Biosystems Engineering最新文献_第2页

Effect of paddy grain flow behaviour on orientation adjustment mechanisms in rubber roll huller feeding chute 稻谷流动特性对橡胶辊脱壳机喂料槽取向调节机制的影响

IF 4.4 1区农林科学

Biosystems Engineering Pub Date : 2025-06-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.104198

Hao Li , Yanlong Han , Dan Zhao , Jincheng Zhang , Anqi Li , Ze Sun , Shouyu Ji , Haonan Gao

{"title":"Effect of paddy grain flow behaviour on orientation adjustment mechanisms in rubber roll huller feeding chute","authors":"Hao Li , Yanlong Han , Dan Zhao , Jincheng Zhang , Anqi Li , Ze Sun , Shouyu Ji , Haonan Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.104198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.104198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the hulling process of rubber roll hullers, disordered paddy grain orientation reduces hulling efficiency. This results in material wastage, diminished product quality. While conventional long feeding chutes exhibit inherent orientation adjustment capabilities, their fundamental mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study employed the discrete element method (DEM) to simulate paddy grain motion dynamics within the feeding chute, elucidating the orientation adjustment mechanism through granular flow analysis. The findings demonstrate that elevated feeding rates improve the vertical alignment of paddy grains, albeit at the cost of increased breakage percentage. Spatial analysis reveals that grain alignment is suppressed by shear rate while being enhanced by hydrostatic pressure across the chute width. Furthermore, wall effects modify these parameters, resulting in strengthened vertical alignment near the sidewalls while marginally reducing it in central regions. Based on these findings, an innovative baffled feeding chute was developed that effectively regulates shear rate and inter-particle hydrostatic pressure through controlled wall effects. Experimental validation confirmed a 1.8 % enhancement in hulling effectiveness without compromising breakage rates compared to conventional designs. This research provides both theoretical foundations and practical solutions for optimising rubber roll huller feeding systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9173,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Engineering","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 104198"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144239435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design and experiment of a ridge-surface based cutting height active adjustment system for a leafy vegetable harvester 叶菜收获机脊面切削高度主动调节系统的设计与试验

IF 4.4 1区农林科学

Biosystems Engineering Pub Date : 2025-06-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.104196

Haitao Peng, Zhiyu Zuo, Guoxin Ma, Luhua Han, Ze Liu, Hanping Mao

{"title":"Design and experiment of a ridge-surface based cutting height active adjustment system for a leafy vegetable harvester","authors":"Haitao Peng, Zhiyu Zuo, Guoxin Ma, Luhua Han, Ze Liu, Hanping Mao","doi":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.104196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.104196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to the discrepancy between the cutting baseline and the adjustment baseline, existing harvester cutting height adjustment schemes are unsuitable for the ridge-planting and ridge-crossing harvesting modes of leafy vegetables. This study proposes an active cutting height adjustment system based on the ridge surface, thereby achieving the unification of the two baselines. A combined mechanical-hydraulic adjustment scheme is designed. A cutting height adjustment model is established, considering the influence of ridge height. Changes in ridge height during actual harvesting are converted into existing system hardware information, enabling application to different ridge heights. The static test results demonstrated that the system could achieve active adjustment across varying ridge and cutting heights. Under varying ridge heights, the average response times (ARTs) for adjusting the cutting height from 0 mm to 10, 20, and 30 mm were 0.06, 0.16, and 0.22 s, respectively, with mean absolute error values (MAEVs) of 1.2, 1.5, and 1.4 mm. The ARTs for adjusting the cutting height back from 30 mm to 20, 10, and 0 mm were 0.08, 0.20, and 0.29 s, with MAEVs of 1.3, 1.4, and 1.5 mm, respectively. The field test results indicated that the established adjustment system could maintain stubble height within the allowable range of (0, 20) mm with a probability of 0.97, and the average control accuracy was 94.5 %. This study presents a novel and effective active cutting height adjustment method for ridge-planting and ridge-crossing harvesting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9173,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Engineering","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 104196"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144239434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hydrodynamic flow conditions and calcium carbonate scale in dripper labyrinth with varied geometric configurations 不同几何构型滴管迷宫的流体动力流动条件及碳酸钙结垢

