Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry最新文献_第3页

Lifetime prevalence, sociodemographic predictors, and comorbidities of oppositional defiant disorder: the National Epidemiology of Iranian Child and Adolescent Psychiatric disorders (IRCAP) 对立违抗性障碍的终生患病率、社会人口学预测因素和合并症:伊朗儿童和青少年精神疾病的国家流行病学(IRCAP)

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2019-08-19 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2019-0416

M. Mohammadi, Maryam Salmanian, Zahra Hooshyari, A. Shakiba, S. Alavi, Ameneh Ahmadi, A. Khaleghi, Hadi Zarafshan, S. Mostafavi, Anita Alaghmand, Parviz Molavi, Javad Mahmoudi‐Gharaei, K. Kamali, A. Ghanizadeh, H. Nazari, Nasrin Sarraf, A. Ahmadipour, F. Derakhshanpour, F. Riahi, Atieh Golbon, M. Kousha, Aazam Sadat Heydari Yazdi, M. E. Shahrbabaki, N. H. Motlagh, Houshang Amirian, A. Mojahed, Arezou Kiani, M. Ahmadpanah, R. Dastjerdi, N. Ahmadi

{"title":"Lifetime prevalence, sociodemographic predictors, and comorbidities of oppositional defiant disorder: the National Epidemiology of Iranian Child and Adolescent Psychiatric disorders (IRCAP)","authors":"M. Mohammadi, Maryam Salmanian, Zahra Hooshyari, A. Shakiba, S. Alavi, Ameneh Ahmadi, A. Khaleghi, Hadi Zarafshan, S. Mostafavi, Anita Alaghmand, Parviz Molavi, Javad Mahmoudi‐Gharaei, K. Kamali, A. Ghanizadeh, H. Nazari, Nasrin Sarraf, A. Ahmadipour, F. Derakhshanpour, F. Riahi, Atieh Golbon, M. Kousha, Aazam Sadat Heydari Yazdi, M. E. Shahrbabaki, N. H. Motlagh, Houshang Amirian, A. Mojahed, Arezou Kiani, M. Ahmadpanah, R. Dastjerdi, N. Ahmadi","doi":"10.1590/1516-4446-2019-0416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2019-0416","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This was the first national epidemiological study on oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in Iran, which provided new information about the prevalence, comorbidities, and sociodemographic predictors of ODD. Methods: Data from a face-to-face household survey of 30,532 children and adolescents aged 6-18 years were collected from across all 31 provinces of Iran using a multistage cluster sampling design. The Persian version of the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children – Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) was used in this study. Results: The lifetime prevalence of ODD was found to be 3.9%. ODD was significantly more common in boys than girls and appeared in late adolescence more frequently than in childhood. A lower prevalence of ODD was found among participants who lived in rural areas. ODD is highly likely to co-occur with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, separation anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and depressive disorders. Conclusions: The findings of this national population-based study confirm and extend previous findings on the prevalence, comorbidities, and sociodemographic predictors of ODD.","PeriodicalId":9246,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"13 1","pages":"162 - 167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82772120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Difficulties in activities of daily living are associated with stigma in patients with Parkinson’s disease who are candidates for deep brain stimulation 帕金森病患者日常生活活动困难与耻辱感有关，这些患者是深部脑刺激的候选者

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2019-08-05 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0333

