Biosystems Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Scaled experimental study of a ventilation system featuring partition jet and pit exhaust","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.10.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.10.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the context of current intensive livestock farming development, we present a novel energy-efficient ventilation method, named as the partition jet and pit exhaust (PJPE) system, for multi-story pig facilities. The objective is to overcome the limitations of traditional ventilation methods, e.g., mixing ventilation sidewall air supply or tunnel ventilation, in managing heat stress and air quality. Isothermal and non-isothermal experiments were conducted in a 1:2.5 scaled pig pen model to study the airflow distribution characteristics and ventilation effectiveness of the PJPE system. The results demonstrate that the PJPE system enables rapid delivery of fresh air to the animal-occupied zone (AOZ). With the Archimedes numbers (Ar) of supply air ranging between 0.0025 and 0.0052, the jet maintains low air temperatures near the pig's back. Compared to traditional pig house ventilation methods, the PJPE demonstrates better heat removal efficiency (HRE), with an average HRE of 1.20. Additionally, the PJPE effectively inhibits the upward diffusion of ammonia from the slurry pit. These findings indicate that the PJPE system presents a viable, energy-efficient alternative for environmental control in high-density pig housing, highlighting its potential for advancing animal welfare and productivity in intensive livestock farming.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9173,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation and experimental study on frictional wear of plough blades in soil cultivation process based on the Archard model","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.10.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.10.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plough blades are widely used for land preparation tasks such as rotary tillage and trenching in small farmlands. This paper, using the finite element method, establishes a dynamic simulation model for plough blade cutting through soil. Utilising simulation and experimental data, the study inversely determined a constant value of <em>K</em> = 1.71 × 10⁻⁵ for the wear formula and developed an Archard wear mathematical model applicable to predicting plough blade wear during soil cutting. Subsequently, a Python script was developed for extracting data during the plough blade cutting process. The UMESHMOTION subroutine, combined with the ALE grid remeshing method, was then employed to simulate the wear morphology of the plough blade tip. A comprehensive numerical analysis of wear is conducted over time intervals of 2 h, 3.5 h, 5 h, and 6 h. The results indicated that the maximum wear occurred at the junction between the rear blade surface and the plough blade tip, with corresponding maximum wear amounts of 1.887 mm, 2.750 mm, 3.766 mm, and 4.359 mm. Comparison with actual wear conditions during the operation of a micro-tiller suggests that, within the same wear stage of the blade, the proposed wear numerical analysis method effectively simulated the wear amount during plough blade soil cutting. Furthermore, a comparison of wear amounts under different operational parameters showed that an increase in forward speed led to wear amount increments of 26.62 % and 35.23 %, while an increase in rotational speed resulted in wear amount increments of 17.77 % and 43.88 %. Both factors significantly impact plough blade wear.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9173,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harvest motion planning for mango picking robot based on improved RRT-Connect","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.10.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.10.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aiming at the problems of long motion path planning time and low picking efficiency of picking robots in unstructured orchard environments, a heuristic dynamic Rapidly-exploring Random Tree Connect motion planning algorithm (HDRRT-Connect) for picking robots for fast mango harvesting path planning was proposed in this study. The algorithm was obtained by introducing adaptive target gravitation strategy and heuristic dynamic step strategy based on RRT-Connect algorithm. It adjusts the step-size according to the information of the orchard environment as well as the path searching situation, so as to avoid falling into the local optimum of the path. The prototype based on the algorithm was used to carry out picking experiments in the natural orchard environment. The prototype picking test under the natural environment of the orchard is carried out, and the test results showed that the average path cost of the HDRRT-Connect algorithm was 95.7739, the average planning time was 0.448 s, and the success rate was 90%. Compared with the RRT, RRT-Connect and Probabilistic Roadmaps (PRM) algorithms, the HDRRT-Connect planning speed was improved by 95%, 24% and 59%, respectively, and the path cost was reduced by 35%, 13% and 18%, respectively. The results of the experiment verified the feasibility and efficiency of the improved algorithm. The HDRRT-Connect algorithm proposed in this study could effectively shorten the planning time, reduce the search path cost and improve the planning success rate. The research provides technical support for the fast-harvesting operation of mango picking robot.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9173,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142539423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing hydraulic efficiency in jet impingement sprinklers: Comparative analysis of aperture ratios compared with non-impingement sprinklers","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A jet impingement sprinkler was designed based on asymmetric collision between the primary and secondary jets to replace traditional rotating sprinklers that require additional water distribution devices to provide suitable water distribution at low pressures. The study focuses on the ratio of apertures between primary and secondary nozzles, deriving a theoretical relationship based on jet momentum. The factors contributing to the variation in hydraulic performance between jet-impingement and non-impinging sprinklers are elucidated by combining hydraulic performance experiments with experiments using high-speed photography (HSP). The results show that the developed jet impingement sprinkler achieved a smoother water distribution