Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science最新文献_第5页

Facial Image Generation with Limited Training Data 有限训练数据下的面部图像生成

Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science Pub Date : 2023-04-18 DOI: 10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.973

Ethan Bevan, Jason Rafe Miller

引用次数: 0

Comparing dietary intake of free-feeding to feeding in restrained imaging chamber environments using seven days post fertilization larvae. 利用受精后7天的幼虫，比较自由饲养与限制成像室环境下饲养的日粮摄取量。

Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science Pub Date : 2023-04-18 DOI: 10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.1000

Chandler Russell, D. Parnell, J. Orell, J. Walters

{"title":"Comparing dietary intake of free-feeding to feeding in restrained imaging chamber environments using seven days post fertilization larvae.","authors":"Chandler Russell, D. Parnell, J. Orell, J. Walters","doi":"10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.1000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.1000","url":null,"abstract":"Heart disease and diabetes are both in the top ten for leading causes of death in the United States with both being linked to obesity. Studying human metabolism can prove difficult due to ethical concerns with human subjects but zebrafish larvae (Danio rerio) are optically transparent. Zebrafish larvae at seven days post fertilization also have fully formed digestive tracts and are actively seeking new food due to exhausting their supply of egg yolk. Free feeding environments are typically the standard when introducing new food to the larvae but lack versatility in their imaging. The Walters lab microfluidic chip can image larvae before, during, and after their introduction to the diet. To prove the two types of feeding environments were compared by using fluorescent digestive markers mixed into high fat diets. The free fed larvae were put into a well filled with diet and allowed to feed for three hours while sat on a orbital shaker inside of a 28 degrees Celsius incubator. After three hours, these larvae were rinsed out and imaged. The microfluidic chip larvae were mounted into the chip and fed the diet while inside and under the same Zeiss Discovery V8 microscope the freely fed larvae were imaged under. Future predictions for this data were that the larvae would consume slightly less diet inside of the microfluidic chip than the larvae in free feed. Results for this are still ongoing but seem to lead towards supporting the hypothesis.","PeriodicalId":92280,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72985555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Roles of dendritic cells and macrophages during Chlamydia muridarum genital infection in stressed mice 树突状细胞和巨噬细胞在应激小鼠生殖道衣原体感染中的作用

Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science Pub Date : 2023-04-18 DOI: 10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.982

Daniel Baker

{"title":"Roles of dendritic cells and macrophages during Chlamydia muridarum genital infection in stressed mice","authors":"Daniel Baker","doi":"10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.982","url":null,"abstract":"It is well known that stress has a significant impact on public health and more evidence shows that stressors generally are greater in populations of lower socioeconomic status. Cold-induced stress inhibits immune cell activity and has been shown to cause different expressions of cytokine profiles during Chlamydia muridarum genital infection. Dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages(MØ) are immune cells that express beta2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) and with key roles during chlamydia genital infection. This study is aimed to investigate the role of β2-AR by using a β2-AR knockout mouse. Wildtype (WT) and β2-AR knockout(KO) mice were stressed for five minutes daily and infected with C. muridarum intravaginally. Non-stressed infected mice of the groups were used as controls. Bone-marrow-derived DCs and MØ were tested isolated, counted differentiated, and proliferated for cytokine production. The proliferation of DCs and macrophages in the presence/absence of β2-AR agonists and antagonists was tested. Data show that non-stressed mice had a higher production of cytokines than stressed mice. Increased production of TNF-α in LPS-treated DCs and MØ of WT and β2-AR KO was observed. The effect of fenoterol and ICI118,55 antagonist showed no significant difference in cytokine production. The data indicate that β2-AR KO and WT had a similar pattern of cytokine production suggesting that deficiency in β2-AR restores the function of immune cells during genital infection. Experiments are undergoing to fully understand the mechanisms involved in modulating the function of DC and MØ during chlamydia genital infection.","PeriodicalId":92280,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89676654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hypoxia increases Neisseria gonorrhoeae resistance to resazomycins: Role of Efflux Pumps and Oxidative Stress 缺氧增加淋病奈瑟菌对雷唑霉素的耐药性:外排泵和氧化应激的作用

Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science Pub Date : 2023-04-18 DOI: 10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.967

