Journal of stem cell research & therapeutics最新文献

{"title":"Immunocytochemical reactions in the brittle-star: ophiocomina nigra after immunization","authors":"Michel Leclerc Henrik Sundh, B. Hernroth","doi":"10.15406/JSRT.2017.02.00086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JSRT.2017.02.00086","url":null,"abstract":"Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com system. Immunocytochemical positive reactions were observed in 1973 in the sea star Asterina gibbosa (Asterid, Echinoderm) after injections of various proteins [1]. It seemed interesting to look for similar reactions in the Ophuirid: Ophiocomina nigra (another echinoderm) which possesses also an axial organ. The sea star axial organ, an ancestral lymphoïd organ shows immune adaptative reactions [2] and presents a primitive antibody [3] The question was : «Are the Ophiocomina and Asterina gibbosa axial organs similars from the point of view of immunocompetence ?» So, we have repeated an experimental protocol in Ophiocomina nigra which resembles to the sea star one of 1973, at the level, exclusively, of cytologic observations.","PeriodicalId":91560,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research & therapeutics","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76045184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced image analysis of stem cells and tumor initiating cells","authors":"B. Laffin","doi":"10.15406/JSRT.2017.02.00085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JSRT.2017.02.00085","url":null,"abstract":"Telomapping combined with advanced spatial recognition approaches allows the identification of adult stem cells within their native niches (unpublished results), which is of great relevance for regenerative medicine and oncology in general. Telomerase activity is a critical and unique aspect of stem cell function, and essential to experimental induction of stem cell characteristics in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Telomere length is the most straightforward readout of telomerase activity, and can be measured accurately by image analysis of slides prepared using such a telomapping approach. Studies highlighting the significant lifespan increase in mice through telomerase gene therapy [5] or the rejuvenating effects of telomere elongation [6] have used this approach, which is based on Definiens’ Cognition Network Technology (CNT) image analysis methods [7]. In multiplexed IF images of histological sections of organs, nuclei are segmented based on their DAPI signals. Based on their spatial patterns, hierarchical super-structures such as villi in mouse intestine and Lieberkühn crypts at their bottom are identified, which allow the specific topological assessment of their nuclear sub-objects. Within every nucleus, individual telomere substructures are segmented and telomere length is quantified as a function of the signal intensity of a fluorescently labeled PNA-telomeric probe. The method facilitates not only a binary determination of the stemness of cells in histological sections, but allows a detailed, continuous quantification of telomere length. Cells with longest telomeres characterize most primitive adult stem cells, while shorter telomeres usually mark the more differentiated compartments in a given tissue [8]. The detection and characterization of stem cells in healthy or disease conditions can contribute to a better understanding of treatment response.","PeriodicalId":91560,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research & therapeutics","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77158402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The hypoxic microenvironment of stem cells and their progenies of the heart","authors":"Poonam Sharma, G. Figtree, Carmine Gentil","doi":"10.15406/JSRT.2017.02.00084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JSRT.2017.02.00084","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of lifelong disability and the most common form of heart disease is ischaemic heart disease, characterized by an imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and its demand. This can lead to disturbances in impulse formation and conduction in the heart in the form of arrhythmias. During myocardial infarction, a sustained ischaemia leads to irreversible necrosis of the heart muscle and a plethora of stem cell therapies have been investigated to treat cardiovascular disease.1,2 Several studies testing the regenerative potential of stem cells to treat cardiovascular disease in humans have focused on designing the optimal microenvironment for these cells.3 Based on their potency, stem cells of the heart can be divided as: i) totipotent; ii) pluripotent, such as “embryonic stem cells” (“ESCs”) and “induced-pluripotent stem cells” (“iPSCs”); iii) multipotent, such as “hematopoietic stem cells” (“HSCs”) and “mesenchymal stem cells” (“MSCs”); and iv) unipotent, such as “cardiac stem cells” (“CSCs”).3 Lastly, other progenitor cells of the heart can be identified, such as “skeletal myoblasts” (also referred to as “skeletal muscle satellite cells”) and “mesodermal VEGFR2+ cardiac progenitor cells”.3 For regenerative therapy purposes, several stem cell types and progenies at different developmental stages have been considered for transplantation into the ischemic and hold promise for future studies aiming at regenerate the heart in cardiovascular disease patients as described in this review.","PeriodicalId":91560,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research & therapeutics","volume":"27 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83995147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Future application of deubiquitylating enzymes for rapid and efficient cellular reprogramming","authors":"Saba Haq, S. Ramakrishna","doi":"10.15406/jsrt.2017.02.00083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jsrt.2017.02.00083","url":null,"abstract":"Abbreviations: DUB, deubiquitylating enzyme; ESCs, embryonic stem cells; ICM, inner cell mass; PTM, post-translational modification; iPSCs, induced pluripotent stem cells; USP, ubiquitin-specific processing protease; UCH, ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase; OUT, otu-domain ubiquitin aldehyde binding protein; JAMM, jad1/pad/mpn-domain-containing