A. D. da Silva, V. P. Leal, Paulo R da Silva, F. C. Freitas, M. Linhares, R. Walz, L. Malloy-Diniz, A. Diaz, A. Palha

{"title":"Difficulties in activities of daily living are associated with stigma in patients with Parkinson’s disease who are candidates for deep brain stimulation","authors":"A. D. da Silva, V. P. Leal, Paulo R da Silva, F. C. Freitas, M. Linhares, R. Walz, L. Malloy-Diniz, A. Diaz, A. Palha","doi":"10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0333","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is often accompanied by stigma, which could contribute to a worse prognosis. The objective of this study is to identify the variables associated with stigma in PD patients who are candidates for deep brain stimulation (DBS). Methods: We investigated sociodemographic and clinical variables associated with stigma in a sample of 54 PD patients indicated for DBS. The independent variables were motor symptoms assessed by the Movement Disorder Society‐sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS III), depressive symptoms measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, age, disease duration and the presence of a general medical condition. The Mobility, Activities of daily living and Emotional well-being domains of the 39-item Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39) were also investigated as independent variables, and the Stigma domain of the PDQ-39 scale was considered the outcome variable. Results: After multiple linear regression analysis, activities of daily living remained associated with the Stigma domain (B = 0.42 [95%CI 0.003-0.83], p = 0.048). The full model accounted for 15% of the variance in the Stigma domain (p = 0.03). Conclusions: Although causal assumptions are not appropriate for cross-sectional studies, the results suggest that ADL difficulties could contribute to greater stigma in PD patients with refractory motor symptoms who are candidates for DBS.","PeriodicalId":9246,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"47 1","pages":"190 - 194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80790646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Depression and quality of life in older adults on hemodialysis 老年血液透析患者的抑郁和生活质量

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2019-08-05 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0345

Saulo B V de Alencar, F. M. de Lima, L. D. A. Dias, V. D. Dias, Anna C Lessa, Jéssika M Bezerra, Julianna F Apolinário, K. D. de Petribú

{"title":"Depression and quality of life in older adults on hemodialysis","authors":"Saulo B V de Alencar, F. M. de Lima, L. D. A. Dias, V. D. Dias, Anna C Lessa, Jéssika M Bezerra, Julianna F Apolinário, K. D. de Petribú","doi":"10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0345","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Depression is highly prevalent in hemodialysis patients, but few studies have evaluated older hemodialysis patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of depression, its associated factors and its impact on quality of life in an older population on hemodialysis. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study including 173 hemodialysis patients aged 60 years or older in Recife, Brazil. Depression was evaluated using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview when depressive symptoms (according to the 5-item Geriatric Depression Scale) were present. Quality of life was assessed with the Control, Autonomy, Self-realization and Pleasure Questionnaire (CASP-16). Data were also collected on sociodemographic, laboratory (albumin, parathormone, hemoglobin, and phosphorus) and dialysis (dialysis vintage, vascular access and hemodialysis adequacy) characteristics. Results: Depression was present in 22.5% of the sample. Depressed patients presented low CASP-16 quality of life scores (31.6 vs. 24.2, p < 0.001), twice the odds of albumin levels < 3.8 g/dL (OR 2.36; 95%CI 1.10-5.07; p = 0.027) and higher parathormone levels (OR 1.06; 95%CI 1.00-1.13; p = 0.05). Conclusion: Older hemodialysis patients have a high prevalence of depression. Depressed patients presented poor quality of life, lower serum albumin and higher parathormone levels. Teams dealing with older hemodialysis patients should include depression and quality of life assessments in care protocols.","PeriodicalId":9246,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"23 1","pages":"195 - 200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86840692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 25

Biological bases for a possible effect of cannabidiol in Parkinson’s disease 大麻二酚对帕金森病可能影响的生物学基础

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2019-07-15 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2019-0460

N. C. Ferreira‐Junior, A. Campos, F. Guimarães, E. Del-Bel, Patrícia M Zimmermann, Liberato Brum Junior, Jaime E. C. Hallak, J. Crippa, A. Zuardi

{"title":"Biological bases for a possible effect of cannabidiol in Parkinson’s disease","authors":"N. C. Ferreira‐Junior, A. Campos, F. Guimarães, E. Del-Bel, Patrícia M Zimmermann, Liberato Brum Junior, Jaime E. C. Hallak, J. Crippa, A. Zuardi","doi":"10.1590/1516-4446-2019-0460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2019-0460","url":null,"abstract":"Current pharmacotherapy of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is palliative and unable to modify the progression of neurodegeneration. Treatments that can improve patients’ quality of life with fewer side effects are needed, but not yet available. Cannabidiol (CBD), the major non-psychotomimetic constituent of cannabis, has received considerable research attention in the last decade. In this context, we aimed to critically review the literature on potential therapeutic effects of CBD in PD and discuss clinical and preclinical evidence supporting the putative neuroprotective mechanisms of CBD. We searched MEDLINE (via PubMed) for indexed articles published in English from inception to 2019. The following keywords were used: cannabis; cannabidiol and neuroprotection; endocannabinoids and basal ganglia; Parkinson’s animal models; Parkinson’s history; Parkinson’s and cannabidiol. Few studies addressed the biological bases for the purported effects of CBD on PD. Six preclinical studies showed neuroprotective effects, while three targeted the antidyskinetic effects of CBD. Three human studies have tested CBD in patients with PD: an open-label study, a case series, and a randomized controlled trial. These studies reported therapeutic effects of CBD on non-motor symptoms. Additional research is needed to elucidate the potential effectiveness of CBD in PD and the underlying mechanisms involved.","PeriodicalId":9246,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"65 1","pages":"218 - 224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89153862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

