Cancer reports and reviews最新文献

{"title":"Genetic engineering of a probiotic-based drug delivery system for colorectal cancer therapy","authors":"B. C. An, Yongku Ryu, Oksik Choi, Sunwoong Hong, Jinseok Heo, M. Chung","doi":"10.15761/crr.1000208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/crr.1000208","url":null,"abstract":"Food-grade bacteria, including lactic acid bacteria (LAB), are safe to ingest and are not associated with development of disease. The impact of LAB on health has been studied in depth from a clinical perspective. Evidence suggests that LAB benefit health in several ways, including improving the balance between probiotic and harmful bacteria in the intestine, protecting against pathogen infections, and modulating host immunity in the gut. Recent publications show that LAB are safe biotherapeutics that exert positive effects against various cancer types, including colorectal cancer (CRC). CRC develops in intestine and, unless treated early, will invade the surrounding tissue and spread to other parts of the body. One intrinsic advantage of food-grade LAB is that they can be applied easily as oral medications and act as vehicles for bio-therapeutics, which can be delivered directly to the mucosal surface of the intestine. Consequently, a LAB-based drug delivery system (DDS) can have synergistic effects: the patient derives benefit from both the LAB and the therapeutic cargo. Furthermore, the localized effect of LAB-based DDS in the intestine would ensure targeted treatment at the site of disease; this has the benefits of requiring a lower dose of a drug, with fewer systemic side effects. In this review, we discuss the evidence supporting the beneficial effects of LAB-based DDS and its application to CRC. *Correspondence to: Myung Jun Chung, Ph.D., R&D Center, Cell Biotech, Co., Ltd., 50, Aegibong-ro 409 beon-gil, Gaegok-ri, Wolgot-myeon, Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, E-mail: ceo@cellbiotech.com","PeriodicalId":91850,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports and reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67453628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical Tourism in Oman","authors":"I. Mehdi, B. Bahrani","doi":"10.15761/crr.1000212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/crr.1000212","url":null,"abstract":"Health tourism and medical tourism are known yet unfamiliar phenomenon and is on increase in recent decades. The exact numbers and economic burden is rather speculative, as exact data is difficult to assess. The phenomenon is observed from both developing and developed countries, the reasons being different. There is not much international published literature on the subject. The situation, with respect to health tourism, in Oman is not much different as seen in other Middle Eastern countries.There are distinct perceptions based on social, economic, preferential reasons of travel. There are perceptions about health care systems locally abroad, and there are diverse reasons of selection of destination. The travel has unique economic impact and issues arising from multiple opinions and management scenario. We in this review discuss the types of medical travel, reasons for travelling abroad for health care, the impact of medical tourism, and issues arising from this medical travel.","PeriodicalId":91850,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports and reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67453304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gestational choriocarcinoma in a postmenopausal woman. A case report and literature review","authors":"P. Tsikouras, P. Chatzipantelis, A. Bothou, S. Zervoudis, X. Athoulaki, F. Gaitatzi, A. Chalkidou, I. Tsirkas, G. Dragoutsos, P. Symeonidis, A. Lazarou, Tsalkidou, I. Babageogaka, P. Peitsidis, Nalbanti At, A. AlexandraGiatromanolaki, N. Nikolettos","doi":"10.15761/crr.1000214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/crr.1000214","url":null,"abstract":"Choriocarcinoma is the most common tumor of the gestational trophoblastic disease occuring usually in reproductive age related to antedecent gestational event (molar, physiological, ectopic pregnancy, elective or spontaneous abortion) either after one year or after many decades and rarely after the menopause. The main presenting clinical symptom is postmenopausal vaginal bleeding. It is an aggressive tumor with high potential rate to metastasize in various distant organs and is associated with considerable variation in prevalence wordwide. We describe a 51-year-old postmenopausal woman, who presented with heavy vaginal bleeding 27 years after her last pregnancy, 30 years after her last abortion and 3 years after her last menstrual period. Clinical examination,vaginal ultrasound scan, and computer tomography revealed an enlarged uterus at 16 weeks pregnant Gestational choriocarcinoma’s diagnosis depended on histological (preoperative endometrial curettage and postoperative uterus examination), immunochemistry findings and hCG elevated levels in serum. The intra and postoperative management was performed according to FIGO guidelines for gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Early diagnosis and treatment have improved the survival rate. Currently due to the rarity of the tumor in postmenopause period, the difficult differential diagnosis of non gestational choriocarcinoma is of great importance. The presentation of one more case of gestational choriocarcinoma aims to enchance the scientific experience and improve the management.","PeriodicalId":91850,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports and reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67453399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined treatment with p53-activating drug APR-246 and a phosphatidylserine-targeting antibody, 2aG4, inhibits growth of human triple-negative breast cancer xenografts","authors":"Yayun Liang, C. Besch-Williford, B. Mafuvadze, R. Brekken, S. Hyder","doi":"10.15761/crr.1000205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/crr.1000205","url":null,"abstract":"Around 15-20% of human breast cancers are classified as triple-negative (TNBC) because they are devoid of the three common chemotherapy targets. Since current protocols to treat TNBC are largely ineffective, new therapies for TNBC need to be identified. Almost 80% of TNBCs express a functionally defective form of the p53 tumor suppressor protein (mutant p53; mtp53). In mtp53-expressing cancers, most p53 mutations occur in the DNA-binding domain, blocking normal regulation of p53 target genes that are involved in apoptosis, cell-cycle arrest, and angiogenesis and resulting in resistance to chemotherapy and metastasis. Restoring p53 function is therefore a potentially effective strategy for combating TNBC. APR-246 is a small-molecule drug that has been shown to reactivate mtp53 and restore p53 function. We examined whether APR-246 could inhibit TNBC growth in vitro and in vivo . TNBC growth in vitro was measured using cell viability assays, and TNBC growth in vivo was assessed using a tumor xenograft mouse model. Nuclear extracts of APR-246-treated MDA-MB-231 TNBC cells exhibited significantly increased DNA binding compared with untreated cells, indicating that APR-246 converts mtp53 to a wild-type p53 form (wtp53) in these cells. APR-246 significantly reduced viability of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 TNBC cells in vitro , but had no effect on normal mammary cells (AG11132A) or breast cancer cells that express wtp53 (MCF-7). In our tumor xenograft mouse model, administration of APR-246 alone or in combination with 2aG4, an antibody that disrupts tumor vasculature, significantly reduced TNBC tumor growth (MDA-MB-231), as well as two markers of angiogenesis (tumor vascular endothelial growth factor expression and blood-vessel density). APR-246 in combination with 2aG4 completely eradicated almost 20% of the TNBC tumors present prior to treatment. Thus, in conclusion, APR-246 alone and in combination with 2aG4 inhibits TNBC tumor growth, and could represent an innovative therapy for TNBC, for which few effective treatment options are currently available. These suggest novel","PeriodicalId":91850,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports and reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67453476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treating severe COVID-19 in cancer patients","authors":"F. Uckun","doi":"10.15761/crr.1000198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/crr.1000198","url":null,"abstract":"The high fatality rate of COVID-19 pneumonia, especially in imuno-compromised high risk patient populations, like those with hematologic malignancies or solid tumors who are receiving or have recently received immune-suppressive chemotherapy, has triggered a global search for effective therapies that can stop or reverse the inflammatory process that causes the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multi-organ failure after development of the pulmonary inflammation. This article summarizes the available risk mitigation strategies based on the insights and lessons learned from clinical trials in cancer patients in which a similar fulminant and systemic inflammatory process, known as the cytokine release syndrome (CRS) has been encountered. *Correspondence to: Fatih M. Uckun, MD, PhD, Vice President and Clinical Strategy Lead, Oncology and Hematology, Wordwide Clinical Trials, 480 E. Swedesford Road Suite 200, Wayne, PA 19087, USA. E-mail: fatih.uckun@ worldwide.com","PeriodicalId":91850,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports and reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67452774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic and clinical analysis of epithelial ovarian cancer in Greek patients","authors":"Plevris N, Pappa Ki, Tsironis G, Liontos M, C. E., Rodolakis A, Vlachos G, Dimopoulos Ma, Zagouri F, Apostolou P, Konstantopoulou I, Yanoukakos D, F. Fostira","doi":"10.15761/crr.1000217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/crr.1000217","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91850,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports and reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67453229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding professional autonomy: Nurse initiated application","authors":"G. L","doi":"10.15761/crr.1000211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/crr.1000211","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91850,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports and reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67453266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extent of diagnostic inquiry among a population-based cohort of patients with cancer of unknown primary.","authors":"Julie Smith-Gagen,&nbsp;Christiana M Drake,&nbsp;Larissa L White,&nbsp;Paulo S Pinheiro","doi":"10.15761/CRR.1000187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/CRR.1000187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Current cancer registry data cannot distinguish a justified cancer of unknown primary (CUP) diagnosis, where the patient received a complete diagnostic evaluation that was unable to identify