Bioengineering & Translational Medicine最新文献

{"title":"A PepFect14 analog improves non‐viral CRISPR delivery in primary human cells to facilitate genome editing and repair","authors":"Alex du Rand, Courtney Masterson, Daniel Verdon, Andrew Siow, Evert Loef, Rod Dunbar, Richard Kingston, Paul Harris, Hilary Sheppard","doi":"10.1002/btm2.70172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/btm2.70172","url":null,"abstract":"CRISPR‐based designer nucleases can facilitate genome engineering targeting almost any genomic locus. However, safe and efficient methods for delivering gene editors into primary human cells and tissues remain a central challenge. In this study, we employed a PepFect14 (PF14) analog, PF14‐K, to deliver high‐fidelity Cas9‐ribonucleoproteins and non‐viral repair templates into primary human skin cells to mediate gene editing and repair targeting genes underlying the group of genetic skin blistering disorders epidermolysis bullosa (EB). Peptide‐RNP nanoparticles enabled consistent gene editing of &gt;70% in primary wild type fibroblasts and &gt;50% in primary wild type keratinocytes. In more difficult‐to‐transfect primary EB skin cells, this strategy facilitated up to 68% exon deletion‐mediated reframing targeting <jats:italic>COL7A1</jats:italic> and 37% precise homology‐directed repair of a prevalent <jats:italic>LAMB3</jats:italic> mutation. Compared to electroporation, the gold standard for ex vivo delivery, PF14‐K enabled similar total yields of edited cells. Deliverable PF14‐K nanoparticles are highly cost‐effective, as they can be formed on the benchtop through a simple mix‐and‐incubate approach, with future potential to deliver base and prime editors.","PeriodicalId":9263,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering & Translational Medicine","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148836229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineered exosomes with RNA ‐motif short hairpin RNA loading and Rab4‐boosted production enable controlled ferroptosis in endometrial carcinoma","authors":"Jiarui Zhang, Yuwei Yao, Wan Shu, Shuangshuang Cheng, Guanglei Zhong, Jia Yu, Jinhua Chen, Kejun Dong, Yingying Peng, Jun Zhang, Hongbo Wang","doi":"10.1002/btm2.70163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/btm2.70163","url":null,"abstract":"Therapeutic challenges in endometrial carcinoma (EC) arise from the limited efficacy and toxicity of current treatments. Although exosome‐based RNA interference shows promise, its clinical translation is hindered by inefficient cargo loading, low yields, and poor tumor targeting. We have engineered an exosome platform (cRGD‐ExoM) that integrates the following innovations: Firstly, RNA motifs enable the enrichment of shRNA loading by over 80‐fold for targeting of ferroptosis regulators (glutathione peroxidase 4/ferroptosis suppressor protein 1/ferritin heavy chain [GPX4/FSP1/FTH]). Secondly, Rab4 silencing amplifies exosome biogenesis via dysregulated endosomal recycling, enhancing tumor cell uptake by impairing endosome maturation—a dual‐action mechanism that boosts both production and delivery. Thirdly, cRGD peptides confer αvβ3‐integrin‐specific targeting. cRGD‐ExoM induces potent ferroptosis by increasing lipid peroxidation and downregulating GPX4/FSP1/FTH, significantly suppressing EC tumor growth in vivo without causing systemic toxicity. The platform's modular design allows for spatiotemporal control of loading, production, and targeting, demonstrating its scalability. This study provides new insights into the precision treatment of endometrial cancer by developing engineered, multifunctional, exosome‐based therapeutic drugs that combine mechanism precision and translational feasibility in tumor treatment.","PeriodicalId":9263,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering & Translational Medicine","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148836230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineered platforms for melanogenesis research: Bridging synthetic biology, bioengineering, and biomimetics","authors":"B. Anika, Arshia Tarkunde, B. S. Swarna, Usha Y. Nayak, Vijendra Prabhu, Raghavendra Rao, A. S. Bharath Prasad","doi":"10.1002/btm2.70159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/btm2.70159","url":null,"abstract":"Melanogenesis, the biological process responsible for melanin synthesis, plays a critical role in determining skin pigmentation and providing photoprotection. Dysregulation of this pathway leads to a wide range of pigmentary disorders that affect a significant proportion of the global population. Traditional approaches to studying melanogenesis rely largely on cultured melanocytes and in vivo animal models; however, these systems present several limitations, including concerns related to physiological relevance, ethical constraints, high maintenance costs, and limited scalability. In recent years, synthetic biology has emerged as a powerful framework for engineering controllable biological systems capable of replicating complex cellular pathways with high precision. Although numerous studies have reported individual synthetic biology approaches for pigment production or pathway engineering, the literature lacks a comprehensive synthesis that integrates these strategies within the broader context of melanogenesis research and its translational potential. This review addresses this gap by consolidating advances in synthetic biology platforms used to investigate and manipulate pigmentation biology. We discuss emerging techniques including genetic engineering, heterologous expression systems, biomimetic constructs, and cell‐free assays that enable the reconstruction and modulation of melanin synthesis pathways. These engineered systems allow the development of