Body self-image disturbances in women with prolactinoma 催乳素瘤女性的身体自我形象障碍

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2019-07-15 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0325

Helen S Pereira, E. Naliato, A. Moraes, M. Gadelha, L. Vieira Neto, Renan M Almeida, A. Nardi, A. Violante

{"title":"Body self-image disturbances in women with prolactinoma","authors":"Helen S Pereira, E. Naliato, A. Moraes, M. Gadelha, L. Vieira Neto, Renan M Almeida, A. Nardi, A. Violante","doi":"10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0325","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate body dissatisfaction and distorted body self-image in women with prolactinoma. Methods: Body dissatisfaction and distorted body self-image were evaluated in 80 women with prolactinoma. All patients were in menacme, 34% had normal body mass index (BMI), and 66% were overweight. Most patients (56.2%) had normal prolactin (PRL) levels and no hyperprolactinemia symptoms (52.5%). The Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) was used to assess the patients’ dissatisfaction with and concern about their physical form, and the Stunkard Figure Rating Scale (FRS) was used to assess body dissatisfaction and distorted body self-image. The patients were divided according to PRL level (normal vs. elevated) and the presence or absence of prolactinoma symptoms. Results: The normal and elevated PRL groups had similar incidences of body dissatisfaction and distorted body self-image. However, symptomatic patients reported a higher incidence of dissatisfaction than asymptomatic patients. Distorted body self-image was less common among symptomatic patients. Conclusion: Symptomatic patients showed higher body dissatisfaction, but lower body self-image distortion. The presence of symptoms may have been responsible for increased body awareness. The perception of body shape could have triggered feelings of dissatisfaction compared to an ideal lean body. Therefore, a distorted body self-image might not necessarily result in body dissatisfaction in women with prolactinomas.","PeriodicalId":9246,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"15 1","pages":"33 - 39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81412598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The role of the CNR1 gene in schizophrenia: a systematic review including unpublished data. CNR1基因在精神分裂症中的作用：包括未发表数据的系统综述。

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2017-04-01 Epub Date: 2017-01-12 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2016-1969

Eduardo S Gouvêa, Airton F Santos, Vanessa K Ota, Vinicius Mrad, Ary Gadelha, Rodrigo A Bressan, Quirino Cordeiro, Sintia I Belangero

{"title":"The role of the CNR1 gene in schizophrenia: a systematic review including unpublished data.","authors":"Eduardo S Gouvêa, Airton F Santos, Vanessa K Ota, Vinicius Mrad, Ary Gadelha, Rodrigo A Bressan, Quirino Cordeiro, Sintia I Belangero","doi":"10.1590/1516-4446-2016-1969","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1516-4446-2016-1969","url":null,"abstract":"Objective:: Schizophrenia is a multifactorial disorder. It is known that a combination of extensive multiple common alleles may be involved in its etiology, each contributing with a small to moderate effect, and, possibly, some rare alleles with a much larger effect size. We aimed to perform a systematic review of association studies between schizophrenia (and its subphenotypes) and polymorphisms in the CNR1 gene, which encodes cannabinoid receptors classically implicated in schizophrenia pathophysiology, as well as to present unpublished results of an association study in a Brazilian population.Methods:: Two reviewers independently searched for eligible studies and extracted outcome data using a structured form. Papers were retrieved from PubMed and ISI Web of Knowledge using the search term schizophrenia in combination with CNR1 or CB1 or cannabinoid receptor. Twenty-four articles met our inclusion criteria. We additionally present data from a study of our own comparing 182 patients with schizophrenia and 244 healthy controls.Results:: No consistent evidence is demonstrated.Conclusion:: Some seemingly positive association studies stress the need for further investigations of the possible role of endocannabinoid genetics in schizophrenia.","PeriodicalId":9246,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"36 1","pages":"160-171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7111446/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89857130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A systematic review of the neural correlates of positive emotions. 积极情绪的神经关联的系统回顾。

