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Estimating the Impact of Low-Income Universal Service Programs 估计低收入普遍服务项目的影响
U.S. Census Bureau Center for Economic Studies research paper series Pub Date : 2013-06-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2286294
Daniel A. Ackerberg, David R. DeRemer, M. Riordan, Gregory L. Rosston, Bradley S. Wimmer
{"title":"Estimating the Impact of Low-Income Universal Service Programs","authors":"Daniel A. Ackerberg, David R. DeRemer, M. Riordan, Gregory L. Rosston, Bradley S. Wimmer","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2286294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2286294","url":null,"abstract":"This policy study uses U.S. Census microdata to evaluate how subsidies for universal telephone service vary in their impact across low-income racial groups, gender, age, and home ownership. Our demand specification includes both the subsidized monthly price (Lifeline program) and the subsidized initial connection price (Linkup program) for local telephone service. Our quasi-maximum likelihood estimation controls for location differences and instruments for price endogeneity. The microdata allow us to estimate the effects of demographics on both elasticities of telephone penetration and the level of telephone penetration. Based on our preferred estimates, the subsidy programs increased aggregate penetration by 6.1% for households below the poverty line. Our results suggest that automatic enrollment programs are important and that Linkup is more cost-effective than Lifeline, which calls into question a recent FCC (2012) decision to reduce Linkup subsidies in favor of Lifeline. Our study can inform the evaluation of similar universal service policies for Internet access.","PeriodicalId":92154,"journal":{"name":"U.S. Census Bureau Center for Economic Studies research paper series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76232345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 19
Wage Dynamics along the Life-Cycle of Manufacturing Plants 制造业工厂生命周期的工资动态
U.S. Census Bureau Center for Economic Studies research paper series Pub Date : 2013-03-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1920701
Emin M. Dinlersoz, Henry R. Hyatt, S. Nguyen
{"title":"Wage Dynamics along the Life-Cycle of Manufacturing Plants","authors":"Emin M. Dinlersoz, Henry R. Hyatt, S. Nguyen","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1920701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1920701","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the evolution of average wage paid to employees along the life-cycle of a manufacturing plant in U.S. Average wage starts out low for a new plant and increases along with labor productivity, as the plant survives and ages. As a plant experiences productivity decline and approaches exit, average wage falls, but more slowly than it rises in the case of surviving new plants. Moreover, average wage declines slower than productivity does in failing plants, while it rises relatively faster as productivity increases in surviving new plants. These empirical regularities are studied in a dynamic model of labor quality and quantity choice by plants, where labor quality is reflected in wages. The model’s parameters are estimated to assess the costs a plant incurs as it alters its labor quality and quantity in response to changes in its productivity over its life-cycle.","PeriodicalId":92154,"journal":{"name":"U.S. Census Bureau Center for Economic Studies research paper series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79429129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Do Labor Market Networks Have an Important Spatial Dimension? 劳动力市场网络具有重要的空间维度吗?
