Journal of HIV and AIDS最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of Associated Factors of Tuberculosis among HIV/AIDS Patients in Misha District, Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Ermeko T, Lire F, Lette A, Lamore Y, Wordofa D","doi":"10.16966/2380-5536.180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16966/2380-5536.180","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a non-degenerative disease, which has a high negative health impact on both developed as well as developing countries. HIV, AIDS has increased the chance of TB occurrence.","PeriodicalId":91542,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HIV and AIDS","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67392490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuropsychological Characteristics of Adults with HIV: A Systematic Review","authors":"Natalia Cc, A. Sr, Maddox Yt","doi":"10.16966/2380-5536.182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16966/2380-5536.182","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND) is frequently reported even in patients undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy (ART), however, its severity, the main affected domains, and its relationship with ART are not well understood.","PeriodicalId":91542,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HIV and AIDS","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67392508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DING Protein Inhibits Transcription of HIV-1 Gene through Suppression of Phosphorylation of NF-κB p65.","authors":"Nune Darbinian,&nbsp;Armine Darbinyan,&nbsp;Nana Merabova,&nbsp;Rebeccah Gomberg,&nbsp;Erik Chabriere,&nbsp;Malgorzata Simm,&nbsp;Michael E Selzer,&nbsp;Shohreh Amini","doi":"10.16966/2380-5536.175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16966/2380-5536.175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Novel plant DING proteins (full-length 38 kDa p38SJ, and 27 kDa p27SJ) exhibit phosphatase activity and modulate HIV-1 gene transcription. Previously, we demonstrated that DING regulates HIV-1 gene transcription by dephosphorylation and inactivation of CTD RNA polymerase II, the major elongating factor of HIV-1 Long Terminal Repeats (LTR). Because the transcription of HIV-1 is controlled by several viral and cellular factors, including p65/p50 subunits of NF-κB, we hypothesized that DING phosphatase can also affect the phosphorylation and activity of p65 NF-κB, in addition to C-terminal Domain (CTD) of RNA Polymerase II (RNAPII), to suppress HIV-1 gene transcription and inhibit HIV-1 infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Here, we describe the inhibition of HIV-1 infection and the p65/p50 NF-κB phosphorylation by DING protein, analyzed by ELISA and northern-blot assays, western-blot assays, cell fractionation, and promoter-reporter assays in DING-expressing cells, using a pTet-on inducible system.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results from HIV-1 infection assays demonstrate a strong inhibition of HIV-1 and HIV-LTR RNA expression by DING protein, determined by p24 ELISA and by northern blot assay. Results from the western blot assays and cell fractionation assays show that there is an increase in the level of hypo-phosphorylated form of p65 NF-κB in DING-expressing cells. Both fractions of p65/p50, nuclear or cytoplasmic, are affected by DING phosphatase, but more cytoplasmic accumulation of p65 NF-κB was found in the presence of DING, suggesting that subsequent activation and nuclear import of active NF-κB is affected by DING. The major portion of nuclear p65 was dephosphorylated in DING-expressing cells. The promoter-reporter assay demonstrated that DING-mediated dephosphorylation and dysregulation of NF-κB p65 lead to the suppression of its binding to HIV-1 LTR, and resulted in the inhibition of p65-mediated activation of LTR transcription. Mapping of the region within LTR that was affected by DING revealed that both, NF-κB and CTD RNA Polymerase II binding sites were important, and cooperativity of these cellular factors was diminished by DING. In addition, mapping of the region within DING-p38SJ that affected LTR transcription, revealed that phosphate-binding domain is essential for this inhibitory activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We have demonstrated the effect of DING phosphatases on HIV-1 infection, phosphorylation of p65 NF-κB, and transcription of HIV-1 LTR. Our studies suggest that one possible mechanism by which DING can regulate the expression of HIV-1 LTR can be through dysregulation of the transcription factor NF-κB p65 by preventing its phosphorylation and translocation to the nucleus and binding to the HIV-1 LTR, an action that could contribute to the utility of DING p38SJ as an antiviral agent. Importantly, DING not only inhibits HIV-1 LTR gene transcription in the presence of i","PeriodicalId":91542,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HIV and AIDS","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8296972/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39221379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HIV-1 and HIV-1-Tat Induce Mitochondrial DNA Damage in Human Neurons.","authors":"Nune Darbinian, Armine Darbinyan, Nana Merabova, Michael E Selzer, Shohreh Amini","doi":"10.16966/2380-5536.176","DOIUrl":"10.16966/2380-5536.176","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Mitochondrial dysregulation is a key event in HIV-1 infection. Recent studies have suggested that age-related neurodegenerative disorders are associated with increased mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage. As accelerated ageing was found in HIV-1 patients, we hypothesized that HIV-1 infection or HIV-1 proteins can lead to mtDNA damage. Unrepaired mtDNA impairs mitochondrial function, which can lead to oxidative stress and cell death. Investigations of mechanisms of mtDNA damage are limited by the lack of available human models.