metalloenzyme; MCPIP, monocyte chemotactic protein-induced protease; PSC, pluripotent stem cell; CNS, central nervous system; CPP, cell penetrating peptide; piPSCs, protein-induced pluripotentstem cells; WWP2, ww domain-containing protein 2; UPS, ubiquitin proteasome system; MEFs, mouse embryonic fibroblasts; FBXW8, f-box/wd repeat-containing protein 8","PeriodicalId":91560,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research & therapeutics","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90945936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stem cell-based repair and regeneration of articular cartilage","authors":"H. J. Paek, Courtney Kim, R. Tuan","doi":"10.15406/JSRT.2017.02.00082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JSRT.2017.02.00082","url":null,"abstract":"Articular cartilage is a highly specialized tissue, that when critically injured has an extremely limited capacity for regeneration. Accordingly, a clinically acceptable treatment option without risks and recurrence is currently unavailable. Inadequately treated destructive and degenerative cartilage injuries will often develop into progressive joint degeneration or osteoarthritis. Conventional surgical treatments frequently produce fibrocartilage, which cannot support the original cartilage function and deteriorates rapidly, while other conservative therapies only offer symptomatic relief. Here, we review the current tissue engineering technology for cartilage repair and describe our efforts to develop advanced cell-based engineered constructs to replace structural and biological functions, and to facilitate the regeneration of new cartilage. To overcome the limited source of available autologous chondrocytes provide only a limited population for growth and repair, hence the utility of adult bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been actively investigated. Biocompatible and biodegradable scaffolds, including poly-ε-caprolactone, poly-L-lactic acid, alginate, and collagen type I, have also been evaluated for their physical maneuverability, compatibility, and structural support of mesenchymal stem cells integrated into host cartilage tissue. The combination of MSCs with biomaterial scaffolds produced hyaline cartilage-like tissue with smooth articular surfaces, biochemical compositions most like that of native cartilage, and with stronger mechanical properties. As bone marrow derived MSCs are typically extracted by rather invasive means, recent studies suggest that adipose-derived stromal cells may provide similar therapeutic benefits with isolation methods that are less invasive. Based on a growing body of evidence, future strategies should clarify the role of MSCs and perhaps consider the use of adipose-derived MSCs combined with a durable and physiologically compatible biological scaffold.","PeriodicalId":91560,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research & therapeutics","volume":"178 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76463610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of calcium bio-minerals in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering","authors":"R. Upadhyay","doi":"10.15406/JSRT.2017.02.00081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JSRT.2017.02.00081","url":null,"abstract":"J Stem Cell Res Ther 2017, 2(6): 00081 Abstract Present review article emphasize role of biominerals in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Among all biominerals calcium is essential for body growth and development. It also performs many fundamental functions in cellular metabolism. Inside cell organic matrix is calcified by calcium phosphate minerals. It also embeds bone cells which participate in the maintenance and organization of bone. This article also emphasizes use of hydroxyapatite a natural mineral used as a bone-building supplement with superior absorption in comparison to calcium. It also explains use of scaffolds that mimic the structure and composition of bone tissue and cells. It also signifies use of HAc microparticles or microparticles loaded with PL, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, composite scaffolds of nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp) and silk fibroin (SF) in bone regeneration mainly in osteoregenerative therapy. For better and successful bone regeneration there is a need to develop low cost sintered hydroxyfluorapatite discs to support cellular proliferation and colonization, tailored mineralization, cell and drug delivery. All adhesion components should show low immunoreactivity and high biocompatibility with natural bone tissues. There is an essential need to make new biocompatible materials for scaffolding, biomeinerals and cementing formulations for regeneration of bones, craniomaxillofacial, dental and orthopedic surgery.","PeriodicalId":91560,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research & therapeutics","volume":"06 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86114478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pluripotent stem cell technology: a promising remedy for hypopigmentation disorders","authors":"Kamal Uddin Zaidi, Sharique Aa, A. Sá, V. Thawani","doi":"10.15406/JSRT.2017.02.00080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JSRT.2017.02.00080","url":null,"abstract":"The epidermal melanocytes protect the skin from UV rays and their functional destruction causes pigmentation disorders. The mutations of melanocyte stem cells cause melanomas. The mechanism of melanocyte differentiation and defining characteristics of melanocyte stem cells in humans are still not fully known. The autologous cultured melanocytes may be useful in the treatment of vitiligo.1,2 In contrast to the foreskin melanocytes, expansion of adult melanocytes is not easy. Transplanted pigment cells are known to have repaired the affected area of skin discoloration from vitiligo. Vitiligo affects about two million people in the US. Vitiligo occurs when the body considers melanocytes, cells which give color to the skin, as foreign. In vitiligo the body’s own immune system attacks those cells, hence it is an autoimmune disease. Hair follicle has three types of stem cells which are vital to hair development. These incorporate