{"title":"Andrographolide sensitizes glioma to temozolomide by inhibiting DKK1 expression","authors":"Zhan-Sheng Zhang, Zi-Xuan Gao, Jin-Jin He, Can Ma, Hang-Tian Tao, Feng-Yi Zhu, Yu-Na Cheng, Cui-Qing Xie, Ji-Qin Li, Zhuang-Zhuang Liu, Li-Li Hou, Hua Sun, Song-Qiang Xie, Dong Fang","doi":"10.1038/s41416-024-02842-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41416-024-02842-0","url":null,"abstract":"Temozolomide (TMZ) is the first-line chemotherapeutic drug for gliomas treatment. However, the clinical efficacy of TMZ in glioma patients was very limited. Therefore, it is urgently needed to discover a novel approach to increase the sensitivity of glioma cells to TMZ. Western blot, immunohistochemical staining, and qRT-PCR assays were used to explore the mechanisms underlying TMZ promoting DKK1 expression and andrographolide (AND) inhibiting DKK1 expression. HPLC was used to detect the ability of andrographolide (AND) to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. MTT assay, bioluminescence images, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and H&E staining were employed to measure the proliferative activity of glioma cells and the growth of intracranial tumors. TMZ can promote DKK1 expression in glioma cells and brain tumors of an orthotopic model of glioma. DKK1 could promote glioma cell proliferation and tumor growth in an orthotopic model of glioma. Mechanistically, TMZ increased EGFR expression and subsequently induced the activation of its downstream MEK-ERK and PI3K-Akt pathways, thereby promoting DKK1 expression in glioma cells. Andrographolide inhibited TMZ-induced DKK1 expression through inactivating MEK-ERK and PI3K-Akt pathways. Andrographolide can cross the blood-brain barrier, the combination of TMZ and andrographolide not only improved the anti-tumor effects of TMZ but also showed a survival benefit in an orthotopic model of glioma. Andrographolide can enhance anti-tumor activity of TMZ against glioma by inhibiting DKK1 expression.","PeriodicalId":9243,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Cancer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142187716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Specific features of ß-catenin-mutated hepatocellular carcinomas","authors":"Camille Dantzer, Lydia Dif, Justine Vaché, Sara Basbous, Clotilde Billottet, Violaine Moreau","doi":"10.1038/s41416-024-02849-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41416-024-02849-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>CTNNB1</i>, encoding the ß-catenin protein, is a key oncogene contributing to liver carcinogenesis. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of primary liver cancer in adult, representing the third leading cause of cancer-related death. Aberrant activation of the Wnt/ß-catenin pathway, mainly due to mutations of the <i>CTNNB1</i> gene, is observed in a significant subset of HCC. In this review, we first resume the major recent advances in HCC classification with a focus on <i>CTNNB1</i>-mutated HCC subclass. We present the regulatory mechanisms involved in β-catenin stabilisation, transcriptional activity and binding to partner proteins. We then describe specific phenotypic characteristics of <i>CTNNB1</i>-mutated HCC thanks to their unique gene expression patterns. <i>CTNNB1</i>-mutated HCC constitute a full-fledged subclass of HCC with distinct pathological features such as well-differentiated cells with low proliferation rate, association to cholestasis, metabolic alterations, immune exclusion and invasion. Finally, we discuss therapeutic approaches to target ß-catenin-mutated liver tumours and innovative perspectives for future drug developments.</p>","PeriodicalId":9243,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Cancer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142187717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad U. Zahid, Matthew Waguespack, Rebecca C. Harman, Eric M. Kercher, Shubhankar Nath, Tayyaba Hasan, Imran Rizvi, Bryan Q. Spring, Heiko Enderling
{"title":"Fractionated photoimmunotherapy stimulates an anti-tumour immune response: an integrated mathematical and in vitro study","authors":"Mohammad U. Zahid, Matthew Waguespack, Rebecca C. Harman, Eric M. Kercher, Shubhankar Nath, Tayyaba Hasan, Imran Rizvi, Bryan Q. Spring, Heiko Enderling","doi":"10.1038/s41416-024-02844-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41416-024-02844-y","url":null,"abstract":"Advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has high recurrence rates due to disseminated initial disease presentation. Cytotoxic phototherapies, such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photoimmunotherapy (PIT, cell-targeted PDT), have the potential to treat disseminated malignancies due to safe intraperitoneal delivery. We use in vitro measurements of EOC tumour cell and T cell responses to chemotherapy, PDT, and epidermal growth factor receptor targeted PIT as inputs to a mathematical model of non-linear tumour and immune effector cell interaction. The model outputs