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We compared mtDNA or nDNA (nuclear DNA) damage in human cortical neurons and PBMC cells. Primary neuronal cultures were incubated with conditioned media from HIV-1 infected PBMC, or HIV-1 viral proteins Tat or Vpr. Total genomic DNA (nuclear and mtDNA) was isolated using the QIAamp Kit. Nuclear and mtDNA were amplified using the long q-PCR/Gene Amp XL Kit. Real-Time RT-PCR using mitochondrial energy metabolism array was performed to assess mitochondrial energy metabolism markers. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in neuronal cells was measured by the OxiSelect SOD Activity Assay. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined by the confocal microscopy. ATP levels were analyzed using ATP determination biochemical assay. Mitochondrial, cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins were studied by quantitative western-blot assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We show that both treatment of neuronal cells with HIV-1 conditioned media, or infection of PBMC with HIV-1 increase mtDNA damage in cells. mtDNA damage was also seen in neuronal cells, incubated with HIV-1 proteins, Tat and Vpr. Next, we confirmed that mtDNA damage was also increased in neuronal cells transfected by Tat expressing plasmids. We showed that mtDNA was not damaged in neuronal cells following treatment with heat inactivated HIV-1 or Tat protein. Further, we demonstrated that HIV-1 or Tat caused more mtDNA damage compared to nuclear DNA damage in neuronal cells. Finally, we showed that Tat dysregulates RNA expression of several genes regulating mitochondrial energy metabolism, suggesting involvement of Tat in mitochondrial bioenergetics in human neurons. Finally, our hypothesis was confirmed by qWestern analysis of mitochondrial and apoptotic proteins demonstrating the accumulation of apoptotic Bax and Bad proteins in mitochondrial fraction of Tat-treated neuronal cells, suggesting toxic effects of Tat on mitochondrial survival.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We showed an increase of mtDNA damage in primary neurons, treated with HIV-1 proteins and in PBMC, infected with HIV-1. Increased mtDNA damage can lead to neurodegeneration, and cause neuronal apoptosis. Our system presents a suitable model to study mtDNA changes during HIV-1 infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":91542,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HIV and AIDS","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7837619/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38868824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the Effectiveness of the Comprehensive Integrated HIV Prevention Program in Reducing Risky Sexual Behavior and Increasing Safe Sex Practice among Minority Young Adults: A Latent Growth Curve Model Approach","authors":"Lucas N, Mongkuo Myb, Mongkuo My","doi":"10.16966/2380-5536.179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16966/2380-5536.179","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Since the early 1980s, sexual risk behaviors have become a severe public health concern in preventing the prevalence of HIV infection, especially among minority young adults. In the United States, minority young adults have higher than expected HIV infection than other racial groups. The spread of HIV infection among this vulnerable population has created a need to identify risk and protective factors, disease, and evidence-based prevention strategies to reduce disease transmission. The Comprehensive, Integrated HIV Prevention Program (CIHPP), is based on a derivative of the ecological epistemology framework that views risk factors as a multilevel concentric, including the individual, family, community, and societal levels. The framework asserts that any meaningful prevention strategy should examine these different levels and the effects on the population of interest. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of CIHPP in increasing sexual risk practice and reducing risky sexual behavior among minority young adults.","PeriodicalId":91542,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HIV and AIDS","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67392431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes of Lipid Profile and Other Biological Parameters in People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in the General Referral Provincial Hospital of Bukavu, Eastern of the Democratic Republic of Congo","authors":"Kishabongo As, Shabani Cu, Bisangamo Ck, Shindano Ta, Takaisi-Kikuni Nb","doi":"10.16966/2380-5536.177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16966/2380-5536.177","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Metabolic disturbances such as dyslipidemia and liver enzymes changes may be associated with the risk for developing cardiac disorder as well as liver toxicity in PLWH having HAART. This study investigated the biological pattern of PLWH on effective antiretroviral therapy in the Democratic Republic of Congo.","PeriodicalId":91542,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HIV and AIDS","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67392416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validity Study of the R-PLA, a Resilience Scale for People Living with HIV.","authors":"Jinxiang Hu,&nbsp;Julianne M Serovich,&nbsp;Monique J Brown,&nbsp;Judy A Kimberly,&nbsp;Yi-Hsin Chen","doi":"10.16966/2380-5536.170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16966/2380-5536.170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study provides psychometric assessment of a resilience scale with a sample of women living with HIV. Baseline data were used from a longitudinal HIV disclosure study of 124 women aged between 18-63 collected between 2001 and 2004 in a large Midwestern city. The Rasch model was used to examine the psychometric properties of the resilience scale. Results indicated that the resilience instrument meets the Rasch model application assumptions. Evidence of validity suggested the resilience instrument demonstrated good item and person fit, as well as good item and person reliability. Most items showed measurement invariance across different age and racial groups. The findings suggest that the resilience scale is suitable for use in the measurement of resilience among women living with HIV.