{"title":"One size does not fit all: trans-diagnostic immune signatures for personalized treatment of psychoses.","authors":"Fabiana Corsi-Zuelli","doi":"10.1590/1516-4446-2021-2302","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1516-4446-2021-2302","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9246,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9041969/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72807002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Santos, José Pedro Simões Neto, T. Belfort, I. Lacerda, M. Dourado
{"title":"Patterns of impairment in decision-making capacity in Alzheimer’s disease and its relationship with cognitive and clinical variables","authors":"R. Santos, José Pedro Simões Neto, T. Belfort, I. Lacerda, M. Dourado","doi":"10.1590/1516-4446-2021-2180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2021-2180","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To investigate the patterns of impairment in decision-making abilities and their relationship with cognitive and clinical symptoms in people with Alzheimer’s disease. We hypothesized that decision-making abilities would not be impaired at the same level and would be related to impairment of global cognition and other clinical symptoms of the disease. Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, we included a consecutive sample of 102 people with Alzheimer’s disease and their respective caregivers. We investigated the relationship between decision-making capacity and quality of life (QoL), disease awareness, mood, functionality, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and cognition. Results: Different levels of impairment were observed in the participants’ decision-making abilities. Understanding, appreciation, and reasoning were correlated, but expressing a choice was only correlated with appreciation. Deficits in understanding were related to impaired disease awareness, lower self-reported QoL, and lower comprehension of spoken language. Better appreciation was related to better orientation and lower age. Better reasoning was related to better orientation and better self-reported QoL. Deficits in expressing a choice were related to lower self-reported QoL. Conclusion: The pattern of impairment in decision-making abilities was not linear. Each decision-making ability was related to different cognitive and clinical deficits. Therefore, cognitive functioning is an insufficient criterion for judging an individual’s decision-making ability.","PeriodicalId":9246,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78997901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Borges, José Ángel García, M. Sinyor, M. Spittal, O. López-Arellano, J. Pirkis
{"title":"Suicide after and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico City","authors":"G. Borges, José Ángel García, M. Sinyor, M. Spittal, O. López-Arellano, J. Pirkis","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3879041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3879041","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Prior research has indicated that no increase in suicides occurred immediately following the declaration of the COVID-19 emergency in Mexico City. Here we examine longer-term overall suicide trends and trends according to basic demographic groups. Methods: We used interrupted time-series analysis to model trends in monthly suicides before COVID-19 (January 1, 2010 to March 31, 2020), comparing the expected number of suicides both overall and according to age and sex with the observed number of suicides for the remainder of 2020 (April 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020). Results: There was an overall increase in suicides during the first 9 months of the pandemic, with a rate ratio of 2.07 (1.86-2.31). The increase began in the early months of the pandemic and remained stable and high after June 2020. Men and women, younger people (< 45) and older people (≥ 45) were affected. The increase was especially high among older women (RR = 3.33; 2.04-5.15). Conclusions: The increase in suicides in Mexico City is worrying and highlights the need to strengthen economic development, mental health, and well-being programs. Suicides among older women should be closely monitored. There is an urgent need to expand primary health care services to include robust suicide prevention and treatment options.","PeriodicalId":9246,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80174094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Shephard, M. Batistuzzo, M. Hoexter, E. Stern, P. Zuccolo, C. Y. Ogawa, R. Silva, A. Brunoni, Daniel L. C. Costa, V. Doretto, L. Saraiva, C. Cappi, R. Shavitt, H. Simpson, O. A. van den Heuvel, E. Miguel
{"title":"Neurocircuit models of obsessive-compulsive disorder: limitations and future directions for research","authors":"E. Shephard, M. Batistuzzo, M. Hoexter, E. Stern, P. Zuccolo, C. Y. Ogawa, R. Silva, A. Brunoni, Daniel L. C. Costa, V. Doretto, L. Saraiva, C. Cappi, R. Shavitt, H. Simpson, O. A. van den Heuvel, E. Miguel","doi":"10.1590/1516-4446-2020-1709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2020-1709","url":null,"abstract":"Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common psychiatric condition classically characterized by obsessions (recurrent, intrusive and unwanted thoughts) and compulsions (excessive, repetitive and ritualistic behaviors or mental acts). OCD is heterogeneous in its clinical presentation and not all patients respond to first-line treatments. Several neurocircuit models of OCD have been proposed with the aim of providing a better understanding of the neural and cognitive mechanisms involved in the disorder. These models use advances in neuroscience and findings from neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies to suggest links between clinical profiles that reflect the symptoms and experiences of patients and dysfunctions in specific neurocircuits. Several models propose that treatments for OCD could be improved if directed to