were used to calculate how photoimmunotherapy could be utilised for tumour control. In vitro measurements of PIT dose responses revealed that although low light doses (<10 J/cm2) lead to limited tumour cell killing they also increased proliferation of anti-tumour immune effector cells. Model simulations demonstrated that breaking up a larger light dose into multiple lower dose fractions (vis-à-vis fractionated radiotherapy) could be utilised to effect tumour control via stimulation of an anti-tumour immune response. There is promise for applying fractionated PIT in the setting of EOC. However, recommending specific fractionated PIT dosimetry and timing will require appropriate model calibration on tumour-immune interaction data in human patients and subsequent validation of model predictions in prospective clinical trials.","PeriodicalId":9243,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Cancer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41416-024-02844-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142187718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sohail Rooman Javed, Aglaia Skolariki, Mohammed Zeeshan Zameer, Simon R. Lord
{"title":"Implications of obesity and insulin resistance for the treatment of oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer","authors":"Sohail Rooman Javed, Aglaia Skolariki, Mohammed Zeeshan Zameer, Simon R. Lord","doi":"10.1038/s41416-024-02833-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41416-024-02833-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, and incidence rates are rising, it is thought in part, due to increasing levels of obesity. Endocrine therapy (ET) remains the cornerstone of systemic therapy for early and advanced oestrogen receptor-positive (ER + ) breast cancer, but despite treatment advances, it is becoming more evident that obesity and insulin resistance are associated with worse outcomes. Here, we describe the current understanding of the relationship between both obesity and diabetes and the prevalence and outcomes for ER+ breast cancer. We also discuss the mechanisms associated with resistance to ET and the relationship to treatment toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":9243,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Cancer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142187757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patrick M. Boland, Sarbajit Mukherjee, Iman Imanirad, Namrata Vijayvergia, Seth D. Cohen, Medhavi Gupta, Renuka V. Iyer, Andrei Bakin, Jianxin Wang, Sarah Chatley, Beth Cahill, Deepak Vadehra, Kristopher Attwood, Howard S. Hochster, Christos Fountzilas
{"title":"TAS-102, Irinotecan, and bevacizumab in pre-treated metastatic colorectal cancer (TABAsCO), a phase II clinical trial","authors":"Patrick M. Boland, Sarbajit Mukherjee, Iman Imanirad, Namrata Vijayvergia, Seth D. Cohen, Medhavi Gupta, Renuka V. Iyer, Andrei Bakin, Jianxin Wang, Sarah Chatley, Beth Cahill, Deepak Vadehra, Kristopher Attwood, Howard S. Hochster, Christos Fountzilas","doi":"10.1038/s41416-024-02845-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41416-024-02845-x","url":null,"abstract":"The efficacy of FOLFIRI plus an antiangiogenesis biologic agent as 2nd line therapy for metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma is limited. TAS-102 is a novel oral antimetabolite with a distinct mechanism of action from fluoropyrimidines. We evaluated the antitumour efficacy of TAS-102, irinotecan and bevacizumab in patients with pre-treated, advanced colorectal adenocarcinoma in a multicenter, phase II, single-arm study. Patients with advanced colorectal adenocarcinoma who had progressed after oxaliplatin and fluoropyrimidine and were eligible for treatment with bevacizumab were treated with irinotecan, bevacizumab, and TAS-102 in 28-day cycles. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). We enrolled 35 evaluable patients. The study was positive. The median PFS was 7.9 (90% CI 6.2–11.8) months (vs. 6 months in historical control, p = 0.018). The median overall survival was 16.5 (90% CI 9.8–17.5) months. Sixty-seven per cent of patients experienced grade 3 or higher treatment-related adverse events. The most common toxicities were hematological (neutropenia) and gastrointestinal (diarrhoea, nausea, and vomiting). Irinotecan, TAS-102 and bevacizumab is an active 2nd line therapy for patients with metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma. Neutropenia is common and can affect dose density/intensity mandating use of G-CSF. A randomized study versus standard-of-care therapy is warranted. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04109924.","PeriodicalId":9243,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Cancer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142145233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saikat Chowdhury, Joanne Xiu, Jennifer R. Ribeiro, Theodore Nicolaides, Jian Zhang, W. Michael Korn, Kelsey A. Poorman, Heinz-Josef Lenz, John L. Marshall, Matthew J. Oberley, George W. Sledge Jr., David Spetzler, Scott Kopetz, John Paul Shen
