British journal of medicine and medical research最新文献

{"title":"Relationship between the Anterior Fontanel Size and Occipito-frontal Circumference","authors":"Elizabeth-Martha Okorie, P. Peace, N. Akani, E. Alikor","doi":"10.9734/BJMMR/2017/27446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJMMR/2017/27446","url":null,"abstract":"the study, did conducted the field work, the results the the PIOP the results ABSTRACT Aims: To determine the relationship between Anterior Fontanel size (AF) and the Occipito-frontal circumference (OFC). Study Design: A cross sectional and analytical study of Nigerian newborns and infants. Place and Duration of Study: Post-natal Baby and Infant of between December 2011. Methodology: This is a Cross sectional observational and analytical study of 2895 subjects recruited serially at the Post-Natal Wards and Special Care Baby Unit (SCBU), University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, (UPTH); and the Well Infant Clinics of UPTH and Braithwaite Memorial Specialist Hospital (BMSH), Port Harcourt, Nigeria. AF sizes were measured in newborns at birth and at 6, 10 and 14 weeks; 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months of age respectively using Original a modified version of Faix’s method. Results: There were 1391 males and 1504 females giving a male: female (M:F) ratio of 1:1.1. AF sizes decreased significantly with increasing post-natal age, p < 0.001. The reverse was the case with OFC which increased significantly from birth to 24 months of age. A strong negative correlation was observed between AF size and OFC with increasing postnatal age. Conclusion: A statistically significant negative correlation exists between AF size and OFC. This relationship can be represented mathematically by the formula: AF size = 14 - OFC (0.265).","PeriodicalId":9249,"journal":{"name":"British journal of medicine and medical research","volume":"150 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86033674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microleakage of Two Cementing Agents Using Different Application Techniques","authors":"M. Kunkel, W. Ferrari, M. J. Mendonça, V. Bosquiroli, Júlio Katuhide Ueda, Veridiana Camilotti","doi":"10.9734/bjmmr/2017/31531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bjmmr/2017/31531","url":null,"abstract":"The coronal leakage of bacteria and other irritants to the radicular canal system is one of the main factors that may result in clinical failure and affect the long term success of adhesive cementation and endodontic treatment. Thus the aim this study was demonstrated in vitro the degree of marginal microleakage of two cementing agents. 60 bovine incisors endodontically treated. The specimens were randomly divided into two groups: Group 1 – dual-cured resin cement and group 2 - resin-modified glass ionomer cement. Booth groups were divided into three subgroups with 10 teeth each, according to the placement technique to be used: A - applying it with a spatula over the pin; B - lentulo bur; C - Centrix syringe. The teeth were thermocycled for 1000 cycles between 5 and 55°C and a dwelling time of 30 seconds. All groups were immersed in a solution of Rodhamine B at 2% at room temperature for 24 hours. The dye microleakage analysis was performed by three calibrated examiners. After 24 hours, the teeth were longitudinally sectioned and the microleakage scores were given by a blind operator. Data were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis test (p ≤ 0.05). No difference was observed in microleakage values between the insertion techniques for both cements analyzed. The two cements used, as well as the three techniques of insertion techniques generated similar values of coronal microleakage.","PeriodicalId":9249,"journal":{"name":"British journal of medicine and medical research","volume":"106 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73474155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgery as a Career Choice among Medical Undergraduates in a Developing Country","authors":"B. Eke, B. Ojo, I. Elachi, W. Yongo, C. Soo, V. Ugwu, E. Umobong, G. Shorun, P. Abayol","doi":"10.9734/BJMMR/2017/24829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJMMR/2017/24829","url":null,"abstract":"The distribution of medical manpower among various specialties should be of interest to government, health administrators and medical educators of any nation. The medical specialties chosen by medical undergraduates as their career choice are an important determinant of this. This survey of 114 students using an objective semi structured questionnaire explores factors influencing specialty choices of medical students at Benue State University, College of Heath Sciences, Makurdi, Nigeria with special focus on Surgery. The four most popular specialties were Surgery (35%) Internal Medicine (25%), Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology (14%) each. Others include Pathology and Community Medicine (5%) each and Family Medicine (2%). These are determined by factors like natural interest (40%), job-satisfaction and