IF 4.4 1区农林科学

Biosystems Engineering Pub Date : 2025-06-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.104199

Gustavo L. Muniz , Juliana S. Benitez , Antonio P. Camargo , Rogerio Lavanholi , Nassin Ait-Mouheb , Nicolás D. Cano , José A. Frizzone

{"title":"Hydrodynamic flow conditions and calcium carbonate scale in dripper labyrinth with varied geometric configurations","authors":"Gustavo L. Muniz , Juliana S. Benitez , Antonio P. Camargo , Rogerio Lavanholi , Nassin Ait-Mouheb , Nicolás D. Cano , José A. Frizzone","doi":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.104199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.104199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Clogging of drippers by calcium carbonate (CaCO<sub>3</sub>) scale is a major limitation to drip irrigation when calcareous water is used. This study investigates how hydrodynamic conditions and labyrinth geometry influence CaCO<sub>3</sub> nucleation, deposition, and scaling patterns in drippers. Fifteen dripper prototypes with different geometries were evaluated, grouped as Type I (with well-developed vortices) and Type II (with more uniform flow). Tests were performed using water with different saturation levels (LSI = 1.3 and 1.7) in a closed hydraulic circuit. Discharge variation rate (Dra) and internal images of the labyrinths were used to assess clogging. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations provided velocity, shear rate, and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) fields. Type I prototypes exhibited greater resistance to clogging compared to Type II, with flow cross-sectional area and the tooth height/channel width ratio (H/W) being key geometric factors. Higher H/W ratios led to scaling patterns more closely aligned with low-velocity, low-shear, and low-TKE zones, especially in peripheral areas. This indicates that local flow structures strongly influence CaCO<sub>3</sub> scaling. In Type I emitters, hydrodynamic forces contributed not only to deposition but also to crystal removal and breakage. Scanning electron microscopy further revealed that the more turbulent flow in Type I prototypes altered the morphology of CaCO<sub>3</sub> deposits, supporting the hypothesis that hydrodynamic play a critical role in scale formation and emitter performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9173,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Engineering","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 104199"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144221645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cross-modal data fusion and deep learning techniques enabled non-destructive fish vitality recognition during cryogenic waterless live transport 跨模式数据融合和深度学习技术在低温无水活体运输过程中实现了无损鱼类活力识别

IF 4.4 1区农林科学

Biosystems Engineering Pub Date : 2025-06-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.104200

Yanfei Zhu , Wenguan Zhang , Yongjun Zhang , Xiaoshuan Zhang , Mengjie Zhang

{"title":"Cross-modal data fusion and deep learning techniques enabled non-destructive fish vitality recognition during cryogenic waterless live transport","authors":"Yanfei Zhu , Wenguan Zhang , Yongjun Zhang , Xiaoshuan Zhang , Mengjie Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.104200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.104200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cryogenic waterless live transport (CWLT) is widely regarded as a green, efficient and low-carbon transportation strategy, which can ensure a certain degree of fish survival rates, enhance water resource utilisation and reduce transportation costs. This study focuses on the pearl gentian grouper, integrating multi-modal sensors, deep learning and cross-modal data fusion techniques for non-destructive vitality recognition during the live transport process. Changes in fish surface and physiological characteristics were captured based on multi-modal sensors. A cross-modal vitality recognition network (CmVRNet) was developed based on cross-modal data fusion and multi-input deep learning techniques. The enhanced whale optimisation algorithm based on multi-strategy fusion (EWOAm) was developed to optimise hyperparameters of the model (EWOAm-CmVRNet). The results showed that: (1) Cluster analysis classified physiological status of the grouper into four categories: high vitality (HV), medium vitality (MV), weak vitality (WV) and near death (ND), with significant differences between physiological data of fish with different vitality levels but the same size (P < 0.05); (2) EWOAm demonstrated significant performance, successfully addressing shortcomings of the standard WOA and outperforming other comparison algorithms, achieving a balance between global exploration and local search; (3) EWOAm-CmVRNet showed excellent vitality recognition performance. For large groupers, the model achieved the average precision of 93.74 %, average recall of 93.89 %, average F1 score of 93.81 %, average specificity of 97.88 % and average accuracy of 93.69 %; (4) The EWOAm-CmVRNet model, which is constructed based on cross-modal data, outperformed other single-modal vitality recognition models. This study aims to provide technical support to enhance market competitiveness of live aquatic products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9173,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Engineering","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 104200"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of piglet suckling competition index based on YOLOv10 and optical flow direction distribution features 基于YOLOv10和光流方向分布特征的仔猪哺乳竞争指数评价