disease‐specific and patient‐derived pigmentation models, providing new opportunities for mechanistic studies and personalized therapeutic strategies. Conceptually, this review proposes a unified framework that positions synthetic biology as a versatile toolkit for studying melanogenesis while also enabling scalable production of melanin and melanin‐based biomaterials. By bridging developments across molecular engineering, microbial biosystems, and biomimetic technologies, this work highlights how non‐conventional systems can transform both fundamental pigmentation research and translational applications in dermatology and biotechnology.","PeriodicalId":9263,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering & Translational Medicine","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148768507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid, expression‐free bacteriophage‐based specific detection of target bacteria by conditional release of encapsidated reporter molecules","authors":"Ákos Avramucz, Joseph P. Wheatley, Sahan B. W. Liyanagedera, Tamás Fehér, Richard Amaee","doi":"10.1002/btm2.70171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/btm2.70171","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid diagnosis of infectious diseases is of paramount importance to prevent or control outbreaks and pandemics. Detection of bacteria is commonly performed using culture‐based and molecular detection methods, which cannot address the need for quick, specific and cheap diagnostics. Bacteriophage‐based assays rely on the rapidity, specificity, contaminant‐tolerance and effectiveness of phage‐host interactions and can be engineered with fluorescence or luminescence‐based reporters. Previous attempts, however, required transcription and translation of reporter genes, leading to long assays and restrictive protocols. Here, we shortened the signal generation time by detecting the injection of a phage protein, thereby circumventing the need for gene expression altogether. In our model diagnostic assay, we demonstrate that injection of the N‐terminal fragment of the split nanoluciferase protein of <jats:italic>Oplophorus gracilirostris,</jats:italic> fused to the products of genes g6.7 or g14 of phage K1F, is detectable upon injection into an <jats:italic>Escherichia coli</jats:italic> cell as early as 3 min after phage addition. The engineered phages generate a signal upon exposure to cognate K1—but not to non‐cognate K5 capsule‐enclosed <jats:italic>E. coli</jats:italic> cells, confirming the specificity of our system. The early luminescent signal and the ability to detect as few as 10 <jats:sup>4</jats:sup> bacteria may open the way to the development of a rapid diagnostic tool based on phage‐mediated protein injection.","PeriodicalId":9263,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering & Translational Medicine","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148768510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering brain organoids for functional validation and translational applications: Construction strategies, vascularization, and standardization","authors":"Guohong Huang, Chenfei Lu, Zihan Jin, Yunchuanxiang Huang, Xinya Du, Xixi Hu, Hui Peng, Shanrun Wang, Lin Wen, Juhui Qiu, Guixue Wang, Chuanrong Zhao","doi":"10.1002/btm2.70164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/btm2.70164","url":null,"abstract":"Brain organoids provide three‐dimensional human cellular systems that can reproduce selected features of early neural development, regional patterning, cellular diversification, and emerging neural activity more effectively than conventional two‐dimensional cultures. However, their translational value depends not only on morphological resemblance to brain tissue, but also on whether construction strategies, functional validation, reproducibility, and application‐specific model fitness are appropriately aligned. This structured narrative review synthesizes representative engineering strategies for brain organoid construction and examines how cell source, embryoid body formation, extracellular matrix support, patterning strategy, culture platform, vascularization, and cellular complexity influence functional validation and translational applicability. We further organize functional assessment into a hierarchical validation framework that includes morphology and growth, lineage and regional identity, tissue viability, synaptic maturation, electrophysiological activity, neurochemical signaling, BBB‐like function, and omics‐based benchmarking. These advances support the use of brain organoids in developmental biology, neurological disease modeling, drug screening, neurovascular research, and exploratory biohybrid interfaces, although their interpretation remains constrained by immature cellular states, incomplete vascular perfusion, batch variability, and limited standardization. Overall, this review reframes brain organoids as engineered biological platforms whose value should be judged by the alignment among construction strategy, biological benchmark, functional readout, and intended translational application. The emphasis is comparative conceptual synthesis of engineering strategies and multi‐layer functional validation rather than systematic quantitative meta‐analysis.","PeriodicalId":9263,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering & Translational Medicine","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148768509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iron‐dexamethasone nanoparticles mitigate acute neutrophilic inflammation","authors":"Michael L. Felder, M. Valentina Guevara, Daniel Kupor, Omolola Eniola‐Adefeso","doi":"10.1002/btm2.70173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/btm2.70173","url":null,"abstract":"Neutrophils