BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders最新文献

{"title":"Computer-assisted planning combined with bone crest positioning to guide lateral acromioplasty: methods and clinical application.","authors":"Yanbo Wang, Biao Guo, Yanlong Liu, Yong Hu, Dongqiang Yang","doi":"10.1186/s12891-025-09180-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-025-09180-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study investigates preoperative CT three-dimensional reconstruction and computer-assisted planning, combined with bone crest positioning, to guide lateral acromioplasty for subacromial impingement syndrome (SAIS). It evaluates this approach's effectiveness in enhancing surgical accuracy, improving shoulder function, and optimizing imaging parameters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study retrospectively analyzed 40 patients diagnosed with SAIS who underwent surgical treatment in our hospital between May 2022 and December 2023. Patients were divided into two groups: preoperative planning acromioplasty (group 1) and conventional acromioplasty (group 2), with 20 patients each. Preoperative and postoperative shoulder CT 3D reconstructions were performed to measure critical shoulder angle (CSA), acromion index (AI), acromio-humeral interval (AHI), and lateral acromial angle (LAA). Clinical function scores and visual analogue scale (VAS) were recorded preoperatively, at 6 months postoperatively, and at final follow-up (September 30, 2024). Postoperative MRI or CT assessed acromial fracture, deltoid insertion tears, and other major complications. Continuous variable data with a normal distribution were analyzed using the t-test; the rank sum test was used for continuous variable data with a non-normal distribution; and count data were analyzed using chi-square tests or Fisher's exact tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>With an average follow-up of 19.70 ± 7.39 months (9-28 months). Postoperative comparison between groups showed that the CSA of group 1 was significantly lower than that of group 2 (P < 0.05). AI was lower and AHI was higher in group 1 versus group 2 postoperatively (P < 0.05). Group 1 achieved superior Constant and UCLA scores at final follow-up, with no significant differences in ASES or VAS scores between groups, and no cases of acromial fracture, deltoid insertion tears, or other major complications were observed postoperatively in either group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The use of preoperative CT 3D reconstruction and computer-assisted design for precise grinding planning, combined with an intraoperative bone ridge positioning method enhances surgical accuracy, can significantly improve clinical outcomes and imaging parameters, and protect deltoid insertion integrity, offering clinical value.</p>","PeriodicalId":9189,"journal":{"name":"BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders","volume":"26 1","pages":"953"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145285680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Semitendinosus vs quadriceps tendon autograft in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (SEQUAR): protocol for a prospective randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Daniel Castellanos Dolk, Vasileios Sarakatsianos, Tobias Wörner, Mikael Östin, Riccardo Cristiani, Joanna Kvist, Anders Stålman","doi":"10.1186/s12891-025-09183-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-025-09183-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is a devastating injury for most individuals, especially in athletes with the desire to go back to pivoting sports. In ACL reconstruction (ACL-R), multiple autograft options are available, each with distinct advantages and limitations. The quadriceps tendon (QT) autograft has gained increasing attention due to its favorable biomechanical properties and lower donor site morbidity, yet studies comparing only athletic populations remains limited. This study protocol describes a randomized controlled trial (RCT) aiming to compare QT autograft with bone-block (QT-B) with semitendinosus tendon (ST) autograft in athletes undergoing primary ACL-R.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a single center RCT. Two Hundred ACL-R patients aged 16-40 years with a Tegner Activity Scale (TAS) of ≥ 7 prior to the ACL injury will be randomized to receive either a ST graft or a QT-B graft at the time of ACL-R. All participants will receive standard postoperative care and rehabilitation, followed by comprehensive follow-up. The primary outcome was the side-to-side (STS) difference in anterior tibial translation (ATT) at 6 months. Secondary outcomes include patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), isokinetic strength testing, imaging-based graft evaluation, surgical and clinical events, and 10-year radiographic evidence of joint degeneration. Detailed definitions and timepoints are provided in the full manuscript (Table 1).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This protocol is the first RCT comparing the ST autograft to the QT-B autograft exclusively in athletes with TAS ≥ 7 undergoing ACL-R. In addition, this trial has the ambition of including 200 patients, thereby making it the largest trial to compare these two grafts to date. The successful completion of the trial has the potential to change current practice and contribute to the existing knowledge regarding graft choice in athletes undergoing ACL-R.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04295148. Registered date: 4 Mar 2020 (retrospectively registered).