the primary tumor, from potentially misclassified patients, documented as CUP but not based on a complete diagnostic evaluation. This misclassification may skew population-based cancer registry surveillance research used to frame and guide translational CUP research. We identified characteristics of patients who received justified vs. potentially misclassified CUP diagnoses in cancer registry data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We developed a conceptual definition of a complete diagnostic evaluation from professional society-recommended guidelines. We translated this definition into procedure codes in the Medicare encounter data. We assessed age, gender, comorbidities, urban or rural residence, income, race, and tumor pathology by receipt of a complete diagnostic evaluation and palliative therapy among 10,575 elderly CUP patients in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare dataset. We calculated odds ratios and adjusted probabilities using marginal standardization.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Only 35% of elderly CUP patients identified in the cancer registry received a complete diagnostic evaluation. After adjustment for age and comorbidities, socioeconomic barriers to a complete diagnostic evaluation persisted: adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (AOR) for rural vs. urban 0.8(0.8,0.9) and for highest income vs. lowest income 1.2(1.1,1.4). Patients with vague or undocumented tumor pathology in SEER had 80% lower odds of receiving a complete diagnostic evaluation AOR(95%CI)=0.2(0.2,0.2). Although patients with a complete diagnostic evaluation were twice as likely to receive palliative therapy than those without a complete evaluation, AOR(95%CI)=2.0(1.7,2.3), they only had a 46.7% probability of receiving therapy, 95%CI=(44.4,49.1).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients without a complete diagnostic evaluation are not limited to the frail and underserved. For accurate assessment of the CUP burden and disparities in utilization of diagnostic care, we recommend that the SEER definition of CUP include the extent of diagnostic inquiry.</p>","PeriodicalId":91850,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports and reviews","volume":"3 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37450113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rectum and lung normal tissue complication probability: a retrospective analysis depending on different numbers of fractions and different dose-limits","authors":"Bufacchi A, Pasciuti K","doi":"10.15761/crr.1000192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/crr.1000192","url":null,"abstract":"Rectal bleeding and lung pneumonitis are the most common side effect following prostate and lung external radiotherapy treatments. To assess retrospectively rectum and lung normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) at different dose-volume limits changing the number of fractions, 40 patients, half treated for prostate cancer and half treated for lung disease using a conformal radiotherapy treatment (3DCRT) or an intensity-modulated radiation treatment (IMRT) were included in our study. Rectum and lung complications were analysed changing the number of fractions and adjusting the total dose keeping the dose-volume limits fixed as per original standard dose plan (2 Gy/daily). Three different sets of parameters, two linear-quadratic and one seriality model, were employed to evaluate rectum and lung NTCP using Biosuite software. An increased in rectum and lung complications was observed at low dose-volume values when the number of fraction was reduced from 38 given at 2 Gy/day to 5 given at 8 Gy/day. NTCP differences were substantially reduced to an average value of 4% when VD>40 Gy for rectum and VD >20Gy for lung treatments were considered. A lower NTCP coefficient of variation was obtained for V70 and V30 for rectum and lung respectively. Results indicate that more consideration should be given to the low dose-volume limits when the number of fractions are reduced and the dose per fraction increased in prostate and lung treatment to take under control rectum and lung toxicity for both 3DCRT and IMRT treatments. *Correspondence to: Antonella Bufacchi, Medical Physics Department, S. Giovanni Calibita Fatebenefratelli Hospital and PIOXI Clinic, Rome, Italy, E-mail: ant.buf@tiscali.it","PeriodicalId":91850,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports and reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67452711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancer chemoprevention approaches","authors":"Capek I","doi":"10.15761/crr.1000193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/crr.1000193","url":null,"abstract":"Chemopreventive agents exhibit antioxidative and antiproliferative activities, signal transduction pathways, cell cycle, etc., and affect the process of carcinogenesis and modulate enzyme activity. They inhibit carcinogenesis at initiation phase or at promotion/progression stage. Chemoprotective components can be nutrients like, resistant starch, non-starch polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, folates, selenium, curcumin, zinc, or nonnutritive bioactive constituents such as protease inhibitors, saponins, phytosterols, lectins and phytates. These natural products have a low toxicity, affect NF κ B activity, stimulate immune cell activity and inhibit IKK activity.","PeriodicalId":91850,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports and reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67453045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}