are the primary immune cell type present within the blood and the first to arrive at sites of inflammation. As such, neutrophils set the stage for how the inflammatory response progresses and resolves. In some cases of non‐resolving inflammation, excessive neutrophil accumulation can cause tissue damage. Accordingly, maintaining tight control over their recruitment and behavior at sites of inflammation is paramount. Historically, corticosteroids have been used to modulate inflammation, but they are associated with systemic side effects that have limited their use. Here, we developed an iron‐dexamethasone nanoparticle (DexOx NP) therapeutic that modulates neutrophil behavior and reroutes neutrophils away from sites of inflammation. DexOx NPs inhibit neutrophil activation, as indicated by prevention of L‐selectin shedding and reduced neutrophil extracellular trap formation. Furthermore, treatment with DexOx NPs in a murine acute lung injury model significantly reduced the total number of neutrophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid while avoiding the side effects of systemic soluble dexamethasone phosphate delivery. Thus, DexOx NPs represent a new option to control non‐resolving neutrophilic inflammation.","PeriodicalId":9263,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering & Translational Medicine","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148768508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CRISPR technologies for detecting DNA and RNA methylation: Mechanisms, platforms, and translational opportunities","authors":"Kaixin Chen, Biyao Yang, Rui Sang, Wenjie Chen, Tingxiu Xiang, Fei Deng","doi":"10.1002/btm2.70174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/btm2.70174","url":null,"abstract":"DNA and RNA methylation are key epigenetic and epitranscriptomic modifications involved in gene regulation, genome stability, RNA metabolism, and disease progression. Aberrant methylation patterns in cell‐free DNA and RNA have emerged as valuable biomarkers for cancer detection, disease monitoring, and therapeutic stratification. However, conventional methods such as bisulfite sequencing, methylation‐specific PCR, MeRIP‐seq, SCARLET, and LC–MS/MS often require harsh processing, high sample input, complex instrumentation, or lack site‐specific resolution, limiting their clinical and point‐of‐care applications. CRISPR‐based diagnostics provide a promising alternative by combining programmable nucleic acid recognition with collateral cleavage‐mediated signal amplification. This review summarizes recent CRISPR strategies for detecting DNA and RNA methylation, including chemical conversion‐assisted assays, restriction enzyme‐mediated detection, direct amplification‐free sensing based on methylation‐modulated Cas activity, detection of oxidized cytosine derivatives, reverse transcription‐mediated Cas12 detection of m6A, and structure‐sensitive Cas13 sensing. We highlight how methylation‐dependent sequence conversion, enzyme accessibility, polymerase behavior, and nucleic acid structure can be translated into CRISPR‐readable signals. Finally, we discuss current translational challenges and emerging opportunities in point‐of‐care methylation diagnostics, integrated DNA–RNA profiling, engineered Cas effectors, AI‐guided assay design, and CRISPR‐compatible methylome analysis.","PeriodicalId":9263,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering & Translational Medicine","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148768802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring vascular changes in renal fibrosis in mice using multimodal optical and ultrasonic imaging.","authors":"Ruijing Zhang, Yuhang Zhang, Chuanlong Lu, Keyi Fan, Heng Wang, Qian Wang, Yijie Ning, Yaling Li, Zeyu Zhang, Xiaohua Jia, Honglin Dong","doi":"10.1002/btm2.70169","DOIUrl":"10.1002/btm2.70169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become one of the major diseases threatening global health, with its increasing incidence and mortality rates. Early identification of chronic kidney disease is crucial for accurate disease staging, timely intervention, and improved prognosis. However, the commonly used clinical diagnostic indicators, such as creatinine, albumin level and glomerular filtration rate, can only identify advanced CKD. Imaging examinations, such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, have limitations such as high costs and high risk of complications, and are not suitable for large-scale screening of high-risk populations. Renal biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosing renal fibrosis, but it is invasive. Previous studies have shown that capillary rarefaction is an early event of renal fibrosis, occurring earlier than tubular atrophy and interstitial collagen deposition. However, there is a lack of a minimally invasive, low-cost, high-resolution, dynamic and real-time monitoring method for renal microcirculation that is suitable for large-scale screening. There is an urgent need for reliable methods to screen early-stage CKD patients. In this study, we have for the first time combined real-time and wide-field laser speckle imaging (RFLSI), near-infrared II imaging (NIR-II), duplex ultrasound (DUS) and Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) to monitor vascular changes and evaluate the progression of renal fibrosis. The combination of four imaging methods enabled the early monitoring of CKD progression by monitoring microcirculation. Among them, CEUS can detect changes in the renal microcirculation at the early stage of renal fibrosis, even earlier than the pathological damage of the kidneys. Through visualization and quantification of the progression of renal fibrosis and validation through histopathology, this