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2017-04-01 Epub Date: 2016-11-24 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2016-1988

Leonardo Machado, Amaury Cantilino

{"title":"A systematic review of the neural correlates of positive emotions.","authors":"Leonardo Machado, Amaury Cantilino","doi":"10.1590/1516-4446-2016-1988","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1516-4446-2016-1988","url":null,"abstract":"Objective:: To conduct a systematic literature review of human studies reporting neural correlates of positive emotions.Methods:: The PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched in January 2016 for scientific papers written in English. No restrictions were placed on year of publication.Results:: Twenty-two articles were identified and 12 met the established criteria. Five had been published during the last 4 years. Formation and regulation of positive emotions, including happiness, are associated with significant reductions in activity in the right prefrontal cortex and bilaterally in the temporoparietal cortex, as well as with increased activity in the left prefrontal regions. They are also associated with increased activity in the cingulate gyrus, inferior and middle temporal gyri, amygdalae, and ventral striatum.Conclusion:: It is too early to claim that there is an established understanding of the neuroscience of positive emotions and happiness. However, despite overlap in the brain regions involved in the formation and regulation of positive and negative emotions, we can conclude that positive emotions such as happiness activate specific brain regions.","PeriodicalId":9246,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"12 2","pages":"172-179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7111451/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91479759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prevalence of and factors associated with antipsychotic polypharmacy in patients with serious mental illness: Findings from a cross-sectional study in an upper-middle-income country 严重精神疾病患者抗精神病药物综合用药的患病率及相关因素:来自中高收入国家的横断面研究结果

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2017-02-06 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2016-2015

Kerryn S Armstrong, H. Temmingh

{"title":"Prevalence of and factors associated with antipsychotic polypharmacy in patients with serious mental illness: Findings from a cross-sectional study in an upper-middle-income country","authors":"Kerryn S Armstrong, H. Temmingh","doi":"10.1590/1516-4446-2016-2015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2016-2015","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The aim of our study was to examine the prevalence of and factors associated with antipsychotic polypharmacy (APP) among patients with serious mental illness in the current South African health care context. Methods: We collected data on patient, illness, and treatment characteristics of patients discharged on one or more antipsychotic agents from January to June 2014. We analyzed the associations of APP with demographic and clinical variables using hierarchical multivariable logistic regression, and examined prescription patterns. Results: The prevalence of APP in our study population of 577 patients was 28.4%. Demographic and clinical characteristics significantly associated with APP included age > 29, male sex, diagnosis of schizophrenia, comorbid intellectual disability, comorbid substance use, greater number of hospital admissions, and high-dose prescribing. First-generation antipsychotics and long-acting injectable preparations were prominent in APP combinations. Co-prescription of anticholinergic agents and sodium valproate demonstrated a significant association with APP. Conclusion: APP appears common in our population, despite lack of evidence for the practice and possible risk of harm. Our findings suggest a complex interplay among patient, illness, and treatment factors relevant to APP in our setting that could be targeted for intervention.","PeriodicalId":9246,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"65 1","pages":"293 - 301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76363347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 26

Critical neuropsychobiological analysis of panic attack- and anticipatory anxiety-like behaviors in rodents confronted with snakes in polygonal arenas and complex labyrinths: a comparison to the elevated plus- and T-maze behavioral tests 对啮齿类动物在多边形竞技场和复杂迷宫中面对蛇时的惊恐发作和预期焦虑样行为的关键神经心理生物学分析:与升高的正迷宫和t迷宫行为测试的比较