U.S. Census Bureau Center for Economic Studies research paper series Pub Date : 2012-09-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2205213
J. Hellerstein, Mark Kutzbach, D. Neumark
{"title":"Do Labor Market Networks Have an Important Spatial Dimension?","authors":"J. Hellerstein, Mark Kutzbach, D. Neumark","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2205213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2205213","url":null,"abstract":"We test for evidence of spatial, residence-based labor market networks. Turnover is lower for workers more connected to their neighbors generally and more connected to neighbors of the same race or ethnic group. Both results are consistent with networks producing better job matches, while the latter could also reflect preferences for working with neighbors of the same race or ethnicity. For earnings, we find a robust positive effect of the overall residence-based network measure, whereas we usually find a negative effect of the same-group measure, suggesting that the overall network measure reflects productivity-enhancing positive network effects, while the same-group measure may capture a non-wage amenity.","PeriodicalId":92154,"journal":{"name":"U.S. Census Bureau Center for Economic Studies research paper series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77597699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 146
Decomposing Aggregate Trade Flows: New Evidence from U.S. Traders 分解总贸易流量:来自美国贸易商的新证据
U.S. Census Bureau Center for Economic Studies research paper series Pub Date : 2012-09-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2191586
Fariha Kamal, C. Krizan
{"title":"Decomposing Aggregate Trade Flows: New Evidence from U.S. Traders","authors":"Fariha Kamal, C. Krizan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2191586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2191586","url":null,"abstract":"Using firm-level data on export transactions, we uncover a rich set of results about the extensive margins of exporting and exporter responses during periods of global downturns. We perform our analysis with respect to firm size, age, ownership status, and sector to emphasize the role of firm heterogeneity. We uncover a larger role for firm entry and exit in changes in annual export flows of single-unit, smaller, and younger firms. Young, small firms perform best during both periods of crises as well as non-crises periods. We also decompose the margins of U.S. imports at the U.S. importer, foreign supplier, and U.S. importer-foreign supplier pair levels. While export flows are closely correlated with global business cycles, import flows more closely approximate U.S. economic cycles. Additionally, both pair and foreign supplier flows are far more volatile than U.S. import flows, that is, U.S. importer-foreign supplier matches experience more churning on average than do either U.S. importers or foreign suppliers.","PeriodicalId":92154,"journal":{"name":"U.S. Census Bureau Center for Economic Studies research paper series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80752782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Occupation Inflation in the Current Population Survey 当前人口调查中的职业膨胀
U.S. Census Bureau Center for Economic Studies research paper series Pub Date : 2012-09-01 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2205198
Jonathan D. Fisher, Christina A. Houseworth
{"title":"Occupation Inflation in the Current Population Survey","authors":"Jonathan D. Fisher, Christina A. Houseworth","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2205198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2205198","url":null,"abstract":"A common caveat often accompanying results relying on household surveys regards respondent error. There is research using independent, presumably error-free administrative data, to estimate the extent of error in the data, the correlates of error, and potential corrections for the error. We investigate measurement error in occupation in the Current Population Survey (CPS) using the panel component of the CPS to identify those that incorrectly report changing occupation. We find evidence that individuals are inflating their occupation to higher skilled and higher paying occupations than the ones they actually perform. Occupation inflation biases the education and race coefficients in standard Mincer equation results within occupations.","PeriodicalId":92154,"journal":{"name":"U.S. Census Bureau Center for Economic Studies research paper series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78511294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Evaluating the Impact of MEP Services on Establishment Performance: A Preliminary Empirical Investigation 评价环境保护服务对机构绩效的影响:初步实证研究
U.S. Census Bureau Center for Economic Studies research paper series Pub Date : 2012-07-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2160471
Christopher Ordowich, David W. Cheney, J. Youtie, A. Fernandez-Ribas, P. Shapira
{"title":"Evaluating the Impact of MEP Services on Establishment Performance: A Preliminary Empirical Investigation","authors":"Christopher Ordowich, David W. Cheney, J. Youtie, A. Fernandez-Ribas, P. Shapira","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2160471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2160471","url":null,"abstract":"This work examines the impact of manufacturing extension services on establishment productivity. It builds on an earlier study conducted by Jarmin in the 1990s, by matching the Census of Manufacturers (CMF) with the Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP) customer and activity datasets to generate treatment and comparison groups for analysis. The scope of the study is the period 1997 to 2002, which was a period of economic downturn in the manufacturing sector and budgetary challenges for the MEP. The paper presents some preliminary findings from this analysis. Both lagged dependent variable (LDV) and difference in difference (DiD) models are employed to estimate the relationship between manufacturing extension and labor productivity. The results presented are inconclusive and paint a mixed picture as they demonstrate the benefits and limitations of using Census microdata in program evaluation. They also point to the need to conduct analyses that could help to better understand the dynamic impact of MEP services.","PeriodicalId":92154,"journal":{"name":"U.S. Census Bureau Center for Economic Studies research paper series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85225224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Firm Market Power and the Earnings Distribution 企业市场支配力与收益分配
