BMC Neurology最新文献

{"title":"Global, regional, and national burden and trends of headache disorders among children and adolescent (5-24 years old) from 1990 to 2021.","authors":"Hua Pei, Jiao Su, Jingjing Li, Yuanhao Liang, Xiaofeng He","doi":"10.1186/s12883-025-04367-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-025-04367-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9170,"journal":{"name":"BMC Neurology","volume":"25 1","pages":"357"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12382246/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144943066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical profile, atrophy and inheritance patterns of pathogenic MAPT gene mutations in Frontotemporal dementia detected using whole exome sequencing: a single-center first report from India.","authors":"Subasree Ramakrishnan, Faheem Arshad, B S Keerthana, Susan Bosco, Arun Gokul Pon, V H Ganaraja, Deekshitha Madhusudhan, R Mahima, Gautham Arunachal, Karthick Kulanthaivelu, Suvarna Alladi","doi":"10.1186/s12883-025-04336-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-025-04336-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) is one of the common causes of early-onset degenerative dementia and is a clinically and pathologically heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders. Globally, Microtubule Associated Protein Tau (MAPT), progranulin (GRN), and Chromosome 9 open reading frame 72(C9orf72) are the common FTD genetic mutations. However, they have not been reported from India, and only one progranulin (PGRN) mutation has been reported so far. This study aims to describe the clinical features and radiological patterns of seven patients of FTD harbouring pathogenic MAPT mutations from an Indian cohort of Frontotemporal dementia, using whole-exome sequencing (WES) for the first time.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Subjects with dementia fulfilling the criteria for frontotemporal dementia were recruited from a teaching university hospital in South India. All of them underwent detailed clinical evaluation, neuroimaging, and genetic analysis by Whole Exome Sequencing (WES).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 86 patients with FTD who underwent WES, seven had MAPT mutations. Notably, two are novel variants.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the Indian context, pathogenic MAPT in FTD is being reported for the first time and notably from a single center by WES. Identifying pathogenic MAPT genes is important in planning mutation-specific clinical trials and understanding ethical and cultural differences in genetic FTD inheritance.</p>","PeriodicalId":9170,"journal":{"name":"BMC Neurology","volume":"25 1","pages":"353"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12382150/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144943181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical implications of platelet reactivity after antiplatelet initiation in patients with acute ischaemic stroke.","authors":"Teck Long King, Shirley Siang Ning Tan, Lee Len Tiong, Irene Yee Yew Chieng, Wan Chung Law","doi":"10.1186/s12883-025-04396-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12883-025-04396-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>High on-treatment platelet reactivity (HOTPR) may undermine the efficacy of antiplatelet therapy in acute stroke. This study aimed to assess platelet reactivity and HOTPR status during the acute phase of ischaemic stroke following antiplatelet initiation, and to determine their associations with stroke outcomes in a Malaysian cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective, observational study enrolled patients with acute ischaemic stroke at Sarawak General Hospital. Platelet reactivity was measured at baseline and on Days 1 and 3 post-antiplatelet therapy using Multiplate^® Analyser. HOTPR was defined by ASPItest (> 30 U) or ADPtest (> 46 U) values. The primary outcome was recurrent stroke at one year, while secondary outcomes included early neurological deterioration (END), poor functional outcome (mRS ≥ 2) at three months, and all-cause mortality at one year. Cox and logistic regression models adjusted for clinical covariates were used, with Firth's correction applied for rare events and model non-convergence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 198 participants were enrolled, with a mean age of 59.8 years; 66.7% were male. At one year, 9.1% experienced recurrent stroke, 9.6% had died, 9.2% experienced END during admission, and 21.6% had mRS ≥ 2 at three months. HOTPR rates decreased by Day 3 (aspirin: Day 1 20.0% to Day 3 6.6%; clopidogrel: 50.5-28.0%), with persistent HOTPR in 11.8% (aspirin) and 39.2% (clopidogrel). Some initially normal responders developed HOTPR by Day 3 (aspirin 5.4%, clopidogrel 16.3%). Platelet reactivity and HOTPR status on Days 1 and 3 were not significantly associated with recurrent stroke at one year or END. However, higher ADPtest values on Day 1 [OR 1.05 (95% CI 1.00, 1.09), p = 0.037], clopidogrel HOTPR on Days 1 and 3 [OR 20.99 (95% CI 1.53, 7089.91), p = 0.017; OR 16.58 (95% CI 1.57, 24326.82), p = 0.017], and persistent clopidogrel HOTPR on both days [OR 45.25 (95% CI 2.34, 21861.76), p = 0.007] were significantly associated with poor functional outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Platelet reactivity and HOTPR status were not associated with recurrent stroke and END. However, higher ADPtest values and clopidogrel-related HOTPR were associated with poor functional outcomes. Further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical utility of platelet reactivity monitoring in acute stroke management.