trend. The wetted radius and Christiansen's uniformity coefficient of the jet impingement sprinkler were evaluated using the Criteria Importance via the Intercriteria Correlation (CRITIC) method. A comparison of the average scores shows that an aperture ratio of 1.66 performs best under full pressure. By contrast, an aperture ratio of 1.33 exhibited superior performance at low pressure. Jet deflection angle and jet breakup length were obtained through HSP experiments. The relative error between the measured and theoretical jet deflection angles was less than 5%, demonstrating the reliability of the proposed theoretical calculation method. A non-linear curve was used to establish the relationship among the aperture ratio, diameter of the primary nozzle exit, jet breakup length, average measured jet deflection angle, working pressure, and wetted radius. The relative error between the calculated and measured values was within 4%, indicating the suitability of the new formula for calculating the wetted radius of jet impingement sprinklers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9173,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142530818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Verifying the reliability of CFD domain decomposition technique on modelling the airflow field inside a naturally ventilated cattle barn","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventionally, the airflow fields outside and inside the naturally ventilated livestock buildings are modelled simultaneously in one computational domain using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics). The presence of surrounding buildings, indoor facilities and animals for large scale cattle barns make the required computational power extremely high and even unfordable to achieve simulation results with reasonable accuracy. The Domain Decomposition Technique (DDT), dividing simulations into two separate steps, is an alternative CFD framework to provide sufficient accuracy with affordable computations at each step. The objective of this study was to verify the reliability of DDT on modelling the airflow fields inside a naturally ventilated cattle barn (NVCB) by employing wind tunnel measurements. The exterior airflow fields around the targeted NVCB, which was opened with varying opening ratios, were first simulated to obtain the airflow boundary conditions at sidewall openings by applying exterior wind conditions at the inlet of the computational domain. The interior airflow of the targeted NVCB, were secondly simulated by applying the achieved airflow boundary conditions at sidewall openings from the first step simulation. The interior airflow fields obtained by DDT were in good agreement with wind tunnel measurements. This indicates that DDT can provide an alternative for CFD application in large-scale NVCB with presence of surrounding buildings, indoor facilities and animals, though these had not been considered in this study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9173,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142530819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An effective unsupervised domain adaptation for in-field potato disease recognition","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate disease recognition through computer vision is crucial for the intelligent management of potato production. Popular data-driven classification methods face challenges including limited labelled data and poor model portability. Unsupervised Domain Adaptation (UDA) addresses these challenges with a novel learning strategy. However, the complex field environment introduces a significant domain shift problem due to varying conditions. Existing UDA methods usually concentrate on aligning global data distribution and employ a single structure for disease feature extraction, thereby limiting their efficacy in true field environment. To tackle this challenge of potato disease recognition, the Multi-Representation Adaptive Network (MRSAN) based on subdomain alignment is presented. MRSAN effectively aligns feature distributions across diverse data by minimising distribution differences among relevant subdomains. Simultaneously, the multi-representation extraction method captures finer details from various perspectives in the disease images. The combination of these two approaches efficiently mitigates the adverse effects caused by various interference factors in field environment. Based on the acquisition conditions of light variation and disease progression, two field potato disease image datasets are created, containing five and six kinds of potato leaf disease, respectively. Extensive transfer experiments are conducted on the two datasets. MRSAN achieves average classification accuracies of 87.03% and 80.06% on the datasets for the corresponding transfer tasks, outperforming the other compared methods. This not only validates the effectiveness of MRSAN but also demonstrates its robust ability to generalise across changes in regard to light variation and disease progression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9173,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142527742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Injury mechanisms in high-speed transplanting of over aged rice seedlings","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mechanical transplanting of over aged seedlings (OAS) of rice poses several challenges, including seedling mortality and a significant delay in the greening period, which severely restrict yield. The causes of these issues remain unknown. Through theoretical analysis, mechanical tests, bench tests, and growth experiments were conducted to explore the reasons for seedling mortality and the significant delay in the greening period from the perspectives of seedlings, transplanting machines, and post-transplant growth. The results indicated that OAS transplanting causes combined root and stem injuries. For 40-day-old seedlings, the energy required for stem elasto-plastic deformation ranged from 1.37 to 7.19 N mm. Within this deformation range, the stem sustains internal injury but is not considered as injured seedling. The main factors influencing stem injury were the stem's major axis length and elastic modulus, whereas root injury was primarily affected by root diameter. Root and stem injuries significantly inhibited seedling growth, as demonstrated by significant structural changes in the stem 3 days post-transplantation, along with partial seedling mortality. New roots emerged only 9 days post-transplantation, and the heart leaf growth rate and SPAD value at 12 days were only 49% and 77% those of uninjured transplanted seedlings, respectively. Based on these