Brain, Behavior, and Immunity最新文献

{"title":"Association of Weight Status and Waist Circumference with Physical Activity in people with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders and healthy controls","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bbi.2024.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbi.2024.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Individuals with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSD) often suffer from obesity and do limited Physical Activity (PA). PA has many beneficial effects on a variety of somatic and mental variables and it should be strengthened among people with mental disorders. The relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC), and PA in this population is poorly understood, with a lack of precise PA assessment. This study investigates the association between BMI, WC, weight, and PA in individuals with SSD and controls using accelerometers.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>One hundred twenty-six patients with SSD (residents and outpatients) and 110 sex- and age-matched controls were enrolled. Clinical, sociodemographic, and quality-of-life data were collected. PA was measured with a tri-axial ActiGraph GT9X and quantified by Vector Magnitude (VM). Relationships between PA and BMI, WC, and weight changes were analysed using linear regression models.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Patients were more likely to be unmarried, unemployed, and less educated compared to controls (p &lt; 0.001). Residents had more medical comorbidities (p = 0.001), while outpatients had higher BMI, weight, and WC (p &lt; 0.001). Residents reported more severe psychopathology, lower functioning, and greater use of psychopharmacological medications (p &lt; 0.001). Higher PA levels were not significantly associated with lower BMI, WC, or weight. Although not statistically significant, increased PA showed a trend towards lower obesity risk.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Sociodemographic, medical, and clinical characteristics of individuals with SSD define vulnerability factors that can inform tailored interventions to improve PA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9199,"journal":{"name":"Brain, Behavior, and Immunity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142145204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PNIRS Society Announcements","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0889-1591(24)00586-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0889-1591(24)00586-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9199,"journal":{"name":"Brain, Behavior, and Immunity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142137185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-dose interleukin-2 in patients with bipolar depression: A phase 2 randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bbi.2024.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbi.2024.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Immune abnormalities including an insufficiency of regulatory T cells (Treg) and increased blood-based inflammatory markers have been observed in bipolar disorders (BD), particularly during depression. As Tregs are pivotal to control inflammation, Treg stimulation by low-dose IL-2 (IL-2_LD) could have a therapeutic impact on bipolar depression. We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled (2 active: 1 placebo) proof-of-concept trial of add-on IL-2_LD in patients with bipolar depression. Patients received a placebo or IL-2_LD (1MIU) once a day for 5 days, and then once a week for 4 weeks starting on week 2. The primary objective was to demonstrate a biological Treg response to IL-2_LD assessed by fold increase in Treg percentage of CD4 + cells from baseline to day 5. Secondary objectives included safety assessment and mood improvement throughout the study period. This trial is registered with <span><span>ClinicalTrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>, number NCT04133233. Fourteen patients with bipolar depression were included, with 4 receiving placebo and 10 IL-2_LD. Baseline clinical and biological characteristics were balanced between groups. The primary evaluation criterion was met, with IL-2_LD expanding 1.17 [95 % CI 1.01–1.34] vs 1.01 [95 % CI 0.90–1.12] (p = 0.0421) and activating Tregs. Secondary evaluation criteria were also met with significant improvements of depressive symptoms and global functioning from day-15 onwards in the IL-2_LD treated patients. The treatment was well-tolerated, with no serious adverse events related to treatment. This proof-of-concept trial shows that stimulating Tregs in patients with bipolar depression is safe and associated with clinical improvements. This supports a pathophysiological role of inflammation in BD and warrants pursuing the evaluation of IL-2_LD as an adjunct treatment of major mood disorders.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9199,"journal":{"name":"Brain, Behavior, and Immunity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142145202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do inflammation and relational motivation coordinate having better sex? The interplay between C-reactive protein and relational approach motivation on sexual well-being","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bbi.2024.08.054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbi.2024.08.054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Much evidence on heightened inflammation and social behavior focuses on social withdrawal. Building on recent theory (Muscatell and Inagaki, 2021), we focused instead on the socially affiliative experience of sex. We investigated the interplay between immunology and motivation on sexual well-being among 158 individuals in romantic relationships. Inflammation, indexed by C-reactive protein (CRP), and sexual well-being were measured multiple times over a month. Relational approach motivation (i.e., motivation toward rewards in relationships) was measured at study entry. Results revealed significant associations between CRP and sexual satisfaction and partnered orgasms frequency for those most motivated to approach rewards with their partner. Interaction effects were replicated with relationship-focused psychological correlates of sexual well-being (e.g., touch, shared laughter, social support), but not with individual-focused outcomes (e.g., adapting to change, goal progress). This is one of the first human studies to demonstrate the body and mind coordinate to promote satisfying sexual experiences within romantic relationships.