personal convenience (12%) each, role model (3%), gender-issue, personal aptitude and no specific reason (1%) each. Factors like quality of teaching, expected financial reward, religion and family influence have no influence on choice of specialties in the studied population. While majority of the students (91%) considered surgery as important and interesting, 52.6% will want more time allocated to bedside teaching and 17.5% will want improvement in quality of lectures and teaching to help them in better understanding of the specialty. Insight into the reasons underlying the choice of medical career in a country can improve medical career planning. This should guide government’s health administrators and educators as they may be responsible for mal-distribution of medical manpower across the various specialties.","PeriodicalId":9249,"journal":{"name":"British journal of medicine and medical research","volume":"53 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74858168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Echocardiographic Features of Patients with Stroke in Port Harcourt, Nigeria","authors":"R. Ezennaka, S. Dodiyi-Manuel","doi":"10.9734/bjmmr/2017/32076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bjmmr/2017/32076","url":null,"abstract":"Stroke is a major challenge to physicians worldwide, with a high incidence, mortality, disability rates and costs. selected for comparison. Patients who were less than 40 years, hemodynamically unstable or pregnant were excluded. Results: One hundred patients (61 males and 39 females) and 80 healthy controls (51 males and 29 females) were enrolled. There were more males than females in a ratio of 1.6:1 for the patients and 1.3:1 for the controls. Mean age of patients was 57.7 ± 8.4 years and 57.1 ± 8.8 years for controls. Mean body mass index was 27.8 ± 5.48 kg/m 2 in patients and 27.6 ± 4.72 kg/m 2 in controls. Left ventricular mass index of > 110 g/m 2 in females and > 134 g/m 2 in males was considered abnormal. The mean left ventricular mass index was higher in patients than in controls (140.3 ± 43.1 g/m 2 versus 88.1 ± 24.3 g/m 2 ; p < 0.001). Left ventricular hypertrophy was present in 60% of patients and 7.5% of controls (p < 0.001). Potential cardiac sources of embolism was found in 47% of the patients which includes left atrial dilatation (27%), left atrial dilatation with spontaneous echocardiographic contrast (3%), atrial fibrillation (7%), intracardiac thrombus (6%) and valvular heart disease (4%). Conclusion: Stroke patients have a high prevalence of LVH and potential cardiac sources of embolism which can be identified by echocardiography.","PeriodicalId":9249,"journal":{"name":"British journal of medicine and medical research","volume":"38 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80341774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ineffective Erythropoiesis: Associated Factors and Their Potential as Therapeutic Targets in Beta-Thalassaemia Major","authors":"H. Alsaleh, S. Sulong, B. Zilfalil, R. Hassan","doi":"10.9734/bjmmr/2017/31489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bjmmr/2017/31489","url":null,"abstract":"Beta-thalassaemia ( b -thal.) is single-gene disorder that exhibits much clinical variability. b -thal. major is a major health problem, and the only method of curing is allogenic bone-marrow transplantation, which is not available to everyone and not without risk. The underlying pathogenesis of b -thal. major is due to ineffective erythropoiesis (IE), which is characterized by increased proliferative activity that fails to produce sufficient functional red blood cells. In b -thal. patients, the severity of the IE is mainly responsible for the hallmarks of the disease’s presentation, sequalae and complications. This review discusses the mechanisms of IE, the factors that contribute to it and the potential therapies for targeting these factors to improve patients’ clinical phenotypes.","PeriodicalId":9249,"journal":{"name":"British journal of medicine and medical research","volume":"36 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80580604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Person-centred View of the Aim, Goals and Tasks in Clinical Supervision: Proposals on Topics for Experiential Learning","authors":"Michael D Callifronas, S. Brock","doi":"10.9734/BJMMR/2017/29507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJMMR/2017/29507","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This paper intends to highlight and review the traits of the person-centred clinical supervision model. This model is different to ‘mentoring’ supervision models. Specifically, the person-centred model has a minimal degree of directivity when compared to educative, teaching and judgemental supervision models, as the supervisor is not a ‘wise’ expert. S(he) works with trust, empathy, warmth, safety and genuineness within the supervisee’s frame of reference, thus facilitating the supervisee’s experiential learning and development. Discussion: Details of the aim, goals and tasks of person-centred supervision are