specific neurocircuit dysfunctions, thereby restoring efficient neurocognitive function and ameliorating the symptomatology of each associated clinical profile. Yet, there are several important limitations to neurocircuit models of OCD. The purpose of the current review is to highlight some of these limitations, including issues related to the complexity of brain and cognitive function, the clinical presentation and course of OCD, etiological factors, and treatment methods proposed by the models. We also provide suggestions for future research to advance neurocircuit models of OCD and facilitate translation to clinical application.","PeriodicalId":9246,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76553263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unveiling the neurobiology of learning and memory: the lifetime accomplishments of Ivan Izquierdo (1937-2021)","authors":"F. Kapczinski, A. Nardi, J. Quevedo","doi":"10.1590/1516-4446-2021-1805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2021-1805","url":null,"abstract":"Unveiling the neurobiology of learning and memory: the lifetime accomplishments of Ivan Izquierdo (1937-2021) Flavio Kapczinski,0000-0000-0000-0000 Antonio E. Nardi,0000-0000-0000-0000 João Quevedo0000-0000-0000-0000 Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Mood Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (URFJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA. Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA. Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA. Laboratório de Psiquiatria Translacional, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil.","PeriodicalId":9246,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75409230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Gutiérrez-Rojas, A. Porras-Segovia, Henry Dunne, N. Andrade-González, J. Cervilla
{"title":"Prevalence and correlates of major depressive disorder: a systematic review","authors":"L. Gutiérrez-Rojas, A. Porras-Segovia, Henry Dunne, N. Andrade-González, J. Cervilla","doi":"10.1590/1516-4446-2019-0650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2019-0650","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most disabling mental illnesses and it has a significant impact on society. This review aims to provide updated scientific evidence about the epidemiology of MDD. Methods: A systematic literature review of the PubMed and MEDLINE databases was performed to identify articles on the prevalence of MDD and its correlates. The search was restricted to manuscripts published between January 2001 and December 2018. Results: Sixty-three articles were included in the review. The lifetime prevalence of MDD ranged from 2 to 21%, with the highest rates found in some European countries and the lowest in some Asian countries. The main sociodemographic correlates were separated/divorced marital status and female gender. Child abuse, intimate partner violence, and comorbidity with other physical and mental disorders also were consistently associated with MDD across the reviewed studies. Conclusions: MDD is a highly prevalent condition worldwide. There are remarkable interregional differences in the disorder’s prevalence, as well as in certain sociodemographic correlates. MDD is also highly comorbid with physical and mental health problems.","PeriodicalId":9246,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88136947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marcelo L Schwarzbold, Gelline M Haas, Rafael S Barni, Patrícia Biava, Ana C Momo, Thaís M Dias, Tosin A Ayodele, Alexandre P Diaz, Flávio Vicente
{"title":"At-risk drinking and current cannabis use among medical students: a multivariable analysis of the role of personality traits.","authors":"Marcelo L Schwarzbold, Gelline M Haas, Rafael S Barni, Patrícia Biava, Ana C Momo, Thaís M Dias, Tosin A Ayodele, Alexandre P Diaz, Flávio Vicente","doi":"10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0318","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0318","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the role of personality traits in at-risk drinking and current cannabis use among medical students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study evaluated 707 medical students from two universities. Multiple logistic regression models for at-risk drinking and current cannabis use were constructed including sociodemographic, psychiatric, and personality variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At-risk drinking and current cannabis use were reported by 19.3% and 14.9% of participants, respectively. Models including Big Five measures showed associations of at-risk drinking with higher extraversion (p < 0.00001, adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.9) and lower conscientiousness (p = 0.00001, AOR = 0.5); cannabis use was also associated with lower conscientiousness (p = 0.003, AOR = 0.6), besides higher openness to experience (p = 0.002, AOR = 1.9). Models including measures of the Behavioral Inhibition and Activation Systems scales (BIS/BAS) showed associations of at-risk drinking with lower BIS (p = 0.002, AOR = 0.9) and higher BAS fun-seeking (p = 0.0005, AOR = 1.2); cannabis use was also associated with higher BAS fun-seeking (p = 0.008, AOR = 1.2). Personality variables had modest effects on model fit.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Specific personality traits were independently associated with at-risk drinking and current cannabis use, albeit with modest effect sizes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9246,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7115447/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87420480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hugues Lamothe, Jean-Marc Baleyte, Luc Mallet, Antoine Pelissolo