J. Gibson

{"title":"Hypoxia increases Neisseria gonorrhoeae resistance to resazomycins: Role of Efflux Pumps and Oxidative Stress","authors":"J. Gibson","doi":"10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.967","url":null,"abstract":"Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ng) has developed resistance to all antibiotics previously and currently recommended for treatment of gonorrhea, underscoring the need for novel antimicrobials against this pathogen. Resazomycins are highly effective antimicrobials against Ng in vitro. However, when these compounds were tested in a mouse model of gonorrhea, only one resazomycin, resorufin pentyl ether (RPE), exhibited any therapeutic effect. One reason for this difference between in vitro and in vivo therapeutic efficacy is increased resistance to resazomycins at low levels of oxygen (2%). We hypothesized this difference in susceptibility was due to altered activity of multi-drug efflux pumps. To test this, we screened a selection of Ngmutants that do not express or overexpress either the MtrCDE or NorM efflux pumps for Rz susceptibility. Overexpression of MtrCDE resulted in increased resistance to Rz at both 2% and ~20% oxygen suggesting resazurin may be a substrate of this efflux pump. Loss of expression of either MtrCDE or NorM had no effect on the increased resistance of Ng to resazurin at low oxygen. We next sought to determine whether the increased susceptibility of Rz at 20% oxygen is due to oxidative stress. To test this, we measured the susceptibility of Ng to Rz in the presence and absence of the antioxidants, cysteine HCl and glutathione, at 20% oxygen. In the presence of cysteine HCl or glutathione, multiple Ng strains had a higher Rz MIC at 20% oxygen. Here, we have shown oxygen concentration affects Ngsusceptibility to Rz due to increased oxidative stress.","PeriodicalId":92280,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82755770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Identification of Fungal Isolates Capable of Inhibiting Growth of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus 抑制耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌生长的真菌分离株的鉴定

Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science Pub Date : 2023-04-18 DOI: 10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.972

Madelyn K. Logan, S. Cantlay, Joseph Horzempa

引用次数: 0

NSF S-STEM Program - Supporting Undergraduate Cohorts of Career-Ready Engineering and Science Scholars (SUCCESS) Project at WVU Tech – Year 2 updates NSF S-STEM计划-支持西弗吉尼亚理工大学工程和科学学者本科群体(SUCCESS)项目-第二年更新

Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science Pub Date : 2023-04-18 DOI: 10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.1008

Kenan Hatipoglu, Yogendra Panta, Cao Thang Bui, Tamara Floyd-Smith, Joan Neff

{"title":"NSF S-STEM Program - Supporting Undergraduate Cohorts of Career-Ready Engineering and Science Scholars (SUCCESS) Project at WVU Tech – Year 2 updates","authors":"Kenan Hatipoglu, Yogendra Panta, Cao Thang Bui, Tamara Floyd-Smith, Joan Neff","doi":"10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.1008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.1008","url":null,"abstract":"The SUCCESS project’s main goal is to recruit, retain, and graduate low-income STEM students at WVU Tech and this abstract contains updates for Year 2. The recruitment activities started in early 2021 and continued during the summer of 2021 to form Cohort 1 and during the summer of 2022 to form Cohort 2. Currently, there are 19 scholars/students in the program. 12 new students (10 Computer Science (CS) and 2 Information Systems (IS) majors) were accepted in Fall 2022 and these 12 students are forming Cohort 2. 6 students were accepted into Electrical Engineering (EE) (4), Computer Engineering (CpE) (1), and CS (1) programs in Fall 2021. 2 EE and 1 CS students entered the program in Spring 2022. Two students (both EEs) stopped out of school for mainly their personal issues. These 7 students are forming Cohort 1. So far, scholars have completed at least one entrepreneurship course, attended career fairs, met with industry mentors, and attended senior design presentation events. Some of the scholars work with faculty on research projects. Students are actively engaging with the IEEE/ACM student branches and some of the scholars took leadership positions in these organizations. The SUCCESS team is regularly collecting and analyzing feedback from scholars to ensure that the necessary improvements are implemented. Every semester, scholars’ feedback is collected through pre-, mid-, and post-surveys. These surveys provide insights into scholars’ course/program performance, career updates, and also the level of persistence toward their program of study and entrepreneurship minor. This project is funded by NSF DUE S-STEM Program from 2021-2026.","PeriodicalId":92280,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135972605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Efficacy, Toxicity & Pharmacology of Dillapiole: a potential new treatment for Tularemia 迪拉普利的疗效、毒性和药理作用:一种治疗兔热病的新方法

Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science Pub Date : 2023-04-18 DOI: 10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.977

Elio Delatore III, Joseph Horzempa, Zachary T Clark, Megan A Ayala

{"title":"The Efficacy, Toxicity & Pharmacology of Dillapiole: a potential new treatment for Tularemia","authors":"Elio Delatore III, Joseph Horzempa, Zachary T Clark, Megan A Ayala","doi":"10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.977","url":null,"abstract":"Francisella tularensis, a highly infectious bacterium, is the causative agent of Tularemia (rabbit fever). Categorized by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention as a Category A bioterrorism agent, Francisella tularensis is of the highest level of concern. Previously, we identified that dillapiole, a compound extracted from fennel, dampens F. tularensis virulence gene expression. While having no apparent effect on the viability of F. tularensis, treatment with this compound leads to reduced bacterial viability during in vitro infection of THP-1 monocytes and RAW 264.7 macrophages. In this study, we sought to determine if dillapiole exhibited a therapeutic effect in vivo, and to characterize the toxicity and pharmacology of this compound. In a murine tularemia model, female mice treated with dillapiole trended toward increased survival compared to those treated with the vehicle. However, dillapiole- or vehicle-treated male mice showed increased mortality compared to the females, suggesting gender-specific differences in the murine immune response to F. tularensis. Dillapiole was not toxic to HEK-293 cells in vitro, nor was this compound toxic to primary human hepatocytes when tested up to a concentration of 11 mg/ml (50 mM). Dillapiole was shown to be relatively stable in human, rat, and mouse plasma with a half-life greater than 120 minutes in all cases. However, this compound showed moderately high binding to plasma proteins (86% in human plasma and 75% in mouse plasma). In addition, while dillapiole showed moderate clearance by human and rat liver microsomes, mouse liver microsomes exhibited high clearance. Collectively, these data could explain the minimal efficacy observed in vivo. Therefore, future investigations should involve the rat infection model to determine the potential efficacy of dillapiole as a novel treatment for tularemia.","PeriodicalId":92280,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science","volume":"144 9‐12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72388802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Examination of Gunshot Residue and Lead Exposure 枪击残留物和铅暴露的检验

Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science Pub Date : 2023-04-18 DOI: 10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.995

Linsee Mullennex, Kristy Henson

{"title":"An Examination of Gunshot Residue and Lead Exposure","authors":"Linsee Mullennex, Kristy Henson","doi":"10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.995","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the longevity of gunshot residue (GSR) for lead-based and lead-free ammunition and verifies that lead-free ammunition is truly lead-free. While a GSR presumptive test is not a definitive answer to whether GSR is explicitly present, it gives law enforcement an idea of whether to consider if more expensive testing is needed. This research will also highlight whether different means of examination for GSR in a forensic setting are necessary due to the evolving variety of lead-free ammunition entering the market. \u0000 Switching to lead-free ammunition will significantly reduce lead exposure. Lead shows high toxicity for many organisms but continues to be dumped into the environment in large quantities. Lead poisoning can cause side effects such as anemia, infertility, and vitamin D deficiency. \u0000 Ward’s Gunshot Residue Presumptive Kit and Sherlock Instant Lead Test Kit were used in this research to indicate the presence of lead, barium, and antimony with color change using a specific sequence of chemicals. Ward’s Gunshot Residue Presumptive test was tested during three scenarios in which a firearm was discharged. The Sherlock Instant Lead Test Kit was used to swab all ammunition advertised as lead-free such as the primer, gunshot residue, casing, and bullet. \u0000 In conclusion, Ward’s Gunshot Residue Presumptive Kit was not sensitive enough to use in real-life scenarios and yielded no results. The Sherlock Instant Lead Test Kit confirmed that lead-free ammunition is truly lead-free, reducing lead exposure when firing a gun and potentially creating issues when examining GSR (lead specifically) in forensics settings.","PeriodicalId":92280,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80028267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Examination and Assessment of the Environmental Health of a Non-Acid Mining Drainage Site 某非酸性矿山排水场地环境健康检测与评价

Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science Pub Date : 2023-04-18 DOI: 10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.989

Kamden Dulaney, M. Flood

引用次数: 0

Basic Cryptographic Concepts and Open Problems in Hash Function Security 哈希函数安全性中的基本密码学概念和开放问题

Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science Pub Date : 2023-04-18 DOI: 10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.993

J. Smith, Donald Mills

{"title":"Basic Cryptographic Concepts and Open Problems in Hash Function Security","authors":"J. Smith, Donald Mills","doi":"10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.993","url":null,"abstract":"JOHNNA SMITH, Dept of Mathematics, Shepherd University, Shepherdstown, WV, 25443, and DONALD MILLS, Dept of Computer Sciences, Mathematics, and Engineering, Shepherd University, Shepherdstown, WV, 25443. Analysis of basic cryptographic concepts and recent open problems in hash function security. \u0000 \u0000The objectives of this study are to show an understanding of cryptographic concepts as well as highlight recent open problems involving hash function security. The method of study used included reading the first five chapters of Cryptography: Theory and Practice by Stinson and Paterson as well as a recent paper that outlined open problems in hash function security. Then, written reports were delivered on the information learned which included selected proofs and solved examples. The essentials of the opening report introduce the basic elements of cryptography: cryptosystems, cryptographic tools, message integrity, protocols, and security approaches. Chapter 2 of “Cryptography” describes various types of ciphers including Shift, Substitution, Affine, Vigenère, Hill, Permutation, and Stream Ciphers, as well as how to cryptanalyze them. The third report focuses on the One-time Pad, entropy, perfect security, and cryptographic security, specifically unconditional security, as introduced by Claude Shannon in his work on information theory. Throughout the fourth report, block and stream ciphers, including substitution-permutation networks, attacks such as linear and differential cryptanalysis, and modes of operation are discussed. In the fifth report, basic concepts of cryptography, hash function and message authentication are discussed, including iterated hash function, sponge construction, and unconditionally secure MACS. Using the information learned from the previous reports, current problems in hash functions were then researched. In conclusion, open problems in hash function security include collision resistance, preimage resistance, and resistant to length extension attacks. The project was sponsored by the NSF S-STEM Grant (DUE-2130267). ","PeriodicalId":92280,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78990417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0