BiotargetPub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.21037/BIOTARGET.2018.10.01
B. Stork, N. Ventura
{"title":"Targeting the BECN1-BCL2 autophagy regulatory complex to promote longevity","authors":"B. Stork, N. Ventura","doi":"10.21037/BIOTARGET.2018.10.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/BIOTARGET.2018.10.01","url":null,"abstract":"Several studies in the past two decades established an evolutionarily conserved and tight relationship between autophagy and ageing. Model organisms such as the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae , the soil dueling worm Caenorhabditis elegans and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster , have been instrumental for the identification of key genes regulating a variety of pathophysiological processes and signaling, including ageing and associated pathologies (1).","PeriodicalId":92338,"journal":{"name":"Biotarget","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21037/BIOTARGET.2018.10.01","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41711124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiotargetPub Date : 2018-09-11DOI: 10.21037/BIOTARGET.2018.10.02
P. Cordelier
{"title":"Simultaneous profiling of multiple genomic variations using a CRISPR-Cas9 high-throughput strategy","authors":"P. Cordelier","doi":"10.21037/BIOTARGET.2018.10.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/BIOTARGET.2018.10.02","url":null,"abstract":"In the paper untitled “high-throughput creation and functional profiling of DNA sequence variant libraries using CRISP-Cas9 in yeast” (1) published online in May 2018 in Nature Biotechnology, George M. Church, an eminent expert in CRISPR-Cas9 biology and technology, makes, yet another, giant step in the field of genomics.","PeriodicalId":92338,"journal":{"name":"Biotarget","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46357703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiotargetPub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.21037/BIOTARGET.2018.08.04
F. Nazio, F. Cecconi
{"title":"The complexity of the ubiquitination code is driven by bacteria","authors":"F. Nazio, F. Cecconi","doi":"10.21037/BIOTARGET.2018.08.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/BIOTARGET.2018.08.04","url":null,"abstract":"Protein ubiquitination is a post-translational modification dynamically regulated, and is involved in many processes to maintain a balanced functioning of cellular pathways.","PeriodicalId":92338,"journal":{"name":"Biotarget","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45595558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiotargetPub Date : 2018-08-01DOI: 10.21037/BIOTARGET.2018.08.01
F. Loscocco, G. Visani, A. Isidori
{"title":"ENL YEATS domain: targeting the acute myeloid leukemia epigenome","authors":"F. Loscocco, G. Visani, A. Isidori","doi":"10.21037/BIOTARGET.2018.08.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/BIOTARGET.2018.08.01","url":null,"abstract":"Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematological cancer characterized by the quick proliferation and accumulation of immature myeloid cells in the bone marrow, with an impaired differentiation program.","PeriodicalId":92338,"journal":{"name":"Biotarget","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46120511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiotargetPub Date : 2018-07-01DOI: 10.21037/BIOTARGET.2018.07.01
T. Welting, M. Karperien, J. Post
{"title":"NKX3.2 plays a key role in regulating HIF1α-directed angiogenesis in chondrocytes","authors":"T. Welting, M. Karperien, J. Post","doi":"10.21037/BIOTARGET.2018.07.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/BIOTARGET.2018.07.01","url":null,"abstract":"The cellular fraction of cartilage is mainly composed of one single cell type, the chondrocyte, which secretes, shapes and maintains the cartilaginous matrix that functions, in the case of epiphyseal cartilage, as the template for bone elongation. The biomechanical properties of cartilage are dependent mainly on the composition, as well as the macromolecular integrity of its matrix contributing to the functional and phenotypic differences between cartilage subtypes (1). For example, articular cartilage (AC) is a highly resilient tissue that allows low-friction joint articulation. In contrast, growth plate (GP) cartilage is populated by highly proliferative chondrocytes that undergo hypertrophic differentiation in an angiogenesis-promoting spatiotemporal manner, serving as a mold for longitudinal bone growth. As such, an in sharp contrast to AC, GP cartilage is a transient tissue and is replaced by bone in a process known as endochondral ossification (2).","PeriodicalId":92338,"journal":{"name":"Biotarget","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21037/BIOTARGET.2018.07.01","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49474895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiotargetPub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.21037/biotarget.2018.05.03
Maryna Gorelik, S. Sidhu
{"title":"Regulation of SCF E3 ligase activity by Cand1","authors":"Maryna Gorelik, S. Sidhu","doi":"10.21037/biotarget.2018.05.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/biotarget.2018.05.03","url":null,"abstract":"Ubiquitination, which targets proteins for degradation or modifies their activity, is central to cellular function. Proteins controlling ubiquitination have attracted a lot of attention as potential therapeutic targets for a variety of diseases.","PeriodicalId":92338,"journal":{"name":"Biotarget","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21037/biotarget.2018.05.03","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41625061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiotargetPub Date : 2018-04-09DOI: 10.21037/biotarget.2018.08.03
