Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science最新文献_第4页

Differential morphometric analysis of the anterior fontanelle in an embryonic avian model of induced-thyrotoxicosis. 诱导性甲状腺毒症禽胚胎模型前囟门差异形态计量学分析。

Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science Pub Date : 2023-04-18 DOI: 10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.984

Lindsey Morais, Daron Weekley, Holly L. Racine

{"title":"Differential morphometric analysis of the anterior fontanelle in an embryonic avian model of induced-thyrotoxicosis.","authors":"Lindsey Morais, Daron Weekley, Holly L. Racine","doi":"10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.984","url":null,"abstract":"Craniosynostosis (CS) is the premature fusion of the cranial sutures during embryonic development, and this results in intracranial pressure and skull deformities. Thyrotoxicosis, specifically maternal hyperthyroidism, has been linked to the development of CS. Our lab is currently validating an avian model of thyroxine-induced CS to study the mechanism involved in thyroxine-enhanced cranial ossification. We hypothesized that thyroxine exposure will alter skull morphology. Two groups of fertilized chicken eggs were injected with saline or 25 ng T4 into the air cell on embryonic days (E) 11 and 15. A set of skulls from each group were collected on E17-19 (n = 17-21/day). They were fixed in formalin and processed using Alizarin Red whole-mount staining, imaged (superior view), and quantified to determine thyroxine-induced alteration in skull morphology. Geometric morphometric analysis using MorphoJ was performed to identify shape variation between treatment groups of the fibrous space between ossifying regions of the anterior fontanelle. These preliminary results demonstrated a significant variation in the shape of the fibrous gap between developing sutures on embryonic days 17, 18, and 19 (p<0.05). Using the same methodology, an additional set of skulls on E19 were collected from each group and processed using both Alizarin red and Alcian blue whole-mount staining to better delineate the ossifying region of bone. Analysis is currently in progress. In conclusion, these findings support that our model is successful in promoting the fusing of the cranial bones with thyroxine exposure in our avian model through altered skull morphology visualized in the anterior fontanelle.","PeriodicalId":92280,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87389831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analyzing Lung Cancer Data for Machine Learning 肺癌数据的机器学习分析

Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science Pub Date : 2023-04-18 DOI: 10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.974

Annalee Corcoran, Jason Rafe Miller

引用次数: 0

Hoop Houses Provide Optimal Conditions for Increased Crop Production Year-round 环屋为全年增加作物产量提供了最佳条件

Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science Pub Date : 2023-04-18 DOI: 10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.1012

Sue Newberry

{"title":"Hoop Houses Provide Optimal Conditions for Increased Crop Production Year-round","authors":"Sue Newberry","doi":"10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.1012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.1012","url":null,"abstract":"I worked with the non-profit organization Eco Vrindavan Inc., located in Moundsville West Virginia to grow and provide organic food to the local community. Wheeling’s Grow Ohio Valley, an organization that supports local food production, assisted in installing “hoop houses” which increase the length of the growing season and increase production. Hoop houses are unheated structures covered in plastic where crops are planted directly into the ground. While working for Eco Vrindavan Inc., I observed how hoop houses extend the growing season by keeping the ground from freezing and ensuring the survival of selected crops through winter months. During this internship, I grew, planted, and harvested various greens in order to provide produce to the community. I learned what types of greens do well in cold climates and which ones do not and I have gained experience in how to organically fertilize plants, check soil quality, and look for mites and other diseases on crops. Currently, preparation for spring planting is underway to ensure early crops of flowers and summer vegetables. Hoop houses may provide benefits to organic growers who need crops to be available all year long and help minimize labor costs by keeping pests away while ensuring temperature changes do not negatively affect crops. In the future, I hope to educate other organic growers on the benefits hoop houses provide and use what I have learned to introduce organic growing in hoop houses to more communities statewide.","PeriodicalId":92280,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84244503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Identification by DNA barcode of viable fungi captured in a teaching laboratory in West Virginia 在西弗吉尼亚州的一个教学实验室捕获的活菌的DNA条形码鉴定

Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science Pub Date : 2023-04-18 DOI: 10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.953