IF 4.4 1区农林科学

Biosystems Engineering Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.104197

Jinxin Chen , Luo Liu , Peng Li , Wen Yao , Mingxia Shen , Longshen Liu

{"title":"Evaluation of piglet suckling competition index based on YOLOv10 and optical flow direction distribution features","authors":"Jinxin Chen , Luo Liu , Peng Li , Wen Yao , Mingxia Shen , Longshen Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.104197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.104197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rapid development of intelligent farming technologies, effectively evaluating piglet competition behaviour during the suckling period has become a key research focus for enhancing livestock management. This paper presents a method for evaluating the piglet suckling competition index, which integrates the YOLOv10 object detection algorithm and optical flow direction distribution features. First, the YOLOv10 model is employed to detect the sow's posture and the positions of the piglets, classifying the sow's posture into lateral recumbency and other postures. Subsequently, precise localisation of the lactation period is achieved by calculating the mask ratio of the piglets within the sow's region and the changes in group activity. Finally, the Farneback optical flow algorithm is utilised to analyse the direction distribution of the optical flow within the piglet region, and the variation coefficient of information entropy is employed to quantify the intensity of piglet suckling competition. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method performs well in both object detection and behaviour localisation, achieving a precision of 91.51 % and a recall of 96.04 % for lactation period localisation. Additionally, the method successfully validated the evaluation of piglet suckling competition in different test pens. This study provides technical support for intelligent farming technologies, helping to optimise piglet nutrition management and enhance farming efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9173,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Engineering","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 104197"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144194717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Wear performance of steel plough tips on high-speed hydraulic turning ploughs 高速液压回转犁钢犁头磨损性能研究

IF 4.4 1区农林科学

Biosystems Engineering Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.104187

Qiang Yao , Xiaorui Han , Mingjian Li , Zhanhong Guo , Pengwei Fan , Youqiang Zhang

{"title":"Wear performance of steel plough tips on high-speed hydraulic turning ploughs","authors":"Qiang Yao , Xiaorui Han , Mingjian Li , Zhanhong Guo , Pengwei Fan , Youqiang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.104187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.104187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-speed ploughs have been commonly used in deep cultivation operations in the southern Xinjiang region. The wear of the soil-touching parts of the plough body directly affects its longevity and the effectiveness of its soil-turning work. This paper presents an experimental study of abrasive wear on high-speed plough tips in the field, the variation of wear volume, length, width, thickness, edge angle, micro-hardness, and microscopic wear surface of 30MnB5 plough tips in 0–140 ha ploughing areas are investigated, and at the same time, the wear surface penetration (D<sub>p</sub>) is calculated to analyse the wear micro-mechanism. The results showed that with the increase of cultivation area, gradually transitioned from the initial wear stage to the stable wear stage. Dimensional changes in wear length, width, thickness, and edge angle are concentrated at the tip of the plough. The surfacing layer on the tip exhibits good self-sharpening properties. Work hardening of the plough tip overlays and bases occurs with increasing ploughed area, with lower hardness of the base material showing more flaking pits and higher hardness of the overlays material showing more grooves. The D<sub>p</sub> value of the surface layer and the base is less than 0.2, and the wear mechanism is micro-ploughing. The holes in the surfacing layer change the motion of the soil particles, causing the microscopic wear mechanism to change from micro-ploughing to impact wear and back to micro-ploughing. The results of this paper can provide a theoretical basis for the structure optimisation and material selection of plough tips.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9173,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Engineering","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 104187"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144190481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Study on the interaction mechanism between stubble-breaking blades and unidirectional maize root-soil composites 玉米断茬叶片与单向根-土复合材料相互作用机理研究