T. Hattori
{"title":"New function of Tip60 in controlling triacylglycerol synthesis","authors":"T. Hattori","doi":"10.21037/biotarget.2018.08.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/biotarget.2018.08.03","url":null,"abstract":"The HIV Tat-interactive protein, 60 kDa (Tip60) was originally identified as a cellular acetyltransferase belonging to the MYST (MOZ, Ybf2/Sas3, Sas2 and Tip60) family.","PeriodicalId":92338,"journal":{"name":"Biotarget","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44396038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiotargetPub Date : 2018-04-09DOI: 10.21037/BIOTARGET.2018.08.02
D. Scheunemann, A. Pradhan, Swadesh K. Das, D. Sarkar, L. Emdad, P. Fisher
{"title":"Wnt7a and miR-370-3p: new contributors to bladder cancer invasion.","authors":"D. Scheunemann, A. Pradhan, Swadesh K. Das, D. Sarkar, L. Emdad, P. Fisher","doi":"10.21037/BIOTARGET.2018.08.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/BIOTARGET.2018.08.02","url":null,"abstract":"In eukaryotes, microRNAs (miRNAs) are central regulators of gene expression. These small noncoding RNAs are about 19–24 nucleotides long (1). miRNAs can silence gene expression by binding to a complementary sequence in the 3'-UTR of the target gene, which then triggers mRNA degradation.","PeriodicalId":92338,"journal":{"name":"Biotarget","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21037/BIOTARGET.2018.08.02","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43703723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiotargetPub Date : 2017-12-01Epub Date: 2017-12-13DOI: 10.21037/biotarget.2017.12.01
L Shannon Holliday
{"title":"Vacuolar H<sup>+</sup>-ATPases (V-ATPases) as therapeutic targets: a brief review and recent developments.","authors":"L Shannon Holliday","doi":"10.21037/biotarget.2017.12.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/biotarget.2017.12.01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vacuolar H<sup>+</sup>-ATPases (V-ATPases) are multi-subunit enzymes that play housekeeping roles in eukaryotic cells by acidifying lysosomes, late endosomes, Golgi, and other membrane-bounded compartments. Beyond that, V-ATPases have specialized functions in certain cell types linked to diseases including osteoporosis and cancer. Efforts to identify strategies to develop inhibitors selective for V-ATPases that are involved in disease progression have been ongoing for more than two decades, but so far have not yielded a therapeutic agent that has been translated to the clinic. Recent basic science studies have identified unexpected roles for V-ATPases in nutrient and energy sensing, and renin/angiotensin signaling, which offer additional incentives for considering V-ATPases as therapeutic targets. This article briefly reviews efforts to utilize inhibitors of V-ATPases as drugs. Primary focus is on recent \"rational\" efforts to identify small molecule inhibitors of the V-ATPases that are selectively expressed in osteoclasts and cancer cells. Enoxacin and bis-enoxacin are two molecules that emerged from these efforts. These molecules block a binding interaction between V-ATPases and microfilaments that occurs in osteoclasts, but not most other cell types, which relates to the specialized function of V-ATPases in bone resorption. Enoxacin and bis-enoxacin have proven useful in the treatment of bone diseases and cancer in animal models and display therapeutic effects that are different, and perhaps better, than current drugs. These results provide evidence that agents targeting subsets of V-ATPases may prove useful in the clinic.</p>","PeriodicalId":92338,"journal":{"name":"Biotarget","volume":"1 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21037/biotarget.2017.12.01","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37128906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiotargetPub Date : 2017-09-01Epub Date: 2017-09-19DOI: 10.21037/biotarget.2017.08.04
Anuradha Moirangthem, Tushar Patel
{"title":"Mesenchymal stem cell derived extracellular vesicles: a promising new therapeutic approach for hepatic injury.","authors":"Anuradha Moirangthem, Tushar Patel","doi":"10.21037/biotarget.2017.08.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/biotarget.2017.08.04","url":null,"abstract":"Liver injury is a serious condition which may often lead to hepatic failure. It can occur as a consequence of insults and toxicity related to viral hepatitis, drugs, ischemia, alcohol, drugs, metabolic diseases or autoimmune disease. Liver transplantation may be required in cases of acute or fulminant liver failure beyond the capacity of the liver to repair and regenerate. While this is an effective treatment option, the scarcity of organ donors, and the medical, financial and socioeconomic factors limit its utility. New approaches to ameliorate liver injury are needed.","PeriodicalId":92338,"journal":{"name":"Biotarget","volume":"1 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21037/biotarget.2017.08.04","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36488760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}