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9199,"journal":{"name":"Brain, Behavior, and Immunity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142139310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constitutive DAMPs in CNS injury: From preclinical insights to clinical perspectives","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bbi.2024.07.047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbi.2024.07.047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are endogenous molecules released in tissues upon cellular damage and necrosis, acting to initiate sterile inflammation. Constitutive DAMPs (cDAMPs) have the particularity to be present within the intracellular compartments of healthy cells, where they exert diverse functions such as regulation of gene expression and cellular homeostasis. However, after injury to the central nervous system (CNS), cDAMPs are rapidly released by stressed, damaged or dying neuronal, glial and endothelial cells, and can trigger inflammation without undergoing structural modifications. Several cDAMPs have been described in the injured CNS, such as interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-33, nucleotides (e.g. ATP), and high-mobility group box protein 1. Once in the extracellular milieu, these molecules are recognized by the remaining surviving cells through specific DAMP-sensing receptors, thereby inducing a cascade of molecular events leading to the production and release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, as well as cell adhesion molecules. The ensuing immune response is necessary to eliminate cellular debris caused by the injury, allowing for damage containment. However, seeing as some molecules associated with the inflammatory response are toxic to surviving resident CNS cells, secondary damage occurs, aggravating injury and exacerbating neurological and behavioral deficits. Thus, a better understanding of these cDAMPs, as well as their receptors and downstream signaling pathways, could lead to identification of novel therapeutic targets for treating CNS injuries such as SCI, TBI, and stroke. In this review, we summarize the recent literature on cDAMPs, their specific functions, and the therapeutic potential of interfering with cDAMPs or their signaling pathways.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9199,"journal":{"name":"Brain, Behavior, and Immunity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889159124005750/pdfft?md5=8a4c9751a130a31e2609d7a58f6ff315&pid=1-s2.0-S0889159124005750-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142119003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"18 kDa Translocator protein (TSPO) is upregulated in rat brain after peripheral nerve injury and downregulated by diroximel fumarate","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bbi.2024.08.057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbi.2024.08.057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Neuroimmune signaling is a key process underlying neuropathic pain. Clinical studies have demonstrated that 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO), a putative marker of neuroinflammation, is upregulated in discrete brain regions of patients with chronic pain. However, no preclinical studies have investigated TSPO dynamics in the brain in the context of neuropathic pain and in response to analgesic treatments. We used positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) and [¹⁸F]-PBR06 radioligand to measure TSPO levels in the brain across time after chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve in both male and female rats. Up to 10 weeks post-CCI, TSPO expression was increased in discrete brain regions, including medial prefrontal cortex, somatosensory cortex, insular cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, motor cortex, ventral tegmental area, amygdala, midbrain, pons, medulla, and nucleus accumbens. TSPO was broadly upregulated across these regions at 4 weeks post CCI in males, and 10 weeks in females, though there were regional differences between the sexes. Using immunohistochemistry, we confirmed TSPO expression in these regions. We further demonstrated that TSPO was upregulated principally in microglia in the nucleus accumbens core, and astrocytes and endothelial cells in the nucleus accumbens shell. Finally, we tested whether TSPO upregulation was sensitive to diroximel fumarate, a drug that induces endogenous antioxidants via nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Diroximel fumarate alleviated neuropathic pain and reduced TSPO upregulation. Our findings indicate that TSPO is upregulated over the course of neuropathic pain development and is resolved by an antinociceptive intervention in animals with peripheral nerve injury.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9199,"journal":{"name":"Brain, Behavior, and Immunity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889159124005889/pdfft?md5=653e620c777dfb371d810dea863a1e0c&pid=1-s2.0-S0889159124005889-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142104433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of cytokines in acute and chronic postsurgical pain after major musculoskeletal surgeries in a quaternary pediatric center","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bbi.2024.08.056","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbi.2024.08.056","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Study Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;To determine if baseline cytokines/chemokines and their changes over postoperative days 0–2 (POD0-2) predict acute and chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) after major surgery.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Design&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Prospective, observational, longitudinal nested study.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Setting&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;University-affiliated quaternary children’s hospital.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Patients&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Subjects (≥8 years old) with idiopathic scoliosis undergoing spine fusion or pectus excavatum undergoing Nuss procedure.