BMC Cardiovascular Disorders最新文献

{"title":"Association of sdLDL-C/LDL-C ratio with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a case-control study.","authors":"Yuxin Yang, Tao Yan, Ya Wang, Ziying Zhang, Lehui Li, Chunfa Zhang, Ning Cao, Yuan Xia, Yuan Shen, Kun Liu, Xin Fang, Xingguang Zhang, Nan Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12872-025-04871-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12872-025-04871-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C) are key drivers of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk. This study aims to investigate the correlation between sdLDL-C/LDL-C ratio and ASCVD to provide new ideas for accurate prediction of ASCVD and identifying high-risk groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The data were derived from patients who visited the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University from January 2019 to July 2023. The relationship between the sdLDL-C/LDL-C ratio and the odds of ASCVD was analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Subgroup analysis investigates the potential effects of age, sex, hypertension disease heterogeneity, and the relationship between ASCVD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 8924 subjects with an average age of (59 ± 11) years. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that compared to the lowest quartile of sdLDL-C/LDL-C ratio, the odds of ASCVD increased by 1.39, 3.48, and 9.34 times in quartile groups 2, 3, and 4, respectively (OR values: 2.39 [95% CI 1.91-2.99], 4.48[95% CI 3.59-5.60], 10.34 [95% CI 8.08-13.22]; P < 0.001). This increasing trend was also observed in stratified analyses by age, hypertension and sex.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>An elevated sdLDL-C/LDL-C ratio is associated with an increased odds of ASCVD. The ratio's predictive ability for ASCVD occurrence surpasses that of sdLDL-C alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":9195,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cardiovascular Disorders","volume":"25 1","pages":"430"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12131646/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144207713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and associated factors of atrial fibrillation among acute stroke patients at public referral hospitals in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, 2024: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Elias Molla, Yihealem Yabebal Ayele, Tewodros Ayenew, Alemtsehay Mekonen, Agerye Kassa Yirdaw","doi":"10.1186/s12872-025-04839-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12872-025-04839-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Stroke prevalence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost are rising in Sub-Saharan Africa, where atrial fibrillation (AF) commonly associated with rheumatic valvular heart disease is prevalent. Despite this, there is a paucity of data regarding the association between atrial fibrillation and acute stroke in this region.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the prevalence of atrial fibrillation and associated factors in acute stroke patients admitted to public referral hospitals from 2020 to 2023, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Institution based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted, using sample size of 326, among acute stroke patients who were admitted to two public hospitals, from January 2020 to December 2023, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. Pre-developed check list was used to extract data from the medical registry. Data were entered using Epi data manager version 4.6 and analyzed using SPSS version 27. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used, considering a p-value of < 0.05 as statically significant, with a 95% confidence interval.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The proportion of atrial fibrillation among acute stroke patients was 29.1% (95% CI, 24.3-34.4%). The mean age of the participants was 61.63 years [SD ± 16.24]. Age ≥ 65 years (AOR = 4.37, 95% CI 1.618-11.8), hypertension (AOR = 2, 95% CI 1.12-3.5), heart failure (AOR = 4.95, 95% CI 1.7-14.3) and rheumatic heart disease (AOR = 5.7, 95% CI 1.7-18.8) were significant factors associated with atrial fibrillation in acute stroke patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study found a high prevalence of atrial fibrillation among acute stroke patients, with many cases newly diagnosed at presentation. It recommends targeted policies and screening programs to address atrial fibrillation risk factors, particularly in high-risk groups. Further large-scale research is needed to better understand the association between atrial fibrillation and stroke.</p>","PeriodicalId":9195,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cardiovascular Disorders","volume":"25 1","pages":"424"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12128489/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144198272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coronary angiogenesis in small-cell lung carcinoma: embolization of a left circumflex artery feeding vessel to a lung tumor and concurrent coronary revascularization.","authors":"Muath A Baniowda, Malak Ramzy Hroub, Abdalhakim Shubietah, Mahmoud Doudein, Qutaiba Qafisheh, Omar Hamadi, Hasan Munshi, Ahmed Hamed","doi":"10.1186/s12872-025-04889-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12872-025-04889-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) can exhibit exuberant angiogenesis, but direct arterial feeders arising from coronary vessels are exceedingly rare. We report a case of a LCX coronary artery supplying a lung tumor, successfully managed with coil embolization.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 64-year-old man with SCLC presented with a 7 × 8 cm left hilar mass, dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, hoarseness, and 18 kg weight loss. Two months after starting chemotherapy, he developed an inferior STEMI. Angiography showed proximal LAD ectasia with an atherosclerotic stenosis, total RCA occlusion (culprit lesion), and ectatic LCX branches perfusing the tumor. The RCA STEMI was addressed first with emergent revascularization, followed by PCI of the LAD and embolization of the tumor-feeding artery. Fractional flow reserve was not assessed, and aspiration thrombectomy was not performed. The LCX feeder was embolized using detachable, fiber-coated platinum microcoils delivered through a microcatheter. Post-embolization angiography confirmed complete occlusion without complications. Two-month follow-up CT demonstrated tumor regression to 4.5 × 4 cm and marked relief of dyspnea, chest pain, and hoarseness. No tissue was available to exclude microscopic tumor emboli, but angiographic features favored plaque-rupture thrombosis rather than malignant embolization.