study utilizes preclinical imaging to supplement clinical imaging of renal fibrosis, providing a more comprehensive method for monitoring microcirculation, which is helpful for guiding clinical decisions and providing insights into disease progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":9263,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering & Translational Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"e70169"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13454415/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148705558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quinoxalinone-based, endoplasmic reticulum-targeting photosensitizer nanoparticles for tumor photodynamic therapy.","authors":"Chao Sun, Lici Wang, Tao Li, Lei Duan, Yan Dong, Ji Li","doi":"10.1002/btm2.70170","DOIUrl":"10.1002/btm2.70170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an indispensable organelle responsible for the synthesis and transport of proteins and membrane lipids, playing a critical role in numerous physiological and pathological processes. Leveraging the properties of the ER, we developed novel quinoxalinone-based, ER-targeting photosensitizer nanoparticles (Qui-PS NPs) by conjugating an ER-specific targeting peptide(RACR) and evaluated their photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy. The size, morphology, cellular uptake, ER targeting capability, cell viability, biodistribution, and antitumor efficacy were assessed using dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, confocal microscopy, CCK-8 assay, ICP-Mass spectrometry, and tumor volume measurements, respectively. The results demonstrated that the synthesized Qui-PS NPs possessed an average diameter of <math> <mrow><mrow><mn>79.74</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>9.4</mn></mrow> </mrow> </math> nm, a polydispersity index (PDI) of <math> <mrow><mrow><mn>0.23</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>0.02</mn></mrow> </mrow> </math> , and a Zeta potential of <math> <mrow><mrow><mo>-</mo> <mn>11.63</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>2.86</mn></mrow> </mrow> </math> mV. These nanoparticles exhibited near-infrared fluorescence emission centered at 830 nm and demonstrated superior singlet oxygen (¹O₂) generation capability. The NPs were readily internalized by MCF-7 cells, displayed specific ER targeting, and induced cytotoxic effects upon light irradiation, with an <math> <mrow><mrow><mi>I</mi> <msub><mi>C</mi> <mn>50</mn></msub> </mrow> </mrow> </math> value of <math> <mrow><mrow><mn>3.2</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>0.06</mn></mrow> </mrow> </math> μg/mL. In tumor-bearing mice, Qui-PS NPs preferentially accumulated in tumor tissue and significantly suppressed tumor progression under light irradiation, with minimal impact on body weight. These findings suggest that these ER-targeted NPs represent a promising nanoplatform for potential application in tumor PDT.</p>","PeriodicalId":9263,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering & Translational Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"e70170"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13454413/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148705570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiac microphysiological systems in cardiovascular research: Construction paradigms, maturation trajectories, and translational frontiers.","authors":"Rongfang Xie, Haiyang Zhao, Yuqing Lei, Xinrui Wang","doi":"10.1002/btm2.70167","DOIUrl":"10.1002/btm2.70167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of global mortality, yet traditional preclinical models fail to accurately capture the physiological and genetic complexity of the human heart, hindering the development of targeted therapies. Cardiac microphysiological systems (cardiac MPS), including self-organizing human cardiac organoids and engineered cardiac tissue models, have emerged as promising human-relevant platforms for recapitulating selected aspects of cardiac development, tissue organization, and function. This review evaluates current strategies for the construction of these cardiac microphysiological systems through a systematic comparison of two major approaches: development-driven self-organization based on intrinsic stem-cell programs, and engineering-driven assembly supported by bioactive materials, 3D bioprinting, and microfluidic technologies. To address key bottlenecks limiting translational utility, we outline a multidimensional maturity assessment framework encompassing sarcomeric ultrastructural organization, the fidelity of electromechanical coupling, and metabolic reprogramming toward fatty acid β-oxidation. Furthermore, we discuss the translational applications of cardiac microphysiological systems in elucidating early cardiogenesis, modeling complex genetic and ischemic cardiovascular diseases, and enabling high-throughput cardiotoxicity screening. Despite persistent challenges in building perfusable multi-scale vascular networks, reducing batch-to-batch variability, and modeling multi-organ crosstalk, the integration of cardiac microphysiological systems with spatial multi-omics, next-generation biomaterials, and artificial intelligence-assisted culture systems may enhance their translational relevance, provided that these approaches are supported by rigorous benchmarking and cross-laboratory validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9263,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering & Translational Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"e70167"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13454416/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148705524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}