{"title":"Consensus molecular subtyping of metastatic colorectal cancer expands biomarker-directed therapeutic benefit for patients with CMS1 and CMS2 tumors","authors":"Saikat Chowdhury, Joanne Xiu, Jennifer R. Ribeiro, Theodore Nicolaides, Jian Zhang, W. Michael Korn, Kelsey A. Poorman, Heinz-Josef Lenz, John L. Marshall, Matthew J. Oberley, George W. Sledge Jr., David Spetzler, Scott Kopetz, John Paul Shen","doi":"10.1038/s41416-024-02826-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41416-024-02826-0","url":null,"abstract":"We developed a whole transcriptome sequencing (WTS)-based Consensus Molecular Subtypes (CMS) classifier using FFPE tissue and investigated its prognostic and predictive utility in a large clinico-genomic database of CRC patients (n = 24,939). The classifier was trained against the original CMS datasets using an SVM model and validated in an independent blinded TCGA dataset (88.0% accuracy). Kaplan–Meier estimates of overall survival (OS) and time-on-treatment (TOT) were calculated for each CMS (p < 0.05 considered significant). CMS2 tumors were enriched on left-side of colon and conferred the longest median OS. In RAS-wildtype mCRC, left-sided tumors and CMS2 classification were associated with longer TOT with anti-EGFR antibodies (cetuximab and panitumumab). When restricting to only CMS2, there was no significant difference in TOT between right- versus left-sided tumors. CMS1 tumors were associated with a longer median TOT with pembrolizumab relative to other CMS groups, even when analyzing only microsatellite stable (MSS) tumors. A WTS-based CMS classifier allowed investigation of a large multi-institutional clinico-genomic mCRC cohort, suggesting anti-EGFR therapy benefit for right-sided RAS-WT CMS2 tumors and immune checkpoint inhibitor benefit for MSS CMS1. Routine CMS classification of CRC provides important treatment associations that should be further investigated.","PeriodicalId":9243,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Cancer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142124876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comorbidity in patients with cancer treated at The Christie","authors":"Azadeh Abravan, Corinne Faivre-Finn, Fabio Gomes, Marcel van Herk, Gareth Price","doi":"10.1038/s41416-024-02838-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41416-024-02838-w","url":null,"abstract":"Comorbidities have been shown to impact the presentation and treatment of patients with cancers. This study investigates the prevalence and patterns of comorbidity in a pan-cancer cohort of patients treated at a large UK specialist cancer center over a 9-year period. A retrospective review of 77,149 patients from 01/01/2014 to 15/12/2022 was conducted using the Adult Comorbidity Evaluation 27 score (ACE-27) to assess the burden of comorbidities across 12 organ systems and an overall comorbidity burden. Binary and multinomial logistic regressions were utilized to evaluate the relationships between comorbidity incidence and demographic and socio-economic factors. At the time of diagnosis, 59.7% of patients had at least one comorbidity, with the highest prevalence in lung cancer and the lowest in brain/CNS and endocrine gland cancers. Cardiovascular comorbidities were the most frequent. Comorbidity severity was higher in patients from more deprived areas. Age and performance status were associated with a higher incidence of all comorbidities examined. Patients with advanced stage had a lower risk of having a severe comorbidity burden. Comorbidities are common across all cancers but are more prevalent in certain patient populations. Further research to understand the implications of comorbidities in cancer management is needed.","PeriodicalId":9243,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Cancer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41416-024-02838-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142131892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The scienthetic method: from Aristotle to AI and the future of medicine","authors":"Karim I. Budhwani","doi":"10.1038/s41416-024-02841-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41416-024-02841-1","url":null,"abstract":"While AI holds immense potential for accelerating advances in oncology, we must be intentional in developing and applying these technologies responsibly, equitably, and ethically. One path forward is for cancer care providers and researchers to be among the architects of AI and its adoption in medicine. Given the limitations of traditional top-down, hypothesis-driven design in an exponentially expanding data universe, on one hand, and the danger of spiraling into artificial ignorance (ai) from rushing into a purely ‘synthetic’ method on the other, this article proposes a ‘scienthetic’ method that synergizes AI with human wisdom. Tracing philosophical underpinnings of the scientific method from Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle to the present, it examines the critical juncture at which AI stands to either augment or undermine new knowledge. The scienthetic method seeks to harness the power and capabilities of AI responsibly, equitably, and ethically to transcend the limitations of both the traditional scientific method and purely synthetic methods, by intentionally weaving machine intelligence together with human wisdom.","PeriodicalId":9243,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Cancer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142124877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dzenis Koca, Behnoush Abedi-Ardekani, Joel LeMaoult, Laurent Guyon