IF 4.4 1区农林科学

Biosystems Engineering Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.104190

Xuanting Liu , Peng Gao , Xiaohu Jiang , Mingzhuo Guo , Yang Wang , Yunhai Ma

{"title":"Study on the interaction mechanism between stubble-breaking blades and unidirectional maize root-soil composites","authors":"Xuanting Liu , Peng Gao , Xiaohu Jiang , Mingzhuo Guo , Yang Wang , Yunhai Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.104190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.104190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A high-performance stubble-breaking operation is an important guarantee for the quality of no-till operations, and studying the interaction between blades and root-soil composites is a key foundation for improving the performance of stubble-breaking devices. Therefore, a model was developed to predict the cutting force of the blade and the dragging distance of the root for cutting maize root-soil composites. This model was validated through cutting experiments of reshaped and undisturbed maize root-soil composites, and was used to study the influence of key factors on cutting. The verification test results indicated that the model was accurate (error<20%), efficient (1.86 s), and general. Based on the model, the interaction was described as follows: (a) The root tensile force, which is generated by the dragging of the root, increased the resistance of the blade; (b) Once the root-soil interface fails, the root is difficult to break; (c) A higher soil foundation modulus prevents roots from being dragged and also leads to a higher cutting force; (d) As the number of roots per unit volume increases, the stubble-breaking resistance also increases; (e) The cutting force of cutting root-soil composites with thick roots or densely distributed fine roots is higher. In summary, to reduce stubble-breaking resistance, suitable field conditions should be selected, a large number of roots should be avoid distributing on the blade cutting path, and the root dragging distance should be shortened. This study revealed the blade-root-soil interaction mechanism, providing a theoretical basis for the design and optimisation of stubble-breaking devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9173,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Engineering","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 104190"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144190483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stability control of a wheel-legged mobile platform used in hilly orchards 丘陵果园用轮腿移动平台的稳定性控制

IF 4.4 1区农林科学

Biosystems Engineering Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.104195

Chen Pinglu , Liu Shengyang , Xu Jing , Liu Muhua

{"title":"Stability control of a wheel-legged mobile platform used in hilly orchards","authors":"Chen Pinglu , Liu Shengyang , Xu Jing , Liu Muhua","doi":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.104195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.104195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes a dynamic control strategy based on hierarchical control to improve the driving stability of a compact skid-steering quadrupedal wheel-legged mobile platform in hilly orchards. The upper layer of the control strategy includes the velocity control submodule based on Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control, a state observer based on the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) algorithm and an expected yaw torque controller. The lower layer of the control strategy is a torque distribution controller based on the improved axle load proportional distribution algorithm, which redistributes the total driving torque and the yaw torque. The mathematical model of the mobile platform using the dynamic control strategy was established and simulation tests under different working conditions in hilly orchards were carried out. The results showed that the control strategy can overcome the driving stability problem caused by the swing of the wheel legs. The side slip angle was controlled within ±0.2°, the expected yaw rate can be accurately tracked with a maximum error of 0.0075 rad s<sup>−1</sup>, the maximum relative error of velocity during stable driving was 1.2 %, and the maximum relative error of the driving trajectory was 3 %. A field experiment was carried out in the orchard. The results indicated that the maximum relative deviations of the experimental trajectory and driving velocity of the mobile platform, which occur during steering conditions, were <1.5 % and 10.2 %, respectively, when compared to simulated and expected values. This confirmed the effectiveness of the driving stability control strategy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9173,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Engineering","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 104195"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144190482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Shelter efficiency of windbreak influenced by stand configuration 林分形态对防风林遮蔽效率的影响

IF 4.4 1区农林科学

Biosystems Engineering Pub Date : 2025-05-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.104192