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Measurements&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Demographics, surgical, psychosocial measures, pain scores, and opioid use over POD0-2 were collected. Cytokine concentrations were analyzed in serial blood samples collected before and up to two weeks after surgery, using Luminex bead arrays. After data preparation, relationships between pre- and post-surgical cytokine concentrations with acute (% time in moderate-severe pain over POD0-2) and chronic (pain score &gt; 3/10 beyond 3 months post-surgery) post-surgical pain were analyzed using univariable and multivariable regression analyses with adjustment for covariates and mixed effects models were used to associate longitudinal cytokine concentrations with pain outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Main Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Analyses included 3,164 repeated measures of 16 cytokines/chemokines from 112 subjects (median age 15.3, IQR 13.5–17.0, 54.5 % female, 59.8 % pectus). Acute postsurgical pain was associated with higher baseline concentrations of GM-CSF (β = 0.95, SE 0.31; &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.003), IL-1β (β = 0.84, SE 0.36; &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.02), IL-2 (β = 0.78, SE 0.34; &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.03), and IL-12 p70 (β = 0.88, SE 0.40; &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.03) and longitudinal postoperative elevations in GM-CSF (β = 1.38, SE 0.57; &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.03), IFNγ (β = 1.36, SE 0.6; &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.03), IL-1β (β = 1.25, SE 0.59; &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.03), IL-7 (β = 1.65, SE 0.7; &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.02), and IL-12 p70 (β = 1.17, SE 0.58; &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.04). In contrast, CPSP was associated with lower baseline concentration of IL-8 (β = -0.39, SE 0.17; &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.02), and the risk of developing CPSP was elevated in patients with lower longitudinal postoperative concentrations of IL-6 (β = -0.57, SE 0.26; &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.03), IL-8 (β = -0.68, SE 0.24; &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.006), and IL-13 (β = -0.48, SE 0.22; &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.03). Covariates female (vs. male) sex and surgery type (pectus surgery vs. spine) were associated with higher odds for CPSP in baseline adjusted cytokine-CPSP association models for IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNFα, and IL-8, IL-10, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;We identified pro-inflammatory cytokine profiles associated with higher risk of acute postoperative pain. Interestingly, pleiotropic cytokine IL-6, chemokine IL-8 (which promotes neutrophil infiltration and monocyte differentiation), and monocyte-released anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-13, were associated with lower CPSP risk. Our results suggest","PeriodicalId":9199,"journal":{"name":"Brain, Behavior, and Immunity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142119042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accentuate the positive: Cultivating positive affect during treatment for stimulant use disorder can regulate the immune system","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bbi.2024.08.058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbi.2024.08.058","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9199,"journal":{"name":"Brain, Behavior, and Immunity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142104429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Herpes simplex virus type 1, dorsal root ganglia and fibromyalgia","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bbi.2024.08.052","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbi.2024.08.052","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9199,"journal":{"name":"Brain, Behavior, and Immunity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142104431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microglia depletion and repopulation do not alter the effects of cranial irradiation on hippocampal neurogenesis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bbi.2024.08.055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbi.2024.08.055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cranial radiotherapy can cause lifelong cognitive complications in childhood brain tumor survivors, and reduced hippocampal neurogenesis is hypothesized to contribute to this. Following irradiation (IR), microglia clear dead neural progenitors and give rise to a neuroinflammatory microenvironment, which promotes a switch in surviving progenitors from neuronal to glial differentiation. Recently, depletion and repopulation of microglia were shown to promote neurogenesis and ameliorate cognitive deficits in various brain injury models. In this study, we utilized the <em>Cx3cr1^{CreERt2-YFP/+}Rosa26^DTA</em>^/+ transgenic mouse model to deplete microglia in the juvenile mouse brain before subjecting them to whole-brain IR and investigated the short- and long-term effects on hippocampal neurogenesis. Within the initial 24 h after IR, the absence of microglia led to an accumulation of dead cells in the subgranular zone, and 50-fold higher levels of the chemokine C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2) in sham brains and 7-fold higher levels after IR. The absence of microglia, and the subsequent repopulation within 10 days, did neither affect the loss of proliferating or doublecortin-positive cells, nor the reduced growth of the granule cell layer. Our results argue against a role for a pro-inflammatory microenvironment in the dysregulation of hippocampal neurogenesis and suggest that the observed reduction of neurogenesis was solely due to IR.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9199,"journal":{"name":"Brain, Behavior, and Immunity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889159124005762/pdfft?md5=93be78c394653e79229af753b68f8f36&pid=1-s2.0-S0889159124005762-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142104432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}