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2017-02-06 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2015-1895

N. Coimbra, T. Paschoalin-Maurin, G. Bassi, A. Kanashiro, A. Biagioni, T. T. Felippotti, D. H. Elias-Filho, J. Mendes-Gomes, Jade P Cysne-Coimbra, R. C. Almada, B. Lobão-Soares

{"title":"Critical neuropsychobiological analysis of panic attack- and anticipatory anxiety-like behaviors in rodents confronted with snakes in polygonal arenas and complex labyrinths: a comparison to the elevated plus- and T-maze behavioral tests","authors":"N. Coimbra, T. Paschoalin-Maurin, G. Bassi, A. Kanashiro, A. Biagioni, T. T. Felippotti, D. H. Elias-Filho, J. Mendes-Gomes, Jade P Cysne-Coimbra, R. C. Almada, B. Lobão-Soares","doi":"10.1590/1516-4446-2015-1895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2015-1895","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To compare prey and snake paradigms performed in complex environments to the elevated plus-maze (EPM) and T-maze (ETM) tests for the study of panic attack- and anticipatory anxiety-like behaviors in rodents. Methods: PubMed was reviewed in search of articles focusing on the plus maze test, EPM, and ETM, as well as on defensive behaviors displayed by threatened rodents. In addition, the authors’ research with polygonal arenas and complex labyrinth (designed by the first author for confrontation between snakes and small rodents) was examined. Results: The EPM and ETM tests evoke anxiety/fear-related defensive responses that are pharmacologically validated, whereas the confrontation between rodents and snakes in polygonal arenas with or without shelters or in the complex labyrinth offers ethological conditions for studying more complex defensive behaviors and the effects of anxiolytic and panicolytic drugs. Prey vs. predator paradigms also allow discrimination between non-oriented and oriented escape behavior. Conclusions: Both EPM and ETM simple labyrinths are excellent apparatuses for the study of anxiety- and instinctive fear-related responses, respectively. The confrontation between rodents and snakes in polygonal arenas, however, offers a more ethological environment for addressing both unconditioned and conditioned fear-induced behaviors and the effects of anxiolytic and panicolytic drugs.","PeriodicalId":9246,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"41 1","pages":"72 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86200106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 36

The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene Val66Met polymorphism affects memory performance in older adults 脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)基因Val66Met多态性影响老年人的记忆表现

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2017-01-12 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2016-1980

L. A. de Azeredo, Tatiana de Nardi, M. L. Levandowski, S. Tractenberg, Júlia Kommers-Molina, A. Wieck, T. Q. Irigaray, I. G. da Silva, R. Grassi‐Oliveira

{"title":"The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene Val66Met polymorphism affects memory performance in older adults","authors":"L. A. de Azeredo, Tatiana de Nardi, M. L. Levandowski, S. Tractenberg, Júlia Kommers-Molina, A. Wieck, T. Q. Irigaray, I. G. da Silva, R. Grassi‐Oliveira","doi":"10.1590/1516-4446-2016-1980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2016-1980","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Memory impairment is an important contributor to the reduction in quality of life experienced by older adults, and genetic risk factors seem to contribute to variance in age-related cognitive decline. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an important nerve growth factor linked with development and neural plasticity. The Val66Met polymorphism in the BDNF gene has been associated with impaired episodic memory in adults, but whether this functional variant plays a role in cognitive aging remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism on memory performance in a sample of elderly adults. Methods: Eighty-seven subjects aged > 55 years were recruited using a community-based convenience sampling strategy in Porto Alegre, Brazil. The logical memory subset of the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised was used to assess immediate verbal recall (IVR), delayed verbal recall (DVR), and memory retention rate. Results: BDNF Met allele carriers had lower DVR scores (p = 0.004) and a decline in memory retention (p = 0.017) when compared to Val/Val homozygotes. However, we found no significant differences in IVR between the two groups (p = 0.088). Conclusion: These results support the hypothesis of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism as a risk factor associated with cognitive impairment, corroborating previous findings in young and older adults.","PeriodicalId":9246,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"57 1","pages":"90 - 94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74927787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 21