U.S. Census Bureau Center for Economic Studies research paper series Pub Date : 2011-12-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1969785
Douglas A. Webber
{"title":"Firm Market Power and the Earnings Distribution","authors":"Douglas A. Webber","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1969785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1969785","url":null,"abstract":"Using linked employer-employee data, I compute firm-level measures of the labor supply elasticity facing each private non-farm firm in the US. I provide the first direct evidence of the positive relationship between a firm's labor supply elasticity and the earnings of its workers. I also contrast the dynamic model method employed by this paper with the more traditional use of concentration ratios to measure a firm's labor market power. Finally, I construct a counterfactual earnings distribution which allows the effects of firm market power to vary across the earnings distribution.","PeriodicalId":92154,"journal":{"name":"U.S. Census Bureau Center for Economic Studies research paper series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87790065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 123
Further Evidence from Census 2000 About Earnings by Detailed Occupation for Men and Women: The Role of Race and Hispanic Origin 2000年人口普查关于男女详细职业收入的进一步证据:种族和西班牙裔的作用
U.S. Census Bureau Center for Economic Studies research paper series Pub Date : 2011-11-01 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.1957194
D. Weinberg
{"title":"Further Evidence from Census 2000 About Earnings by Detailed Occupation for Men and Women: The Role of Race and Hispanic Origin","authors":"D. Weinberg","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1957194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1957194","url":null,"abstract":"A 2004 report by the author reviewed data from Census 2000 and concluded \"There is a substantial gap in median earnings between men and women that is unexplained, even after controlling for work experience (to the extent it can be represented by age and presence of children), education, and occupation.\" This paper extends the analysis and concludes that once those characteristics are controlled for, no further explanatory power is attributable to race or Hispanic origin.","PeriodicalId":92154,"journal":{"name":"U.S. Census Bureau Center for Economic Studies research paper series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72636617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Modeling Single Establishment Firm Returns to the 2007 Economic Census 2007年经济普查单一企业收益模型
U.S. Census Bureau Center for Economic Studies research paper series Pub Date : 2011-09-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1938998
Emin M. Dinlersoz, Shawn D. Klimek
{"title":"Modeling Single Establishment Firm Returns to the 2007 Economic Census","authors":"Emin M. Dinlersoz, Shawn D. Klimek","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1938998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1938998","url":null,"abstract":"The Economic Census is one of the most important activities that the U.S. Census Bureau performs. It is critical for updating firm ownership/structure and industry information for a large number of businesses in the Census Bureau’s Business Register, impacting most other economic programs. Also, it feeds into Bureau of Economic Analysis products, such as benchmark inputoutput accounts and Gross Domestic Product. The overall check-in rate for the 2007 Economic Census was just over 86%. Establishments owned by multi-location companies returned over 90% of their forms, as compared to the roughly two million single-establishment firms sampled in the Census that returned just over 80%. We model the check-in rate for single-establishment firms by using a large number of variables that might be correlated with whether or not a firm returns a form in the Economic Census. These variables are broadly categorized as the characteristics of firms, measures of external factors, and features of the survey design. We use the model for two purposes. First, by including many of the factors that may be correlated with returns we aim to focus limited advertising and outreach resources to low-return segments of the population. Second, we use the model to investigate the efficacy of an unplanned intervention expected to increase return rates: using certified mailing for one of the form follow-ups.","PeriodicalId":92154,"journal":{"name":"U.S. Census Bureau Center for Economic Studies research paper series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75140229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Guide to the MEPS-IC Government List Sample Microdata MEPS-IC政府清单样本微数据指南
U.S. Census Bureau Center for Economic Studies research paper series Pub Date : 2011-09-01 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.1938997
Alice M. Zawacki
{"title":"A Guide to the MEPS-IC Government List Sample Microdata","authors":"Alice M. Zawacki","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1938997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1938997","url":null,"abstract":"The Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component (MEPS-IC) is conducted to provide nationally representative estimates on employer sponsored health insurance. MEPS-IC data are collected from private sector employers, as well as state and local governments. While similar information is gathered from these two sectors, differences in the survey process exist. The goal of this paper is to provide details on the public sector including types of state and local government employers, sample design, general information on the data collected in the MEPS-IC, and additional sources of information.","PeriodicalId":92154,"journal":{"name":"U.S. Census Bureau Center for Economic Studies research paper series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88921048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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