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case underscores the importance of recognizing coronary feeding arteries in lung cancer and illustrates a multidisciplinary strategy-sequential PCI and targeted embolization-that achieved both oncologic (tumor devascularization and shrinkage) and cardiac (symptom control, revascularization) goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":9195,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cardiovascular Disorders","volume":"25 1","pages":"427"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12128266/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144207714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnose underlying diseases in patients with high probability of pulmonary hypertension by combined echocardiography.","authors":"Jianping Xu, Faping Cui, Hui Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12872-025-04802-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12872-025-04802-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the literature on the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension (PH), transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is only used for risk assessment, cardiac function evaluation and prognosis judgment of pulmonary hypertension, and rarely mentioned for the diagnosis of underlying diseases. To investigate the effect of combined echocardiography on the diagnosis of underlying diseases in patients with high probability of PH.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>64 patients with high probability of PH assessed by TTE without definite diagnosis of underlying diseases were enrolled. Each patient underwent TTE, low-dose agitated saline contrast echocardiography (ASCE), transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), and low-dose ASCE in a single sequence. Ultrasonic diagnosis was divided into TTE combined with low-dose ASCE group and low-dose ASCE combined with TEE group, with clinical comprehensive diagnosis as the gold standard, evaluated diagnostic efficiency of the different combinations to the underlying diseases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sensitivity and specificity of low-dose ASCE combined with TEE in detecting underlying diseases were 86.49% and 100%, respectively. The rate of missed diagnosis by TTE combined with low-dose ASCE was 5.6-fold by low-dose ASCE combined with TEE. The compliance rate between low-dose ASCE combined with TEE and the gold standard was 92.19%. When low-dose ASCE combined with TEE is positive, the possibility of identifying underlying diseases is 100%, otherwise, the probability of idiopathic or unknown/multifactorial PH was 84.3%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The echocardiography of low dose ASCE combined with TEE can safely and efficiently assist diagnosis of underlying disease in patients with high probability of PH.</p>","PeriodicalId":9195,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cardiovascular Disorders","volume":"25 1","pages":"428"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12128330/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144207715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting the prognosis of diabetic patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: the value of the Naples prognostic score in a real-world clinical study.","authors":"Mengzhu Zhou, Xue Zhang, Xiaohua Guo, Junying Duan, Haifeng Zhang, Xing Liu, Tong Liu, Kangyin Chen, Changle Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12872-025-04849-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12872-025-04849-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Naples prognostic score (NPS) evaluates the body's systemic inflammatory and metabolic status. However, its relevance for patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is uncertain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study involved 1,485 diabetes patients following PCI from 2019 to 2023. Participants were divided into two groups based on their NPS. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Secondary endpoints included components of MACE [all-cause mortality, recurrent myocardial infarction (MI), target vessel revascularization (TVR)], as well as cardiac death and stroke.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The novel NPS model demonstrated greater predictive capacity for cardiac death in comparison to the conventional diabetes risk score (AUC: 0.711 vs. 0.560, ∆AUC: +0.151, P = 0.044).The NPS model exhibited comparable predictive power to the GRACE score with respect to MACE events, with the difference proving to be statistically non-significant (∆AUC: -0.002, P = 0.940). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed higher incidences of MACE (8.0% vs. 3.6%, P < 0.001), all-cause mortality (4.1% vs. 1.0%, P < 0.001), cardiac death (2.9% vs. 0.4%, P < 0.001), and stroke (4.1% vs. 2.2%, P = 0.035) in the high-risk NPS group compared to the low-risk group. Multivariate analysis identified high-risk NPS as an independent predictor of MACE (HR: 2.34; 95% CI: 1.50-3.67; P < 0.001), all-cause mortality (HR: 4.20; 95% CI: 1.95-9.04; P < 0.001), and cardiac death (HR: 6.68; 95% CI: 2.25-19.85; P < 0.001). These associations remained significant after adjusting for multiple risk factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High-risk NPS correlates with a higher incidence of cardiovascular events in diabetic patients following PCI. Additionally, NPS is a more reliable predictor of survival outcomes than other inflammatory and metabolic indicators.