explored, and the essential differences from other supervision models are discussed. Areas of ethical concern receive particular exploration. This paper proposes areas of experiential learning that would be helpful if elaborated within the supervisory context. Conclusion: The person-centred supervision model is focused on the supervisee’s personal and professional development. It necessitates a collaborative perspective to facilitate reflection and conceptualisation, trusting the supervisee’s internal power and resources.","PeriodicalId":9249,"journal":{"name":"British journal of medicine and medical research","volume":"303 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79630828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study of Malnutrition-dependent Factors among Under-five Children in Ekureku Community, Abi Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria","authors":"E. Donatus, Ejemot Nwadiaro, Regina Idu, Kalu Eja","doi":"10.9734/bjmmr/2017/30204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bjmmr/2017/30204","url":null,"abstract":"work in collaboration between all authors. Author EKD designed the study and wrote the first draft of the manuscript under the supervision of author ENRI who read, edited and arranged the field experiments. Author KRE managed the literature databases and statistical analyses of the study. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. ABSTRACT Malnutrition is the consumption of dietary nutrients either insufficiently or exclusively, and several socio-economic, ignorance, and educational factors are known to determine nutritional status of any community. This study aimed at examining the nutritional status and malnutrition-dependent factors in Ekureku Community. With a cross-sectional design, 380 mother-child pair respondents were selected using systematic sampling technique. Nutritional anthropometry and questionnaire were used to gather data. Data collected were entered and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Student t-test and Chi-square were used to test for inferential statistics at 5% level of significance. Results show that 108(28.4%) of under-five children were stunted, 47(12.3%) wasted and 107(28.1%) underweight. Malnutrition was observed to be significantly higher among females than male children (P < 0.05). Children aged >24 months were more stunted (22.4%), wasted (9.5%) and underweight (22.1%) than children <24 months. Most respondents (54.2%) had poor knowledge of child nutrition, while 45.8% had a fair knowledge. Respondents (35.0%) breastfed their babies exclusively, while 63.0% introduced complementary feeding when their children were less than six months old. Factors such as poor maternal education, sex of child, unemployed women, knowledge of child nutrition and poor feeding practice were found to be associated with malnutrition among under-five children. These findings indicate that malnutrition is high among under-five children and may increase child morbidity and mortality in the community.","PeriodicalId":9249,"journal":{"name":"British journal of medicine and medical research","volume":"33 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86899006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Therapeutic Strategy in the Treatment of Diabetes Type 2, the Use of Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem Cells in 15 Patients: Is There Any Relation with the Incretin-GLP-1/GIP Axis?","authors":"C. Gargiulo, V. Pham, T. Huynh, V. Trieu, Nguyen Cd Kieu, M. Shiffman, M. Holterman, S. Aityan, L. Filgueira","doi":"10.9734/BJMMR/2017/32206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJMMR/2017/32206","url":null,"abstract":"Peripheral blood stem cells (PB-SCs) are probably the most common and the most “slighted” stem cells utilized in medicine, their clinical application is back to year 1986 with the intent of replacing BM as a stem-cell source. This brief manuscript provides a general view into the amazing world of PB-SCs. Since then PB-SCs have been widely studied and the outcomes revealed a very particular biological character that lead to their clinical use in degenerative metabolic diseases as diabetes type 2 (DM2). Based on published data, we have proposed that a combination of both low glycemic index diet (LGI diet) and PB-SCs would generate major improvements in glucose metabolism via positive modification on GLP-1/GIP-Insulin axis. We have elucidated the beneficial effects of the LGI diet combined with PB-SCs on glucose tolerance in 15 individuals. We examined physiologic changes in whole-body insulin sensitivity and insulin and lipid profile after autologous PB-SCs, followed by a LGI diet regimen, which is a central tool in glucose clearance in the post-treatment period. Thus, it was discussed the modulating and regenerative activity of PB-SCs and LGI diet on the insulin, incretin/GLP-1 axis in response to sugar drive typical of DM2 condition.","PeriodicalId":9249,"journal":{"name":"British journal of medicine and medical research","volume":"22 1","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89088403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety of Fasting in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes during Ramadan: A Prospective Study from Pakistan","authors":"Muhammad Shoaib Ahmedani, S. F. D. Alvi, Prof. Dr. Asher. Fawwad, M. Ulhaque, Sanober Naz, A. Basit","doi":"10.9734/BJMMR/2017/31554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJMMR/2017/31554","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To observe safety of fasting in patients with type 1 diabetes during Ramadan. Methods: A prospective, case control study was conducted in the Out-patient department of Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology from June to September 2013. The study was carried out in two phases; Pre-Ramadan recruitment phase (Visit A) and Post-Ramadan follow-up phase (Visit B) of the same patients. In visit A, Ramadan-specific diabetes education was delivered by health care providers in group session and educational material provided to each patient. Results: Sixty two patients with type 1 diabetes (42 in fasting and 20 in non-fasting group) participated in the study. No significant change (p > 0.05) observed in weight and HbA1c of fasting and non-fasting groups before and after Ramadan. During Ramadan, out of 1380 blood glucose readings in fasting group, there were 98 (7.1%) and 570 (41.3%) episodes of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia respectively. None of the patients developed diabetic ketoacidosis and none required hospitalization. No significant difference (p > 0.05) observed in the frequency of hypoglycemia while hyperglycemia increased (p < 0.05) when glycemic status during Ramadan was compared with Pre-Ramadan. No significant difference (p > 0.05) observed in the frequency of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia when Ramadan was compared with Post-Ramadan. Conclusion: We observed that majority of patients with type 1 diabetes did not have serious acute complications of diabetes during Ramadan. Safety of fasting can be ensured in patients with type 1 diabetes with Ramadan-specific diabetes education and medical supervision.","PeriodicalId":9249,"journal":{"name":"British journal of medicine and medical research","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89380258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study on Dental Health Behavior of Nursing Students in Western University","authors":"K. Suttagul, P. Dolo, Russainee Toh-Adam, Tipchuta Pornleardtanapong, S. Pimpong","doi":"10.9734/BJMMR/2017/31328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJMMR/2017/31328","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of oral health among undergraduate Thai nursing students in Western University in Faculty of Nursing at Kanchanaburi, Thailand. Study Design: Observational cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Faculty of Nursing at Kanchanaburi, Western University, Thailand, between August 2014 and June 2015. Methodology: A pilot study was conducted among 20 students, and the sample size was calculated as 135 participants. Total samples were taken from the year I to IV (7 men, 128 women; age range 18-23 years). The participants were asked different questionnaire on dental health knowledge, attitude and practice. Descriptive statistics were calculated for mean, standard deviation (SD), percentage (%). The data were analyzed using SPSS 18. Results: The results show that 94.8 percent were female and only 5.2 were male. The dental problems were found in 94.07% of the participants, which includes dental plaque in 35.43%, followed by food impaction in 21.26%. The results of knowledge of oral health of the participants were, good knowledge in 51.11%. The results of the attitude on the oral health show more than 60% had good attitude, but only 40% had low attitude and did not agree on the attitude questions that were asked. Regarding on the practice of oral health of the participants, over 80.74% of the participants had good practice such as brush their teeth twice daily by modified bass technique for 2-3 minutes and they use cream mixed fluoride toothpaste. About 37% of the participants visit the dentist twice per year for an oral health checkup and about 82.96% of the participants like fruits which is good for the oral health. But 62.22% of the participants visit to the dentist when they have only oral health problems. About 17.03% use horizontal brush technique and 4.44% brush their teeth with cream not mixed fluoride. Conclusion: The nursing undergraduate students have moderate oral health knowledge, attitude and practice. Thus, introducing the teaching and training of the essential components of oral health care in a nursing school is a prerequisite for good practice. This will empower nursing professional with basic oral health knowledge and promote oral health behaviors and hence to disseminate to the patients.","PeriodicalId":9249,"journal":{"name":"British journal of medicine and medical research","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89496607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}