Ruijie Zhang , Rui Ma , Yanjun Ma , Fu Zhang , Linyuan Wei , Gazangzhuoma Xie

{"title":"Shelter efficiency of windbreak influenced by stand configuration","authors":"Ruijie Zhang , Rui Ma , Yanjun Ma , Fu Zhang , Linyuan Wei , Gazangzhuoma Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.104192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.104192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stand density and planting point configuration are two critical parameters influencing windbreak efficiency. This study investigates how stand density and triangular planting point configurations affect wind speed in <em>Haloxylon ammodendron</em> windbreaks. Wind tunnel experiments were conducted on four windbreaks with varying dimensions: A (17 cm × 17 cm), B<sub>1</sub> (17 cm × 34 cm), B<sub>2</sub> (34 cm × 17 cm), and C (34 cm × 34 cm), corresponding to field densities of 1500, 750, 750, and 375 plants·ha<sup>−1</sup>, which also represented the planting density, reserved density and natural vegetation density of <em>H. ammodendron</em>, respectively. Results showed faster wind speed variation near windbreaks with higher densities, with windbreak B<sub>1</sub> (row spacing > plant spacing) exhibiting faster variation than B<sub>2</sub> (plant spacing > row spacing). The area of weak wind speed (<em>U/U</em><sub><em>0</em></sub> < 0.5) around B<sub>1</sub> was approximately three times that of B<sub>2</sub>. Wind reductions downstream the windbreaks were not proportional to stand density, with ratios of A:B:C ≈ 6:3:2. The position of <em>U</em><sub><em>min</em></sub> moved further leeward as stand density decreased, accompanied by an increase in <em>U</em><sub><em>min</em></sub> values. These results highlight the significant influence of both stand density and planting point configuration on windbreak efficiency, offering valuable insights for optimising windbreak design in arid regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9173,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Engineering","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 104192"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144170290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of dietary crude protein and electrolyte balance on nitrogen budget and gas emissions in broilers 饲粮粗蛋白质和电解质平衡对肉仔鸡氮收支和气体排放的影响

IF 4.4 1区农林科学

Biosystems Engineering Pub Date : 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.104175

Théophane de Rauglaudre , Bertrand Méda , Simon Fontaine , William Lambert , Aude Simongiovanni , Dalila Larios , Stéphane Godbout , Sébastien Fournel , Marie-Pierre Létourneau Montminy

{"title":"Influence of dietary crude protein and electrolyte balance on nitrogen budget and gas emissions in broilers","authors":"Théophane de Rauglaudre , Bertrand Méda , Simon Fontaine , William Lambert , Aude Simongiovanni , Dalila Larios , Stéphane Godbout , Sébastien Fournel , Marie-Pierre Létourneau Montminy","doi":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.104175","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.104175","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nitrogen (N) use efficiency is a major issue in animal production, and improving it can reduce the environmental impact associated with N losses. Here, we studied the effects of dietary crude protein (CP) and dietary electrolyte balance (DEB) on N balance, litter composition and gas emissions. The experiment was conducted in two consecutive replicates of 37 d and 35 d with 432 and 456 one-day-old Ross 308 male chicks. Broilers were randomly distributed in 12 environmentally controlled chambers designed to measure ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) and nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) emissions. After a common starter diet (0 d–9 d), four experimental treatments were tested during growing (10 d–20 d) and finishing (21 d to the end of the rearing period) periods: control (CT); low CP and reduced DEB (LCP; −16 and −30 g CP kg<sup>−1</sup>; −75 and −78 mEq kg<sup>−1</sup> in growing and finishing periods); and two low-CP treatments with either potassium (K) carbonate (LCP + K) or sodium (Na) bicarbonate (LCP + Na) supplementation to bring the DEB back to the control level. The results show that the N<sub>2</sub>O emissions per broiler were not impacted by dietary treatment, whereas NH<sub>3</sub> volatilisation was reduced in the LCP, LCP + K, and LCP + Na treatments compared with CT (−72%, −47%, and −57%, respectively; P < 0.001). The reduction in NH<sub>3</sub> emissions is due to a reduction in N excretion and volatilisation rate. In fact, the reduction in N excretion accounts for between 35% and 52% of the reduction in NH<sub>3</sub> emissions, depending on the DEB level. Reducing dietary CP and DEB could be used to decrease NH<sub>3</sub> volatilisation in broiler production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9173,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Engineering","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 104175"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0