R. Harsh, L. Robertson

{"title":"Identification by DNA barcode of viable fungi captured in a teaching laboratory in West Virginia","authors":"R. Harsh, L. Robertson","doi":"10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.953","url":null,"abstract":"Fungi are ubiquitous and their spores are found in the air outside and within the built environment. We investigated the fungal species present in a teaching laboratory at Shepherd University. Airborne fungi were captured passively at three sites within the teaching laboratory on two different culture media. Viable fungi were isolated to pure culture and then identified by DNA barcode using the internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal DNA. Twenty-four isolates were identified to order, family, genus, or species; most isolates were not resolved to species by DNA barcode. Captured fungi belonged to Helotiales (1 isolate), Pleosporales (2 isolates), Hypocreales (1 isolate), Didymellaceae (1 isolate), Cladosporiaceae (5 isolates), Aspergillaceae (1 isolate), Sporocadaceae (1 isolate), Peniophora (1 isolate), Trichoderma (1 isolate), Penicillium (4 isolates), Fusarium (2 isolates), and Myrmecridium (1 isolate). Three fungal isolates were identified as Xenoacrodontium juglandis. These results are similar to other studies investigating the fungal community in the built environment, where Cladosporium, Penicillium, and Aspergillus are the most commonly identified genera.","PeriodicalId":92280,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88457656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Non-starved mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates cause a high death rate in strains of mice. 非饥饿粘液样铜绿假单胞菌分离株在小鼠株中引起高死亡率。

Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science Pub Date : 2023-04-18 DOI: 10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.998

Caleb Fritz

{"title":"Non-starved mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates cause a high death rate in strains of mice.","authors":"Caleb Fritz","doi":"10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.998","url":null,"abstract":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that affects many patients in a hospital setting as well as immunocompromised patients. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is resistant to many antibiotics because of the formation of biofilms and pigmentations serving as virulence factors. Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates are either mucoid or alginate-producing and non-alginate-producing (non-mucoid) isolates. The main objective of this experiment was to analyze the pathogenicity of mucoid and non-mucoid isolates in P. aeruginosa in a mouse model. We hypothesized that mucoid isolates are more pathogenic compared to non-pathogenic ones. Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates PAO1 (non-mucoid) and 2192 (mucoid) were used intranasally to infect and monitor mortality rates. Isolates starved in water for at least three months were tested for infectivity. The mucoid isolate 2192 showed a 67% death rate compared to 33% of PAO1, suggesting the mucoid is more pathogenic to BALB/c mice than the non-mucoid PAO1. The death rate of mice infected with strain DBA susceptible to P. aeruginosa infection was higher than that of the BALB/c strain. The results also suggest that non-starved bacteria are more pathogenic to mice than starved bacteria. We extend our study by infecting mouse strains under hindlimb-unloading (HU) conditions with P. aeruginosa mucoid and non-mucoid isolates. Our results show that HU conditions enhance infection, suggesting the effect of stress and physiological changes could lead to susceptibility to infection. Our data indicate that the mucoid isolate is more likely to kill all mouse strains. ","PeriodicalId":92280,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86359332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The identification of bacteria from human microbiota that inhibit the growth of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus 人类微生物群中抑制耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌生长的细菌鉴定

Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science Pub Date : 2023-04-18 DOI: 10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.978