findings, it was concluded that the seedling mortality and significant delay in the greening period observed in OAS transplantation are due to inhibited nutrient absorption and transport, caused by stem elasto-plastic deformation and weakened root vitality. These results may serve as a basis for improving transplanting machine design and optimising rice cultivation practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9173,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142530914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of rice debranning mechanism based on tribological behaviour between rice grains","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Frictional debranning between rice grains is a fragile and energy-consuming process. Understanding the mechanism of this frictional debranning is the key to achieving moderate debranning, yet the mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. In this work, the mechanism of rice grain debranning was investigated through rice milling experiments, SEM analysis of the rice surface, and rice wear experiments. The results showed that the bran layer of rice grains exhibited different removal patterns at different milling pressures. During frictional debranning between rice grains, adhesive wear and bulk stripping of the bran layer occurred. The bran layer of the rice grain initially experiences primary damage due to adhesive wear, followed by bulk stripping at the edges of the existing damage. Pre-milling can effectively improve the debranning efficiency of rice grains. These findings should provide a theoretical reference for the design of grain milling equipment and the process improvement of grain moderate milling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9173,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142530913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of slurry separation and air-plasma treatment on NH3 and VOC emissions from field applied biogas digestate and pig slurry to grassland","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.09.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.09.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Different technologies can be utilised to mitigate environmentally harmful ammonia (NH₃) emissions after field application of liquid animal manure (slurry). After a solid-liquid separation, air-plasma technology can acidify the liquid fraction and enrich its nutrient value by increasing the amount of inorganic nitrogen. The present work investigates the emissions of NH₃ and volatile organic compounds (VOC) after field application of the following fractions of pig slurry and slurry digestate: i) untreated slurry (UN), ii) liquid fraction of slurry (LF), iii) liquid fraction of slurry treated with air from the plasma treatment (LP). Emissions were measured with a system of wind tunnels and a cavity ring-down spectrometer for NH₃ concentration measurements and a proton-transfer-reaction mass-spectrometer for measurements of VOC. For both slurry types, the cumulative NH₃ emissions were in the following order UN &gt; LF &gt; LP. All the differences were significant (P &lt; 0.05), except between pig slurry LF and LP. The reduction in cumulative NH₃ emission obtained by the treatments compared to UN were 55–74% and 70–89% for LF and LP, respectively. The slurry separation decreased dry matter by 46–54% and resulted in a rapid decrease in slurry exposed surface area after application, presumably due to high infiltration. Several VOCs were measured after application of the slurry, but continuous emission was undetectable for all VOCs. The very low VOC emission was presumably due to high infiltration of the low dry matter slurry treatments and low concentration of VOC in the digestate.<span><div><span><div><strong>Science4Impact Statement</strong></div></span><div><div>This work demonstrates how treating slurry with plasma treated air can mitigate ammonia emissions after field application. The presented findings can be used for additional technology development and verification. Future research efforts should e.g. clarify what level of solid-liquid separation is needed before treating the liquid fraction with plasma treated air, to assess whether the additional ammonia reductions are profitable. Furthermore, the findings can be used by decision makers and advisory bodies to assess the compliancy of this slurry application technology with applicable environmental regulations. The work also highlights important remaining knowledge gaps that need to be investigated before the technology can be deemed fit for wider practical application.</div></div></div></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":9173,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142445858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrient flows in biofloc-Nile tilapia culture: A semi-physical modelling approach","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.09.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.09.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biofloc culture systems potentially reduce the nutrient losses in aquaculture. However, knowledge of the nutrient flows in the system is not yet well-developed. This study deployed experimental data to develop a semi-physical model to understand the dynamics and flows of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in a biofloc-Nile tilapia-rearing system. The model involved eight process variables, which are pelleted feed A, C, N, P, fish, biofloc, periphyton, and water volume. Model calibration and validation were done under a Control-diet and High-NSP-diet, respectively. The diets differed by the type of starch in which the latter contains three times higher fibrous starch, called non-starch polysaccharides, than the former. Except for biofloc, the behaviour of the process variables fit the observations with a root mean square error (RMSE) of less than 30% of the corresponding average observations. The biofloc biomass was predicted using exponential growth model and results in a RMSE of 49% and 56% for the Control and High-NSP-diet, respectively. Scenario analyses, using the validated model, showed that the biofloc system generates less waste when the stocking density is doubled, which means double fish production and less nutrient losses. In terms of different diets, the high-NSP-diet resulted in more organic waste than the Control-diet. However, the amount of loss and unutilised C and P were similar which was mainly caused by the ability of biofloc and periphyton to assimilate more waste, especially C, in the High-NSP-diet.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9173,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}