epithelial stem cells (ESCs), melanocytes stem cells (MelSCs) and neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) which are known as human fetal stem cells (hFSCs).3 Modeling of neural crest induction, melanocyte specification, and disease-related pigmentation defects in hESCs and patient-specific iPSCs has been reported.4 The safety and tolerability of subretinal transplantation of human embryonic-stem-cell (hESCs)-derived retinal pigment epithelium in Asians for the treatment of macular degeneration has been reported.5 It has been confirmed that Proteaseactivated receptor-2 is involved in melanogenesis by mediating stem cell factor production in keratinocytes.6 The enthusiasm for vitiligo exploration is coordinated towards the repositories of stem cells, especially the hFSCs. We hereby summarize recent advances in studies of pluripotent stem cells and its utility in vitiligo with specific accentuation on hFSCs. Reconstruction of pigmentary system using stem cell technology","PeriodicalId":91560,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research & therapeutics","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73111248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesenchymal stem cells and platelet derived concentrates in regenerative medicine","authors":"Mohsen Sheykhhasan","doi":"10.15406/JSRT.2017.02.00079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JSRT.2017.02.00079","url":null,"abstract":"In the recent years, the unique characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), consisting their angiogenesis and vascularization activity, as well as anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer and immunosuppressive features plusdifferentiation capability into multilineage cell, have provided huge favorite among clinicians and researchers that theirs experiments has focused on treatment of different diseases. Additionally, Platelet-derived concentrates, including platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), are remarkably being utilized for lesion healing. In this article, we will be discussed a mini-review on the some of the application of mesenchymal stem cells and platelet derived concentrates in regenerative medicine.","PeriodicalId":91560,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research & therapeutics","volume":"17 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89575941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial and viral contamination of animal and stem cell cultures: common contaminants, detection and elimination","authors":"Amena Mahmood, Shakir Ali","doi":"10.15406/JSRT.2017.02.00078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JSRT.2017.02.00078","url":null,"abstract":"The microbial contamination of animal cell culture, including stem cells, such as the blood stem cells, is a common problem of cell culture laboratories. It is important to identify the types of microorganisms commonly contaminating the cell culture and the sources of contaminating microorganisms, as well as see their effects on cells in culture. This mini review provides a short account of common microbial contaminations of stem cell and animal cell cultures, their detection and elimination, as well as standard practices to ensure a healthy and sterile cell culture, and a brief account of methods used for identification of contaminating microorganisms in cell culture.","PeriodicalId":91560,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research & therapeutics","volume":"213 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89020402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of cell based approaches in cancer immunotherapy","authors":"Anjum Mahmood, A. Srivastava, S. Srivastava, P. Hiteshree, Ya., Neel Khokhani, D. Patel, Rangnath Mishra","doi":"10.15406/jsrt.2017.02.00077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jsrt.2017.02.00077","url":null,"abstract":"An integrated immune system prevents development and progression of neoplastic cells in a process termed as immune surveillance. T-cells play an important role in detecting and eliminating tumor cells. In turn, they are dependent on dendritic cells for tumor antigen presentation and activation signals to stimulate them. One of the most important reasons behind failure of cancer immunosurveillance is hampered T-cell activity due to lack of co-stimulatory activation signals by dendritic cells resulting into peripheral tolerance. Other factors driving tumor progression include immunosuppressive tumor micro-environment, infiltration of regulatory T cells, release of immunosuppressive cytokines like IL-10 and TGF-β, reduced expression of MHC molecules, myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and heterogeneity of tumor sub-clones at the genetic level. Studies have shown that expansion of Treg cells is associated with poor prognosis and reduced survival. Similarly, abnormal accumulation of MDSCs is also correlated with tumor evasion mechanism. Though, chemotherapy is first line of treatment, the efficacy is restricted later due to development of drug resistance. The major reasons for resistance development includes drug-targeted gene amplification (e.g. BRAF gene) and substitution mutation in some cancer cells leading to the escape of drug cytotoxic effect.1 Further, non-specific cytotoxicity of chemo agents result into lymphodepliton. To address all these issues, new therapeutic interventions are required which alone or in combination alter the tumor microenvironment to enhance beneficial effects without causing toxicity. In this context, immunotherapy is expected to play significant role. Cancer immunotherapy can be defined as set of techniques aimed to eliminate malignant tumors through mechanisms involving immune system responses. The agents driving immune alteration are termed as immunomodulators. In this review, we will discuss briefly some of specific methods mediating immunomodulation including dendritic cell based approaches, adoptive T cells transfer and mesenchymal stem cells based targeted delivery of drugs.","PeriodicalId":91560,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research & therapeutics","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90271330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}