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9195,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cardiovascular Disorders","volume":"25 1","pages":"425"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12128268/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144198271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine-learning model for predicting left atrial thrombus in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.","authors":"Wanli Xiong, Qiqi Cao, Lu Jia, Min Chen, Tao Liu, Qingyan Zhao, Yanhong Tang, Bo Yang, Li Li, Shaobo Shi, He Huang, Congxin Huang","doi":"10.1186/s12872-025-04847-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12872-025-04847-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Left atrial thrombus (LAT) poses a significant risk for stroke and other thromboembolic complication in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and predictors of LAT in patients with paroxysmal AF, utilizing machine learning techniques based on data from the Chinese Atrial Fibrillation study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A large-scale multi-center retrospective study was conducted involving patients diagnosed with non-valvular paroxysmal AF. LAT incidence was assessed, and potential risk factors were analyzed. Machine learning algorithms, including decision tree, random forest, AdaBoost, k-Nearest Neighbor, and logistic regression, were employed to develop a predictive model for LAT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 49,515 patients with paroxysmal AF, 1,058 patients (2.1%, 95% CI 2.0%-2.3%) were identified with LAT. Sixty-one variables were initially included to train machine learning models, with the random forest algorithm demonstrating the best predictive performance (AUC 0.833, 95%CI 0.730-0.924). The final model, refined to include nine essential features, achieved an AUC of 0.787 (95%CI 0.670-0.883). Calibration analysis indicated no significant difference between predicted and observed values (p = 0.181). The median predicted probabilities of LAT across quintiles were 2.3%, 7.0%, 11.8%, 16.6%, and 21.5%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This simplified prediction model effectively identifies the risk of LAT in patients with paroxysmal AF, providing a valuable tool for clinical decision-making. Further studies are needed to explore AF management and risk stratification in other AF subtypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9195,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cardiovascular Disorders","volume":"25 1","pages":"429"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12131748/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144207716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological changes in polyester prosthesis geometry after open aortic repair.","authors":"Joseph Kletzer, Wanda Buechner, Martin Czerny, Roman Gottardi, Tim Berger, Aleksandar Dimov, Mario Lescan, Maximilian Kreibich, Stoyan Kondov","doi":"10.1186/s12872-025-04851-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12872-025-04851-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Aim of this study was to assess geometrical changes of implanted Dacron grafts following open surgical ascending aortic replacement.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Geometrical Dacron graft changes were analysed during the postoperative follow-up of 215 who received ascending aortic surgery between 02/2010 and 12/2020. Data was analysed using a linear mixed effects model over long-term follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One-hundred forty-five (67%) patients of our cohort were male, with a median age of 61 years 52-71.5). Most patients had a history of hypertension (79%). Proximal diameter of the implanted grafts grew at a rate of 0.251 cm (0.181-0.328 cm; p < 0.001) per year. In contrast, distal diameter stayed constant over time (0.019 cm; -0.048-0.135 cm; p = 0.366), while prosthesis length measured at the centreline decreased at a rate of -0.835 cm (-0.969 cm - -0.581 cm; p < 0.001) per year.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In contrast to the native aorta, Dacron grafts seem to decrease in length over time. At the same time, there is a significant increase in proximal diameter. The specific dimensional changes, and differences to the nominal graft dimensions, should be considered at the time of graft implantation to ensure a durable platform for secondary aortic interventions.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable. IRB: 04/02/2021 (No. 20-1302).</p>","PeriodicalId":9195,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cardiovascular Disorders","volume":"25 1","pages":"426"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12128550/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144207717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term safety and efficacy of ivabradine after direct percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure: a single-center retrospective study.","authors":"Xiaohua Guo, Wenwen Yang, Yingchao Cui, Rongxin Guo, Yangyang Zhu, Tong Liu, Kangyin Chen, Changle Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12872-025-04854-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12872-025-04854-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There are few studies on the long-term efficacy and safety of ivabradine in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated by heart failure. We aimed to assess the above questions and provide clinical experience.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study enrolled patients with AMI complicated by heart failure who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) from January 2022 to June 2023. Based on the discharge medications, patients were stratified into two groups: (1) the ivabradine group (receiving ivabradine with or without β-blockers) and (2) the β-blocker monotherapy group (control). Efficacy effects included in-hospital heart rate control, all-cause mortality, and heart failure readmission. Safety effects comprised recurrent myocardial infarction and recurrent angina rehospitalization. The initial cohort comprised 517 patients, excluding 62 who discontinued ivabradine, leaving 455 for analysis  (ivabradine group: n = 101; β-blocker group: n = 354). Following 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM), 92 matched pairs were available for analysis. Potential confounding variables were adjusted through robust Cox proportional hazards regression modeling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Post-treatment, heart rate at discharge significantly decreased in both groups, with the ivabradine group demonstrating lower values than the β-blocker group (P < 0.05). At 2-year follow-up (post- PSM), the ivabradine group showed a reduced risk of heart failure readmission compared to the β-blocker group (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.32; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.13-0.77; P = 0.012). However, no significant intergroup difference was observed in all-cause mortality (HR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.41-2.61; P = 0.937). No significant differences were observed between the two groups in the safety endpoints, including recurrent myocardial infarction or rehospitalization for angina.