</p>","PeriodicalId":9189,"journal":{"name":"BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders","volume":"26 1","pages":"951"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145285632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between blood-derived biological aging and bone mineral density among US adults.","authors":"Longyun Wu, Jing Wang, Xiang Liu, Xueji Wang, Xuefeng Yue","doi":"10.1186/s12891-025-09213-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-025-09213-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Little is known regarding the association between biological aging and bone mineral density (BMD). This study aimed to assess the effects of biological aging on BMD in US adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 14,499 adults aged 20 or older from NHANES (2005-2010, 2013-2014, and 2017-2018). Biological aging was assessed using two different approaches: biological age and biological age acceleration. Multiple linear regression was used to investigate the relationship between biological aging and BMD. Generalized additive models and smoothed curve fitting were used to examine the dose-response relationship between biological aging and BMD. Multiple logistic regression was used to investigate the relationship between biological aging and the risk of osteoporosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After adjusting for potential confounders, our analysis revealed a significant inverse relationship between biological age, biological age acceleration, and BMD at various sites, including the femur neck, total femur, trochanter, and intertrochanter. Furthermore, we observed a significant negative linear correlation between biological age, biological age acceleration, and BMD. Additionally, both biological age and biological age acceleration demonstrated negative associations with the risk of osteoporosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest a significant negative association between biological aging and BMD in US adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":9189,"journal":{"name":"BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders","volume":"26 1","pages":"954"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145285666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Custom-made acetabular implants for revision total hip arthroplasty: postoperative evaluation of the accuracy of implant positioning.","authors":"Benjamin Schlossmacher, Igor Lazic, Christian Suren, Rainer Burgkart, Florian Pohlig, Rüdiger von Eisenhart-Rothe, Peter M Prodinger","doi":"10.1186/s12891-025-09250-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-025-09250-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The increasing need for revision total hip arthroplasty due to complications such as bone defects following implant loosening has - among others - led to the development of custom-made acetabular implants. This study evaluated the accuracy of implant positioning measured on AP radiographs and the respective clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis of 31 cases involving severe acetabular bone loss (Paprosky type IIIa/ IIIb) was conducted. Preoperative planning was based on CT scans, and postoperative evaluation was performed via AP radiographs, focusing on Lewinnek's safe zone for anteversion (AV) and inclination (INCL).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results showed that 87.1% of the implants were positioned within or on the border of Lewinnek's safe zone for AV and INCL. Mean AV (SD) was 13.9° (8.7°), mean INCL (SD) 46.9° (6.1°). Mean deviations between planning and postoperative results were 7.4° for AV (SD) (5.5°; p = 0.704) and 3.7° for INCL (SD) (5.2°; p = 0.068). Implant survival was 96.7% over a median follow-up (IQR) of 43.0 months (65.0).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Correct positioning of customized acetabular implants could be achieved via assessment on plain AP radiographs using a superimposition method. The results were further emphasized by the low rate of mechanical complications and high implant survival. Lewinnek's safe zone is a good guideline for proper cup positioning but should not be prioritized over primary stability of the implant. Accurate planning is key to achieving both a satisfying position and sufficient osseous integration. Further research involving higher case numbers through a multi-center approach is needed to draw definitive conclusions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9189,"journal":{"name":"BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders","volume":"26 1","pages":"952"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145285656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is a two-year follow-up after total shoulder arthroplasty really necessary?","authors":"Manuel Kramer, Yannik Stutz, Charlotte Hayo, Bernhard Jost, Michael Badulescu","doi":"10.1186/s12891-025-09223-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12891-025-09223-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9189,"journal":{"name":"BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders","volume":"26 1","pages":"945"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12512392/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145273753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation of body composition and anthropometric indices with electrodiagnostic and ultrasonographic findings in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome.","authors":"Gholamreza Raissi, Tannaz Ahadi, Jalal Esmailpour, Mohammad Amin Khadembashiri, Mohamad Mehdi Khadembashiri, Seyed Pezhman Madani","doi":"10.1186/s12891-025-08972-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12891-025-08972-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common entrapment neuropathy of the upper limb. Various risk factors have been described for this disorder. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between CTS with body composition indexes and hand anthropometric characteristics.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This is a case-control study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>The study conducted in physical medicine and rehabilitation clinic at Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences between 2019 and 2020.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Fifty patients with clinical symptoms of CTS and 50 controls were enrolled.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>The median nerve distal sensory latency (DSL) and amplitude, and distal motor latency (DML) and amplitude, were measured using a Natus Synergy Ultrapro S100 instrument.</p><p><strong>Main outcomes measure: </strong>Age, hand anthropometric index, body weight, body mass index (BMI), body composition indexes and sonographically measured cross-sectional area (CSA) of median nerve were evaluated in both groups, and the relation between these variables as the incidence of CTS and its severity were investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed a significant correlation between CTS incidence and larger dorsovolar and mediolateral diameters of the wrist (all with P < 0.05). The right median nerve CSA was 14.94 ± 6.00 mm2 in the case group, and 10.88 ± 2.19 mm2 in the control group, and the left CSA was 14.17 ± 5.00 mm2 in the case group and 10.72 ± 2.17 mm2 in the control group, all with P < 0.001. The mean weight, BMI, fat mass, and total extracellular water (ECW) ratio were significantly higher in the case group. There was no significant relationship between CTS severity and weight and body composition indexes (all with P > 0.05) except for median nerve CSA.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study showed that among the body composition indexes, the body fat mass, as an indicator of the body fat distribution, and total ECW ratio are associated with the incidence of CTS while not its severity. Higher body weight, BMI, fat mass, total ECW ratio, median nerve CSA and wrist diameters increase the risk of CTS. Higher median nerve CSA is also associated with the higher severity of CTS.</p>","PeriodicalId":9189,"journal":{"name":"BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders","volume":"26 1","pages":"948"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12512932/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145273779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pilot study to investigate sleep and breathing related complications in children and young people with osteogenesis imperfecta.","authors":"Claire L Hill, Ruth N Kingshott, Nick J Bishop, Heather E Elphick, Kieran Murphy, Alan Rigby, Nicki Barker","doi":"10.1186/s12891-025-09208-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12891-025-09208-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9189,"journal":{"name":"BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders","volume":"26 1","pages":"950"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12512587/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145273763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative neuroplastic healing: tendon Neuroplastic Training role in pain alleviation and boosting strength in lateral epicondylitis: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Hamza Khan, Aisha Razzaq, Ayesha Afridi, Suman Sheraz, Waqar Ahmed Awan","doi":"10.1186/s12891-025-08328-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12891-025-08328-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lateral epicondylitis pain affects the sensory-motor integration, affecting muscle activation and coordination, leading to deficit in grip strength and disability. Loading exercises helps in strengthening and in biomechanical control in the tendinopathies. The current study is planned to determine the effects of Tendon Neuroplastic Training on pain, strength, and disability in lateral epicondylitis patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a parallel design Randomized clinical trial conducted at National Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine from August 2022 to March 2023. Total n = 34 patients of lateral epicondylitis, of both genders, aged 25-45 years, having pain and tenderness over lateral epicondyle, with at least 2 special tests used for lateral epicondylitis (were recruited using non-probability purposive sampling. Sealed envelope method was used for random allocation into groups. Experimental group patients received Tendon Neuroplastic Training whereas active control was treated with Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis stretching and Myofascial release. Total 3 sessions/week were given to each patient for a total of 4 weeks. Outcome measures were Numerical Pain Rating Scale, Dynamometer and Patient Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation for pain, strength and disability assessment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Tendon Neuroplastic Training group showed significant improvement (p < 0.05) to active control concerning pain reduction (effect size = 0.37) and improvement in disability (effect size = 0.449) Both groups showed equal positive effects regarding grip strength. (p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study concluded that Tendon Neuroplastic Training has better effects on the reduction of pain and tennis elbow related disability with lateral epicondylitis. Therefore, the current study recommends the use of TNT for the treatment of lateral epicondylitis.