</p>","PeriodicalId":9170,"journal":{"name":"BMC Neurology","volume":"25 1","pages":"362"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12382029/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144943155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the potential of deep brain stimulation in managing cluster headache: a systematic review.","authors":"Olivier Uwishema, Sanobar Shariff, Judy Ahmad El Chakik, Lydia Daniel Bisetegn, Omar Alomari, Magda Wojtara","doi":"10.1186/s12883-025-04373-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-025-04373-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The debilitating nature of cluster headache (CH) is typified by intense, repeated cephalgia that are often referred to as \"suicide headaches\" owing to their severity. Individuals may not respond appropriately to therapeutic interventions despite various alternatives being readily available. This warrants an investigation into further management options. One of the promising solutions for CH has been identified as deep brain stimulation (DBS), which specifically targets the posterior hypothalamus.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This systematic review aims to summarize the current literature on the safety and efficacy of DBS in the management of CH.</p><p><strong>Method and materials: </strong>A comprehensive literature search identified 15 relevant studies comprising clinical trials, case reports, and observational studies from Embase, Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020 standards.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The systematic review elucidated that DBS, with a focus on the posterior hypothalamus, facilitated significant reductions in the frequency, severity, and duration of cephalgic 'attacks' associated with CH observed. While individual responses varied, DBS was generally well-tolerated, with transient and reversible adverse effects involving focal neurological deficits (i.e., diplopia) being the most common. Importantly, long-term benefits were observed in vast populations, improving their overall quality of life. Furthermore, DBS demonstrated effects beyond localized hypothalamic stimulation, with evidence suggesting modulation of the pain processing network. Additionally, DBS was found to alleviate nocturnal CH attacks without disrupting circadian rhythms. These findings suggest that DBS holds promise as a therapeutic option for CH, particularly in individuals refractory to other treatments.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Existing research suggests that DBS, particularly when targeting the posterior hypothalamus, can significantly reduce CH 'attack' frequency, severity, and duration. Further research should focus on patient selection criteria and a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underpinning DBS to optimize its effectiveness in managing such a disabling cephalgia.</p>","PeriodicalId":9170,"journal":{"name":"BMC Neurology","volume":"25 1","pages":"358"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12382023/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144943080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conus medullaris and cauda equina syndrome as complications of non-imaging guided epidural steroid injection: two case reports with comprehensive interdisciplinary work-up.","authors":"Oliver Gross, Kerstin Schweyer, Benjamin Fritz, Thomas M Kessler, Martin Schubert, Armin Curt, Carl M Zipser","doi":"10.1186/s12883-025-04377-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-025-04377-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Epidural steroid injection (ESI) is commonly performed in the outpatient setting for relieving lumbosacral radicular pain, i.e., sciatica. Neurological and neuro-urological adverse events are rare but devastating when occurring. This led to a warning of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration about the use of corticosteroids in the spine. Reviews on causes and numbers of complications are lacking.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>Two cases from our tertiary spine center who sustained conus medullaris and cauda equina syndrome following ESI in a secondary care setting not affiliated with our institution. Both patients received ESI for the treatment of chronic lower back pain without sciatica and any reported neurological impairment prior to the injection. In both Case 1 (F, 72yrs) and Case 2 (F, 72yrs), ESI was administered without imaging-guidance and without pre-interventional lumbar MRI. We assessed both patients by thorough neurological examination, comprehensive neuroimaging, neurophysiology, and neuro-urological assessments. Case 1 had cauda equina syndrome, arachnoiditis was diagnosed from lumbar MRI. Case 2 had conus medullaris syndrome probably related to a reported accidental dura puncture. Symptoms of lumbosacral sensory impairment partly recovered, motor symptoms recovered, but neurogenic lower urinary tract and bowel dysfunction persisted. One patient still requires intermittent self-catheterization, while the other patient suffers from bowel dysfunction at 2-yr follow up.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Although neurological complications from ESI are rarely reported they can be associated with serious long-term impairments. Comprehensive diagnostic work-up is required to discern potential underlying pathomechanisms and to quantify neural damage load. Neuro-urological diagnostics is required to reveal bladder-bowel dysfunction, install proper management and to prevent secondary complications. We advocate imaging-guidance in ESI to reduce the rate of neurological complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":9170,"journal":{"name":"BMC Neurology","volume":"25 1","pages":"356"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12382026/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144942846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The global patent landscape of the drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease from 2014-2023.","authors":"Yan Xu, Yuan Gao","doi":"10.1186/s12883-025-04352-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-025-04352-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder lacking a definitive cure, spurring global efforts to develop effective therapeutic agents. Patent data can provide critical insights into research investments, innovation trends, and market dynamics.