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Early administration of ivabradine following PCI in patients with AMI complicated by heart failure can lower resting heart rate and is beneficial in reducing the risk of rehospitalization for heart failure. However, these findings support further investigation in future large prospective studies.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9195,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cardiovascular Disorders","volume":"25 1","pages":"422"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12125783/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144191477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanism of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase promoting lower extremity varicose veins development via cytoskeletal dynamics.","authors":"Yongmei Zhang, Zhinan Ju, Kanghui Dai, Liqun Wan, Guangmao Zhou, Yanchun Ji, Jiehua Qiu","doi":"10.1186/s12872-025-04821-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12872-025-04821-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the potential involvement of 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the pathogenesis of lower-extremity varicose veins (VV).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, 8 patients with CEAP stage C6 chronic venous disease and 8 age-matched healthy controls were prospectively recruited to collect samples for preparation of subsequent experiments.None of the patients included in the molecular analyses were diagnosed with diabetes, as our analysis of 73,313 patients demonstrated that diabetes is generally not associated with VV. Western blotting was employed to quantify the levels of p-AMPK, G-actin, p-tubulin, p-HSP20, and 14-3-3 proteins in each sample.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Epidemiological analyses revealed 5,262 patients with VVs among 714,789 inpatients. Of these patients, only 351 VV patients were diagnosed with type 2 DM, while 4,911 were not diagnosed with DM. Higher levels of AMPK activation were evident in VV samples in molecular analyses, with the p-AMPK level in the VV group being 1.98 ± 0.56 times higher than that in the NV group (n = 3, P < 0.001). G-actin levels in VV samples were additionally 2.14 ± 0.60 times higher than those in NV samples (n = 3, P < 0.001). Increased cofilin activation was also observed in VV samples, as evidenced by p-cofilin levels in the VV group that were 0.63 ± 0.10 times those in the NV group (n = 3, P < 0.001), with VV samples additionally exhibiting p-HSP20 levels that were 2.02 ± 0.59 times higher than those in NV samples (n = 3, P < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggest that AMPK Is likely to be involved lower extremity VV development, potentially by inducing vasodilation through the dysregulation of F-actin cytoskeletal dynamics in VSMCs, increasing cofilin activation, the displacement of which from 14-3-3 can lead to dephosphorylation mediated by HSP20,and then causes its dephosphorylation and increased activity, and thereby reducing cytoskeletal actin homeostasis and promoting vascular relaxation.These findings elucidate the possible regulatory role of AMPK phosphorylation in vein wall degeneration and provide a theoretical basis for further studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9195,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cardiovascular Disorders","volume":"25 1","pages":"423"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12126884/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144191478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing statin therapy in HIV-infected patients: a review of pharmacotherapy considerations.","authors":"Ramin Ansari, Hossein Khalili, Keyhan Mohammadi","doi":"10.1186/s12872-025-04887-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12872-025-04887-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>People living with HIV (PLWH) are more vulnerable to cerebrovascular disease, including coronary artery disease. Dyslipidemia is a risk factor for major adverse cardiovascular events in this population as a whole. Dyslipidemia might result from general risk factors, HIV itself, or the adverse effects of the antiretroviral drug, which have different effects on lipid profile. The present study aims to review the latest studies regarding the role of statin initiation in this population and clinically significant drug interactions in the field.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and Web of Science, were searched for relevant literature on the role of statins in primary/secondary prevention of CVD in PLWH based on the PICO search strategy. Moreover, ARTs-statin drug interactions were investigated and summarized based on the University of Liverpool's website.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nearly 70 studies were found and summarized. Guidelines recommendations for using statins in PLWH and current practice, as well as the role and potential mechanism of statins in PLWH, were investigated. Based on the available data, we developed a practical algorithm that clinicians can use to optimize statin therapy in PLWH.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>More studies are required to fully define the role of statins in HIV patients, including time to initiate and proper dosing. Moreover, a marked inconsistency exists between clinical guidelines and actual practice, mainly due to irrational concerns regarding antiretroviral-statin drug interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9195,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cardiovascular Disorders","volume":"25 1","pages":"421"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12125728/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144191479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}