Reagan Gray

{"title":"The identification of bacteria from human microbiota that inhibit the growth of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus","authors":"Reagan Gray","doi":"10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.978","url":null,"abstract":"Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an antibiotic-resistant bacterium and a major cause of preventable illness and death. To combat MRSA and other antibiotic-resistant pathogens, alternatives to small molecule therapeutics targeting essential biological pathways of bacteria must be identified. Staphylococci, including MRSA strains, can exist as part of the human microbiota, competing for resources and space with other microorganisms. Here, we sought to identify bacteria from the human microbiota capable of killing or inhibiting the growth of MRSA. Swabs of the nostrils and skin of two individuals were collected, one being a natural MRSA carrier, and bacteria were isolated from these samples. Of these isolates, eight showed to inhibit the growth of a MRSA strain when cross streaking. To identify these bacteria, a portion of the 16s rRNA gene of these bacteria was sequenced and compared to known bacteria in the genbank database using BLAST. Of the eight isolates, three distinct bacterial species were identified: Acinetobacter baumannii, Bacillus aerius, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Following the identification of these bacteria, we sought to determine the mechanism of inhibition. Cell lysates and extracellular material of these inhibitory bacteria were used in a disk diffusion assay which showed no observable zones of inhibition toward MRSA. This suggests that these bacteria may need to be viable and/or directly contact MRSA to mediate the inhibition of growth. To test this hypothesis, phase-contrast microscopy of co-cultured bacteria was used. While results here suggested that B. aerius directly interfered with the ability of MRSA to replicate, future studies using time-lapse microscopy of fluorescent strains of these microbes should produce data that can be more clearly interpreted. ","PeriodicalId":92280,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90285420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Active Hexose Correlated Compound as a Countermeasure against Cold-induced Stress during Chlamydia muridarum Genital Infection in Mice. 活性己糖相关化合物对鼠生殖道衣原体感染冷应激的拮抗作用。

Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science Pub Date : 2023-04-18 DOI: 10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.997

Emily Shupe

{"title":"Active Hexose Correlated Compound as a Countermeasure against Cold-induced Stress during Chlamydia muridarum Genital Infection in Mice.","authors":"Emily Shupe","doi":"10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.997","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic stress is known to suppress the immune system, but the influence of stress on the pathogenesis of Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection and host immune response remains unexplored A stress mouse model has been developed in our lab and we have demonstrated that cold-induced stress (CIS) suppresses the immune system and subsequently leads to increased intensity of Chlamydia muridaum in mice. We have started feeding mice with Active hexose correlated compound (AHCC) that may restore the function of the immune system and result in reduced C. muridarum shedding from the genital tract. During the feeding of stressed mice with AHCC, dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages bring the AHCC to T cells in the lymph node; however, the specific functions of DCs subsets in our stress model are not defined. We determined the production of cytokines by macrophages, CDs, and CD4+T in the AHCC-fed stress mice during C. muridarum genital infection. CD4+ T cells isolated from the spleen or lymph node of stressed-AHCC-fed, PBS-stressed, or non-stressed mice proliferated, and cytokine secretion was measured by ELISA. AHCC-feeding led to lower production of IL-5, IL-13, IL-10 and higher IL-12 (P<0.01) and IFN-","PeriodicalId":92280,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84938919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of chemokine signaling in habenular axon projection in zebrafish 趋化因子信号在斑马鱼缰轴突投射中的作用

Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science Pub Date : 2023-04-18 DOI: 10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.1013

Sara Roberson, Ryan M. Anderson, Catherine Stress

{"title":"The role of chemokine signaling in habenular axon projection in zebrafish","authors":"Sara Roberson, Ryan M. Anderson, Catherine Stress","doi":"10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.1013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.1013","url":null,"abstract":"The habenula is a conserved region of the brain that affects emotion and behavior, and is located in the dorsal diencephalon of zebrafish. Previous work has shown that chemokine signaling plays a significant role in the direction of habenular axon growth. The chemokine receptor cxcr4b is expressed in habenular precursors and the Cxcr4b protein is found on the newly forming habenular axons. Chemokine ligands Cxcl12a and Cxcl12b are both found in the region around the developing habenula. The focus of this research is to examine the relationship of these two chemokines to determine their respective roles in directing axon outgrowth. The relative expression domains of the two chemokine ligands are of interest, as it is unknown if their expression domains overlap. Additionally, we are identifying fish that are heterozygous for a mutation in the cxcl12b gene to examine habenular axons in larvae lacking functional Cxcl12b. To explore the role of Cxc12a we have performed overexpression experiments using a heat shock protocol in fish carrying a fluorescent marker of the habenular and its axons. However, the current transgenic method to confirm overexpression of cxcl12a interferes with visualization of the habenular region. We plan to employ a chemical protocol to validate disruption of chemokine signaling that does not compromise observation of the habenula and its axons.","PeriodicalId":92280,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76206522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

