Clinical microbiology and infectious diseases最新文献

{"title":"Successful culture of Streptococcus pneumoniae from sputum despite dual anti-pneumococcal therapy using a novel biofilm disruption technique","authors":"T. A. Cumbo, Destin J. Radder, Saloni Patel, Courtney Jarka, Christopher L. Hutson","doi":"10.15761/CMID.1000180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/CMID.1000180","url":null,"abstract":"Sputum cultures often have low diagnostic yield. Overgrowth by commensal oral flora, environmental stresses, antibiotic use and clustering of pathogens in the sputum matrix can inhibit success. Moreover, pathogens are frequently protected in a native sputum biofilm. We have successfully cultured Streptococcus pneumoniae from a patient demonstrating signs and symptoms of active pneumococcal pneumonia using a novel biofilm disruption technique while on effective antibiotic therapy and despite the above stressors.","PeriodicalId":92491,"journal":{"name":"Clinical microbiology and infectious diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67452319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of melatonin in modulating parasite infections","authors":"Aline C. França‐Botelho","doi":"10.15761/cmid.1000170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/cmid.1000170","url":null,"abstract":"In giardiasis, serum melatonin levels are elevated in these patients; this suggests a positive correlation between the level of melatonin and phagocytic activity in infected patients, possibly related to melatonin’s immunomodulatory effect [2]. The study in vitro showed que phagocytes exhibited higher rates of Giardia lamblia elimination when treated with melatonin. In the group of older mothers, colostrum MN phagocytes treated with melatonina obtained a higher microbicidal index for G. lamblia [6].","PeriodicalId":92491,"journal":{"name":"Clinical microbiology and infectious diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67452044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An evaluation of the use of a novel microbicidal liquid polymer for the reduction of pin-tract infection in external fixation procedures for deformity correction and traumatic provisional fixation","authors":"S. Pema","doi":"10.15761/CMID.1000177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/CMID.1000177","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate whether the use of a microbicidal liquid polymer, forming an occlusive elastomeric barrier when applied as part of a standard pin-tract care protocol leads to a reduction in pin-tract infections. Methods: This IRB approved randomized prospective study included 12 patients who received external fixation following deformity correction. Patients received 10 pins each for a total of 120 pins (60 pins per group). Six patients received standard pin-tract care, while 6 patients received identical pin-tract care with the addition of the microbicidal liquid polymer applied at the conclusion of each care regimen. Data was collected through examinations by clinical staff under supervision of the principal investigator. Data was categorical and analyzed using chi-square or Fisher exact tests to measure variable independence. Results were analyzed on a per patient and per pin basis. Results: Results showed a statistically significant reduction in pin-tract infections for pins of the microbicidal liquid polymer group (14 infected pins in standard care group vs 0 infected pins in microbicidal liquid polymer group, p<0.001). For the patient-level portion, two patients (33.3%) in the standard care group experienced infection while none (0%) in the microbicidal liquid polymer group experienced infection. Conclusions: The application of a microbicidal liquid polymer led to a statistically significant reduction in pin-tract infections. The use of this 510 (k) cleared product as an addition to pin-tract care could have a dramatic impact on the increased adoption of external fixation. *Correspondence to: Shital Pema, Kettering Health System, Ohio, USA, E-mail: shital.pema108@gmail.com","PeriodicalId":92491,"journal":{"name":"Clinical microbiology and infectious diseases","volume":"42 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67452176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of meningitis outbreak after the introduction of Pneumococcal and MenA conjugate vaccines in two districts of Northern Region, Ghana from October 2015 to March 2016","authors":"Bumawura Ee Mahamah, J. Nyuzaghl, Mutala Mahama, Y. Eliasu, Seidu Mudda, M. M. Zankawah, M. Soghaier","doi":"10.15761/cmid.1000169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/cmid.1000169","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Despite the introduction of the Pneumococcal and Meningococcal conjugate vaccines (MenAfriVac) into the routine immunization programme in the Northern part of Ghana, Bole and Sawla-Tuna-Kalba (STK) districts experienced an outbreak of meningitis between October 2015 and March 2016. Cerebrospinal meningitis (CSM) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Globally meningitis mortality ranges between 2% and 30%, and 36% to 50% in Ghana. The northern part of Ghana lies within the African “meningitis belt” that extend from Senegal to Ethiopia making it prone to repeated meningitis outbreaks. Objective: This investigation was conducted to determine the cause of the outbreak in the two districts after the introduction of Pneumococcal and MenA Conjugate Vaccines. Methods: Field investigation conducted to determine the cause and appropriate control measures instituted to control meningitis outbreak in Bole and STK districts. Cases were detected using a standard surveillance case definition for meningitis. Case based forms were used to collect data on demographic and clinical characteristics of cases. Laboratory results were obtained from samples of specimen from suspected cases sent to the laboratory for standard microbiological investigation. Active case findings were conducted in the communities where cases were reported. Consulting room and in-patient registers in the district hospital and all health centres including community register were reviewed during the period. Results: Of the 39 confirmed cases, the highest percentage of cases were caused by Streptococcus pneumonia (54%) and Neisseria meningitides (38%) specifically serogroup W135. In two (2) cases more than one organism was found. Majority (61%) of the cases were males, also, 76% of the cases were less than 30 years. Seventy five percent (75%) of the cases were in the Bole district. Overall case fatality rate (CFR) for the two districts was 33%. Analysis by sex showed a higher fatality rate among males (37%) than females (23%). Conclusion: This investigation found that the outbreak was predominantly caused by two strains of meningitis causing organisms. Intensive surveillance, health education, sensitization of clinicians and proper case management helped to contain the outbreak. Logistic supplies especially specific laboratory reagents such as PCR needs urgent attention to help in timely characterization of disease-causing organisms and guiding the plan for vaccination activities using the isolated serogroup. Apart from mass vaccination campaigns targeting different causative