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>The study was retrospectively registered at clinicaltrail.gov with the number NCT05707117, Registration date: 22-1-23.</p>","PeriodicalId":9189,"journal":{"name":"BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders","volume":"26 1","pages":"949"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12512838/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145273758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomic pronator quadratus repair increases flexor pollicis longus tendon pressure after volar rim plating: a cadaveric study.","authors":"Bekir Eray Kilinc, Hamit Caglayan Kahraman, Emre Bilgin, Yunus Oc, Adnan Kara","doi":"10.1186/s12891-025-09215-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12891-025-09215-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To quantitatively evaluate the impact of anatomical pronator quadratus muscle (PQM) repair on peak flexor pollicis longus tendon (FPLT) pressure during functional wrist motion following volar rim plate (VRP) fixation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cadaveric study included 16 intact wrists from eight fresh-frozen upper extremities. A modified volar Henry approach was used to apply a 2.4 mm variable-angle VRP (Synthes) in a standardized Soong grade 2 position. A thin (0.15 mm) FlexiForce^® piezoresistive sensor was placed between the FPLT and the distal edge of the plate to quantify interface pressure. Peak contact pressures were recorded at three wrist positions (maximum flexion, neutral, and extension) during four active motion cycles. Measurements were obtained in both unrepaired and anatomically repaired PQM states. Pressure values were statistically compared using paired t-tests to assess the effect of PQM repair.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Biomechanical testing in 16 cadaveric wrists demonstrated that anatomical PQM repair significantly increased average pressure at the FPLT-implant interface across all wrist positions (p < 0.05). Mean overall pressure rose from 37.5% to 48.5% (p = 0.003), reflecting an 11% absolute and 29.3% relative increase. Position-specific analyses confirmed significant pressure elevations in flexion (Δ + 4.8%, p = 0.013), neutral (Δ + 11.0%, p = 0.005), and dorsiflexion (Δ + 17.2%, p < 0.001), with the greatest rise observed during wrist extension.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Anatomic PQM repair significantly increases FPLT pressure following VRP by reestablishing a tissue interface that alters tendon-implant contact mechanics. Contrary to prior assumptions, these findings suggest that PQM interposition alone may not reliably mitigate flexor tendon loading. Surgical decision-making should therefore consider both implant positioning and PQM integrity in tandem when addressing tendon-related complications in distal radius fracture fixation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9189,"journal":{"name":"BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders","volume":"26 1","pages":"946"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12512516/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145273715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of physical therapeutic scoliosis exercise (PSSE) intervention for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Qiqi Jia, Boyuan Zhang, Hong Wang, Weina Zheng","doi":"10.1186/s12891-025-09218-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12891-025-09218-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To systematically evaluate the effects of physiotherapeutic scoliosis-specific exercise (PSSE) on Cobb angle, angle of trunk rotation (ATR) and quality of life (QoL) in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), and to explore the modifying role of exercise period, thereby providing an evidence-based foundation for the clinical optimisation of exercise prescriptions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following PRISMA guidelines, the EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and SinoMed databases were searched (up to 15 June 2025) without language restriction; a total of 18 RCTs (involving 1,014 patients with AIS, mean age 13.98 ± 1.81 years) were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 (11 low-risk, 7 medium-risk). Standardised mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model, and the frequency of exercise was quantified by subgroup analyses (low: ≤2 times/week; high: ≥3 times/week).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The combined effect of PSSE on Cobb angle in patients with AIS had an SMD of - 1.00, 95% confidence area [- 1.47, - 0.53], P < 0.001; the combined SMD of ATR was - 1.15, 95% CI [- 1.94, - 0.36], P < 0.001; the combined SMD of QoL was 0.63, 95% CI [0.15, 1.11], P < 0.01. Subgroup analyses showed that high-frequency exercise practice (≥ 3 times/week) was more effective.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PSSE effectively improves Cobb angle, ATR, and QoL in patients with AIS. High-frequency exercise forms are recommended; however, the actual application needs to be individualised based on patient characteristics. Spreading RCTs are recommended to further define the optimal exercise dose and identify key influencing factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":9189,"journal":{"name":"BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders","volume":"26 1","pages":"947"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12512391/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145273771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}