{"title":"Peritumoral tissue (PTT): increasing need for naming convention","authors":"Dzenis Koca, Behnoush Abedi-Ardekani, Joel LeMaoult, Laurent Guyon","doi":"10.1038/s41416-024-02828-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41416-024-02828-y","url":null,"abstract":"Various terms are used to describe non-malignant tissue located in the proximity of a tumor, belonging to the organ from which the tumor originated. Traditionally, these tissues, sometimes called “normal adjacent tissue” have been used as controls in cancer studies, and were considered representative of morphologically healthy, non-cancerous tissue. However, with the advancement of OMIC technologies, such tissues are increasingly recognized to be distinct from both tumor and healthy tissues. Furthermore, properties, characteristics, and role of these tissues in cancer formation and progression is increasingly studied. In order to make future research in this area more harmonized and more accessible, as well as to counter the widespread perception of normalcy, we are advocating the need for standardized naming convention. For this purpose, we propose the use of neutral and comprehensive term “Peritumoral Tissue” along with the acronym “PTT”. While significant amount of data on these tissues are publicly available, reuse of such data remains limited due to a lack of information on sample collection procedures. In order to facilitate future reuse of the data, we suggest a list of features that should be documented during sample collection procedures. These recommendations can aid the definition of Standard Operating Procedures.","PeriodicalId":9243,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Cancer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41416-024-02828-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142119019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficacy and safety evaluation of androgen deprivation therapy-based combinations for metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","authors":"Tianqi Wang, Xiaoyu Wang, Guixin Ding, Hongquan Liu, Xiaohong Ma, Jian Ma, Yuanshan Cui, Jitao Wu","doi":"10.1038/s41416-024-02823-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41416-024-02823-3","url":null,"abstract":"This systematic review and network meta-analysis aimed to assess the comparative effectiveness and safety profiles of current combination therapies based on androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for the heterogeneous population of individuals with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC). We retrieved pertinent literature from PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, and international conference databases. The study was registered in the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42023453853) for transparency. Our analysis included 20 RCTs involving 14,995 patients, evaluating 15 ADT-based combinations, including systemic therapies, radiotherapy and surgery. In the overall population, the darolutamide triplet (DARO + docetaxel + ADT) demonstrated comparable overall survival (OS) benefits to prostatectomy/radical local therapy (RLT) plus ADT (hazard ratio [HR], 0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.43–1.57). Additionally, the enzalutamide (ENZ) triplet (ENZ + DOC + ADT) appeared to confer the best progression-free survival (HR, 0.34; 95% CI: 0.27–0.43). Subgroup analysis based on metastatic burden indicated that RLT plus ADT had the best OS performance in patients with low burden, while the DARO triplet was associated with the best OS in patients with high burden. Regarding adverse events (AEs), the addition of certain androgen receptor pathway inhibitor (ARPI) agents to ADT led to an increased incidence of severe AEs, while the addition of DOC to the ARPI doublet did not appear to elevate the exposure-adjusted incidence rates. Our findings suggest that combined treatments result in better survival outcomes than does ADT alone. In the current landscape of systemic therapy, the significance of local therapy should not be underestimated, and therapeutic decisions should be tailored with meticulous consideration of clinical heterogeneity among patients.","PeriodicalId":9243,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Cancer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142119018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}