External effects on the characteristics of handwriting analysis and the analysis of forgery types. 外部影响对笔迹特征的分析及伪造类型的分析。

Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science Pub Date : 2023-04-18 DOI: 10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.971

Hannah Bonham

{"title":"External effects on the characteristics of handwriting analysis and the analysis of forgery types.","authors":"Hannah Bonham","doi":"10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.971","url":null,"abstract":"This project studies the effects of time and hand dominance on different characteristics of handwriting analysis. The handwriting characteristics that were tested are line quality, slope of writing, pen lifts, letter spacing, and word spacing. These characteristics were tested in a subject’s dominant and non-dominant handwriting. Twenty-five adult human subjects participated in this experiment. The research was split into two parts. Part one analyzed the characteristics of a subject’s dominant and non-handwriting during the morning, afternoon, and evening of (preferably) the same day. In the part one phase, participants were asked to write: \"The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.\" Part two analyzed the authenticity of a freehand, simulation, and tracing forgery. A ruler was used to quantify the handwriting characteristics. The line quality of the dominant and non-dominant hands does not change during the different sessions. The slope of the writing changes more with the non-dominant hand. The non-dominant hand has greater letter and word spacing. The dominant hand typically changed the pen lifts number more than the non-dominant hand. “Quick” was the word that had the most changes in pen lifts for both the dominant and non-dominant hand. The freehand forgery is easy to classify as a forged attempt. The simulation forgery can be distinguished from the genuine signature, but it can still be identified as a forgery. The traced forgery could pass off as a genuine signature.","PeriodicalId":92280,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79037160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Deletion of FTL_1199 to determine the role of this gene in erythrocyte invasion by Francisella tularensis. 缺失FTL_1199以确定该基因在土拉菌侵袭红细胞中的作用。

Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science Pub Date : 2023-04-18 DOI: 10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.964

Elio Delatore III, Joseph Horzempa, Stuart Cantlay, Elle Roberts

{"title":"Deletion of FTL_1199 to determine the role of this gene in erythrocyte invasion by Francisella tularensis.","authors":"Elio Delatore III, Joseph Horzempa, Stuart Cantlay, Elle Roberts","doi":"10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.964","url":null,"abstract":"Francisella tularensis is a bacterium that induces the zoonotic disease tularemia. In the course of infection, F. tularensis bacteria invade erythrocytes, a phenomenon that heightens the colonization of ticks after a blood meal. To better understand the mechanism of erythrocyte invasion, we hypothesized that transcription of bacterial genes significant in erythrocyte invasion would be upregulated upon exposure to these host cells. An RNA-seq unveiled that transcription of 7% of F. tularensis genes augment when in erythrocyte presence. Of these, we pinpointed a putative transcriptional regulator, FTL_1199. The goal was to delete FTL_1199 in F. tularensis LVS. SOE PCR amplified and duplicated the up and downstream regions of the target gene in tandem into a shuttle vector that is insecure within F. tularensis. This newly generated plasmid, pDEL1199, was mobilized inside of F. tularensis by conjugation. Merodiploid strains generated by homologous recombination were isolated and transformed with pGUTS. Expression of I-Sce1 within the merodiploid produces a double-stranded break. This breakage resulted in a second recombination that either ensued to wild-type or deletion of FTL_1199 deduced through a PCR. Finally, in DFTL_1199 strains, pGUTS was cured by successive cultivation in the absence of selection followed by replica-plating on chocolate II agar ± kanamycin. Gentamicin protection assays showed reduced levels of erythrocyte invasion for F. tularensis DFTL_1199 compared to wild type bacteria. However, complementation of FTL_1199 to the deletion mutant restored this strain’s ability to invade red blood cells. These findings demonstrate that FTL_1199 is important for erythrocyte invasion by F. tularensis.  (Supported by NIH Grant P20GM103434 to the West Virginia IDeA Network for Biomedical Research Excellence, R15HL14735 from NHLBI, and funds from the NASA West Virginia Space Grant Consortium).","PeriodicalId":92280,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135972603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0