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study offers a comprehensive ten-year overview (2014-2023) of granted AD drug patents, focusing on patent families (A 'patent family' refers to a set of patents or patent applications in different jurisdictions claiming priority to the same original invention. In contrast, a 'patent' typically denotes a single jurisdiction-specific grant. When we aggregate data by families, we seek to avoid double-counting the same invention filed in multiple regions and to measure an invention's overall global protection strategy.) to consolidate international filings for the same invention. By highlighting top assignees, citation impact, and molecular targets, we aim to clarify current R&D directions and identify emerging opportunities in AD drug development.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We extracted 2,088 AD drug patent families from the IncoPat database using International Patent Classification (IPC) codes (A61K, A61P) and keyword searches (\"Alzheimer\" or \"Alzheimer's disease\"). We excluded irrelevant items (e.g., test reagents) and concentrated on legally granted patents to ensure reliable and enforceable innovations. Geographic layouts, applicant rankings, and citation analyses were conducted to reveal innovation hotspots and high-impact patents.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Annual granted patent volumes remained stable until a slight decline after 2021. While large pharmaceutical companies (e.g., Hoffmann-La Roche) dominated in terms of total patent families, several highly cited patents originated from smaller or less prolific applicants, reflecting unique or foundational breakthroughs. The United States led in patent counts, yet notable growth was seen in China and other emerging markets. Small-molecule compounds (including isoindoline derivatives) and monoclonal antibodies were predominant targets, though gene therapy and neuroinflammation-focused patents also gained traction.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings highlight how AD patent landscapes integrate multiple scientific pathways and commercial strategies. The discrepancy between top patentees and top-cited inventions underscores the multifaceted nature of innovation in AD therapeutics. These insights, combined with broader scientific context, may guide policy decisions, R&D collaborations, and future research priorities in tackling this urgent healthcare challenge.</p>","PeriodicalId":9170,"journal":{"name":"BMC Neurology","volume":"25 1","pages":"361"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12382284/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144943169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential gene expression and immune profiling in Parkinson's disease: unveiling potential candidate biomarkers.","authors":"Xiuping Yao, Peng Wang, Zhenqiang Huang, Lingyun Li","doi":"10.1186/s12883-025-04388-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-025-04388-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Parkinson's disease (PD) represents a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a multifaceted interaction with immune infiltration. Despite a well-defined clinical diagnosis, the misdiagnosis rate of PD remains around 20%. The aim of this study is to discover new diagnostic biomarkers for PD and investigate their pathogenesis to improve early intervention and effective management of patients with PD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Five PD-related GEO datasets were used: four for training (GSE7621, GSE8397, GSE20186, and GSE20292) and one for validation (GSE26927). Gene expression analysis included batch correction and \"RobustRankAggreg\" (RRA) methods. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were linked to functions via Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Hub genes were identified using CytoHubba in Cytoscape and validated with ROC analysis. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) confirmed hub gene expression in PD patients' substantia nigra. CIBERSORT, along with the Wilcoxon test and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression, analyzed differences in immune cell abundance between PD patients and healthy controls (HC). Spearman's rank correlation in R explored the link between biomarkers and immune cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The intersection of two methods identified 124 DEGs in PD. GO analysis revealed enrichment in neurotransmitter transport, while KEGG analysis identified involvement in the dopaminergic synapse pathway. Three hub genes (DDC, NEFL, and SLC18A2) were identified using the \"UpSet\" R package, and their expression was significantly lower in PD patients than in the HC group (all p < 0.05), as confirmed by RT-qPCR. LASSO regression and ROC analysis demonstrated that SLC18A2 could diagnose PD with high specificity and sensitivity in both training (0.85 and 0.84) and validation sets (1.00 and 0.75). CIBERSORT analysis showed increased memory B cells, activated mast cells, NK cells, and CD8⁺ T cells in PD, with notable differences in the abundance of memory B cells and activated mast cells between PD and HC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study identifies SLC18A2 as a potential candidate biomarker for PD and emphasizes the involvement of memory B cells and activated mast cells in the onset and progression of the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":9170,"journal":{"name":"BMC Neurology","volume":"25 1","pages":"354"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12382031/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144942805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glutamatergic and GABAergic metabolite levels in Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Rasoul Ebrahimi, Sana Mohammad Soltani, Mohammad Mahdi Masouri, Mojtaba Seifi, Kiana Ghafourian, Shokoofe Noori","doi":"10.1186/s12883-025-04375-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-025-04375-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis compares glutamate, glutamine, and GABA levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood, and brain tissue between individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cognitively unimpaired (CU) controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We systematically searched PubMed and Web of Science up to February 20, 2025, for studies reporting GABA, glutamate, or glutamine levels in AD