{"title":"Trichotillomania is more related to Tourette disorder than to obsessive-compulsive disorder.","authors":"Hugues Lamothe, Jean-Marc Baleyte, Luc Mallet, Antoine Pelissolo","doi":"10.1590/1516-4446-2019-0471","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1516-4446-2019-0471","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Trichotillomania (TTM) is characterized by the pulling out of one's hair. TTM was classified as an impulse control disorder in DSM-IV, but is now classified in the obsessive-compulsive related disorders section of DSM-5. Classification for TTM remains an open question, especially considering its impact on treatment of the disorder. In this review, we questioned the relation of TTM to tic disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We reviewed relevant MEDLINE-indexed articles on clinical, neuropsychological, neurobiological, and therapeutic aspects of trichotillomania, OCD, and tic disorders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our review found a closer relationship between TTM and tic disorder from neurobiological (especially imaging) and therapeutic standpoints.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We sought to challenge the DSM-5 classification of TTM and to compare TTM with both OCD and tic disorder. Some discrepancies between TTM and tic disorders notwithstanding, several arguments are in favor of a closer relationship between these two disorders than between TTM and OCD, especially when considering implications for therapy. This consideration is essential for patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":9246,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6986481/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83066068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elfi Egmond, Zoe Mariño, Ricard Navines, Giovanni Oriolo, Anna Pla, Concepció Bartres, Sabela Lens, Xavier Forns, Rocio Martin-Santos
{"title":"Incidence of depression in patients with hepatitis C treated with direct-acting antivirals.","authors":"Elfi Egmond, Zoe Mariño, Ricard Navines, Giovanni Oriolo, Anna Pla, Concepció Bartres, Sabela Lens, Xavier Forns, Rocio Martin-Santos","doi":"10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0336","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Depression has been associated with hepatitis C, as well as with its treatment with proinflammatory cytokines (i.e., interferon). The new direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) have minimal adverse effects and high potency, with a direct inhibitory effect on non-structural viral proteins. We studied the incidence and associated factors of depression in a real-life prospective cohort of chronic hepatitis C patients treated with the new DAAs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The sample was recruited from a cohort of 91 patients with hepatitis C, of both sexes, with advanced level of fibrosis and no HIV coinfection, consecutively enrolled during a 6-month period for DAA treatment; those euthymic at baseline (n=54) were selected. All were evaluated through the depression module of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9-DSM-IV), at three time points: baseline, 4 weeks, and end-of-treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cumulative incidence (95%CI) of major depression and any depressive disorder during DAA treatment was 13% (6.4-24.4) and 46.3% (33.7-59.4), respectively. No differences were observed between those patients with and without cirrhosis or ribavirin treatment (p > 0.05). Risk factors for incident major depression during DAA treatment included family depression (relative risk 9.1 [1.62-51.1]), substance use disorder (11.0 [1.7-73.5]), and baseline PHQ-9 score (2.1 [1.1-3.1]).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of this study highlight the importance of screening for new depression among patients receiving new DAAs, and identify potential associated risk factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":9246,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0336","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83622231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paula Studart-Bottó, Davi F Martins-Junior, Stella Sarmento, Lucas Argolo, Amanda Galvão-de-Almeida, Ângela Miranda-Scippa
{"title":"Self-injurious behavior and related mortality in children under 10 years of age: a retrospective health record study in Brazil.","authors":"Paula Studart-Bottó, Davi F Martins-Junior, Stella Sarmento, Lucas Argolo, Amanda Galvão-de-Almeida, Ângela Miranda-Scippa","doi":"10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0355","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0355","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe and analyze data on self-injurious behavior (SIB) and related mortality in children under 10 years old in Brazil.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A descriptive study was performed using secondary public health care data extracted from the Hospital Information System (Sistema de Informações Hospitalares, SIH) and Mortality Information System (Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade, SIM) in Brazil. The databases are available for online access at http://datasus.saude.gov.br/.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In Brazil, according to SIH data, 11,312 hospitalizations of patients under 10 years of age were recorded from 1998 to 2018 as resulting from SIB (ICD-10 X60-X84 codes). Of these, 65 resulted in death. According to the SIM, from 1996 to 2016, 91 deaths related to SIB were recorded, 81 (89%) in children aged 5 to 9 years, nine (9.9%) in children aged 1 to 4 years, and one (1.1%) in a child below 1 year of age.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results highlight the relevance of creating measures to better understand SIB and related mortality in this age group. They also reveal the vulnerability of children in Brazil and warrant further studies to address these issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":9246,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6986482/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87186311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}