agents, high PCV and Hib coverage in routine EPI should be maintained. The introduction of Pneumococcal and MenA conjugate vaccines was irrelevant in this outbreak since it was caused by different organisms. *Correspondence to: Bumawura Ewuntomah E Mahamah, Ghana Health Service, District Health Directorate, Bole, Ethiopia, Tel: +233 200545855/233244432656, E-mail: mzankawah@yahoo.co.uk","PeriodicalId":92491,"journal":{"name":"Clinical microbiology and infectious diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67451730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From bench to bedside: Colistin nephrotoxicity and vitamin E","authors":"O. Moradi, Z. Sahraei, S. Asadi","doi":"10.15761/cmid.1000161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/cmid.1000161","url":null,"abstract":"Volume 4: 1-2 oxidative stress have a role [24,25]. Based on these data we thought to conduct a randomized trial to assess alpha-tocopherol effect on colistin nephrotoxicity in Loghman-Hakim hospital, a referral tertiary teaching medical center. Patients who are candidate to receive colistin to treat infections caused by multi-drug resistance gram negative bacillus are randomly assigned to receive 400 mg vitamin E in form of alpha tocopherol per day concomitantly by colistin or receive colistin alone. The trial is registered in the Iranian Registry on Clinical Trials by the code of IRCT20130917014693N8. After finishing of the study results will be published.","PeriodicalId":92491,"journal":{"name":"Clinical microbiology and infectious diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67451336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reference materials and duty of ReCCS","authors":"Hirohito Umemoto","doi":"10.15761/cmid.1000152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/cmid.1000152","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92491,"journal":{"name":"Clinical microbiology and infectious diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67451084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The onset of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus following influenza vaccination: report of three cases","authors":"A. Brawer, S. Koyoda","doi":"10.15761/cmid.1000159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/cmid.1000159","url":null,"abstract":"Standard dose, inactivated, trivalent influenza vaccine was administered in 2009 to two healthy women age 46 and 56. Another woman, age 29, received an unspecified influenza vaccine in 2013. The first two developed rheumatoid arthritis, and the third developed systemic lupus erythematosus, all in close proximity to their immunizations. All three disease processes remained chronic, requiring continuous standard treatment.","PeriodicalId":92491,"journal":{"name":"Clinical microbiology and infectious diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67451624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiota analysis in rheumatoid arthritis: News and perspectives","authors":"M. Arleevskaya, E. Boulygina, W. Brooks, Yves Renaudineau","doi":"10.15761/cmid.1000165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/cmid.1000165","url":null,"abstract":"In the last decade, our knowledge regarding the importance of the microbiome (i.e., the genes of the microbiota) in the pathophysiology of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) was transformed with the development of next generation sequencing techniques that now allow an overview of the totality of a host microbiome (defined as the species of microorganisms, such as bacteria, phages, viruses and fungi). Indeed, gut dysbiosis, that characterizes RA, evolves during the history of the disease with modifications observed at the preclinical stage and even more at the onset of the clinical disease in untreated and active patients. In those patients receiving treatment a partial correction is reported particularly when remission is achieved. Although incomplete, similar observations are noted when exploring mouth and lung microbiota. Dysbiosis reflects a loss of anti-inflammatory species and an overrepresentation of pro-inflammatory species (e.g. Prevotella copri, Collinsella aerofaciens) or species that promote citrullination and, in turn, anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA) autoantibody production (e.g. Cryptobacterium curtum, Haemophillus species). Moreover, gut, mouth and lung dysbiosis are suspected of being involved in the origin of bacterial nucleic acids detected in the synovium of RA patients. Therefore, better knowledge of the microbiota during the course of the disease can open new perspectives regarding the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of RA patients as reviewed. *Correspondence to: Yves Renaudineau, Laboratory of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Brest University Medical School Hospital, BP 824, F-29609, Brest, France, Tel: 33-298-22-33-84; Fax: 33-298-22-38-47; E-mail: yves. renaudineau@univ-brest.fr","PeriodicalId":92491,"journal":{"name":"Clinical microbiology and infectious diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67451702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hodgkin’s disease: Bacterial etiology very probable","authors":"C. Sauter","doi":"10.15761/cmid.1000148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/cmid.1000148","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The etiology of Hodgkin’s disease is still unknown more than 180 years after its original description. In recent years a viral etiology was the preferred hypothesis. Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and histological findings, however, point rather to a bacterial etiology. Materials and methods: In the histological work-up of tissues from patients suffering from Hodgkin’s disease periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stains are routinely done. In several bacterial infections intracellular PAS-positive material can be observed. Here ten PAS-stained slides per patient by magnifications of at least × 1000 of six Hodgkin patients were examined (24 000 cells per slide). Results: PAS-positive diastase resistant intracellular rods and spheres were found in all Hodgkin patients but not in other malignant lymphomas. Conclusions: The diastase resistant PAS-positve structures are compatible with intracellular bacteria. After gastric MALT-lymphoma and gastric non-cardia adenocarcinoma it appears that Hodgkin‘s disease may also be a human tumor related to bacteria. *Correspondence to: Christian Sauter, Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland, Tel: +41 44 311 9872, E-mail: cesauter@bluewin.ch","PeriodicalId":92491,"journal":{"name":"Clinical microbiology and infectious diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67450864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erysipelas of the child: About 30 cases","authors":"Saadani Ch, Z. Douhi, H. Baybay, S. Elloudi, Mernissi Fz","doi":"10.15761/cmid.1000154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/cmid.1000154","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92491,"journal":{"name":"Clinical microbiology and infectious diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67451205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}