and CU controls. Effect sizes were calculated using Hedges' g, with heterogeneity assessed via I² statistics and publication bias evaluated using funnel plots and Egger's and Begg's tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 14,857 records, 53 studies were included. Glutamate levels were significantly lower in AD brains, including the cortex (SMD = - 0.42; 95% CI [-0.79, - 0.05]; I² = 67.26%; p = 0.03), hippocampus (SMD = - 0.56; 95% CI [-0.91, - 0.20]; I² = 37.29%; p < 0.05), and temporal cortex (SMD = - 0.87; 95% CI [-1.52, - 0.23]; I² = 77.60%; p = 0.01), but not in CSF or blood. Glutamine showed no significant differences in brain regions, CSF, or blood. GABA levels were significantly lower in AD patients across the cortex (SMD = - 0.53; 95% CI [-0.81, - 0.25]; I² = 58.60%; p < 0.05), CSF (SMD = - 0.38; 95% CI [-0.65, - 0.11]; I² = 0.00%; p = 0.01), and blood (SMD = - 0.72; 95% CI [-1.08, - 0.37]; I² = 43.18%; p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings underscore the potential of targeting glutamatergic and GABAergic systems in AD clinical research. We recommend prioritizing future investigations in earlier disease stages, such as preclinical AD and mild cognitive impairment.</p>","PeriodicalId":9170,"journal":{"name":"BMC Neurology","volume":"25 1","pages":"344"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12379390/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144943008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mediating effects of social and intellectual activities on cognitive decline caused by hearing loss: insights from the China health and retirement longitudinal study (CHARLS).","authors":"Pengcheng Jiao, Yixuan Liu, Huiqian Yu","doi":"10.1186/s12883-025-04353-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-025-04353-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hearing impairment is increasingly recognized as a pivotal determinant of cognitive function. As the global population ages, the urgency to pinpoint and leverage modifiable risk factors to alleviate cognitive deterioration intensifies.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This investigation seeks to delineate the correlation between auditory deficits and cognitive capabilities, especially examining the intermediary influence of social and intellectual engagements on this dynamic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This research utilized cross-sectional data from the 2015 iteration of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). A multiple linear regression model was utilized to assess the relationship between hearing loss and cognitive function. Furthermore, mediation analysis was performed to investigate the mediating role of social and intellectual activities in this association.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis revealed a pronounced negative association between hearing loss and cognitive function (B = -0.531, 95% CI: -0.658 to -0.390). After adjusting for social and intellectual activities, hearing loss was found to be 92.15% of the total observed effect on cognitive decline. In the mediation analysis, social and intellectual activities were found to mediate approximately 7.85% of the relationship between hearing loss and cognitive decline.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings highlight the association between hearing loss and reduced cognitive function and suggest that greater engagement in social and intellectual activities may be related to better cognitive outcomes. These results support the potential value of enhancing hearing screening and promoting activity engagement among older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":9170,"journal":{"name":"BMC Neurology","volume":"25 1","pages":"351"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12379438/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144943011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Central nervous system infections in patients with anti-interferon-γ autoantibodies: case series and review of the literature.","authors":"Yan Ning, Hanlin Liang, Siqiao Liang, Xiaona Liang, Xuemei Huang, Zhiyi He","doi":"10.1186/s12883-025-04380-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-025-04380-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recently, increased reports reveal that anti-interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) autoantibodies (AIGAs) are strongly associated with several severe disseminated infections. However, reports on AIGAs with central nervous system (CNS) infections are rare. Here, we described three AIGAs-positive adults who had persistent or recurrent disseminated infections caused by Talaromyces marneffei (TM), nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB), or other pathogens, accompanied with CNS infections. In addition, we conducted a thorough literature review of AIGAs-positive patients with CNS infections.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report three HIV-negative cases of recurrent disseminated infections including CNS, and AIGAs were measured. All patients had no history of underlying diseases or immunosuppression and presented with fever, cough, and headache. They were negative for HIV antibodies but positive for AIGAs. The patients were diagnosed with CNS infections based on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination and next-generation sequencing (NGS). All patients received anti-infective treatment according to different pathogens, and their condition remained stable without recurrence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In adults with severe and recurrent infections of multiple organs without known immunodeficiency, adult-onset immunodeficiency (AOID) associated with AIGAs should be considered. In AIGAs-positive patients, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) may be disrupted, leading to susceptibility to CNS infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":9170,"journal":{"name":"BMC Neurology","volume":"25 1","pages":"345"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12376722/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144943089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}