</p>","PeriodicalId":91542,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HIV and AIDS","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7220244/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37932916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HIV-1 Infection, Injecting Drug Use, and Neuroendocrine Response to Psychological Stress.","authors":"Raymond L Ownby, Drenna Waldrop-Valverde, Adarsh M Kumar, Deborah Jones, Benny Fernandez, Mahendra Kumar","doi":"10.16966/2380-5536.167","DOIUrl":"10.16966/2380-5536.167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous studies have suggested that HIV-1 infection is associated with neuroendocrine abnormalities including alterations in autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity. The norepinephrine (NE) response to cold pressor stress, an α-adrenergic challenge, is blunted in HIV-1 infection. Given the relation of ANS activity to the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and its role in cognitive functioning, changes in response to stress may be a factor in HIV-related cognitive dysfunction.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this study, we evaluated the NE and cortisol response of persons in three groups.</p><p><strong>Design/participants: </strong>We studied stress response in three groups: (1) those with HIV-1 infection and a history of injecting drug use (IDU), those with HIV-1 infection but no IDU, and a control group of uninfected individuals without a history of IDU. Stress was induced by administering a neuropsychological test known to induce an immediate increase in NE, the Stroop Color-Word Test. Blood samples were obtained immediately before and after participants completed the Stroop and then at two intervals over the next 20 minutes. Data were analyzed using mixed-effects repeated measures models.</p><p><strong>Main measures: </strong>Serum norepinephrine, epinephrine, and cortisol.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analyses showed that those with both HIV-1 infection and history of IDU had a significantly greater NE response to stress that did not return to baseline over 20 minutes compared to those without infection or IDU history. Epinephrine and cortisol responses followed similar patterns, but between-group differences were not statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The combination of history of IDU and HIV infection may produce an exaggerated neuroendocrine response that does not quickly return to baseline levels. Given the potential impact of these on cognitive and physical function in affected these individuals, implementing stress management techniques with them may be important.</p>","PeriodicalId":91542,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HIV and AIDS","volume":"5 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7006950/pdf/nihms-1052552.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37627718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics Associated with Disclosure Status to Sexual Partners among Kenyan Women.","authors":"Haley Greene,&nbsp;Pauline E Jolly,&nbsp;Tierra Johnson,&nbsp;Ruby Galarza,&nbsp;Walter Jaoko,&nbsp;Luz A Padilla","doi":"10.16966/2380-5536.166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16966/2380-5536.166","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Kenya has the fourth-largest HIV epidemic across the globe. Disclosure of HIV-positive status plays a critical role in the prevention of HIV transmission. Disclosure, specifically to sexual partners, has been shown to foster safer sexual behaviors in addition to emotional, social, or monetary support from partners. Objective: This study was conducted to identify factors associated with HIV-positive status disclosure to sexual partners compared to disclosure to other than sexual partners. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from May to August 2012 among 497 HIV-positive women 19–49 years of age who had sex in the past six months. Participants were recruited from the Kenyatta National Hospital and Mbagathi Direct Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya. A questionnaire was administered to obtain data on HIV disclosure. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with disclosure of HIV-positive status to sexual partners. Results: Of the 497 women, 349 reported to whom they had disclosed their HIV status. Approximately 34% had disclosed their HIV-positive status to a sexual partner. Women who disclosed to their sexual partners were 11 times more likely to be married or in a common-law relationship and 4 times more likely for their sexual partner or spouse to be the heads of the households. Frequency of condom use, belief that HIV disclosure is important for HIV prevention and control, knowledge of partner’s HIV status, and number of sex partners were also significantly associated with disclosing to a sexual partner. Conclusion: This study found a low rate of disclosure of HIV-positive status by women to sexual partners and identified a number of factors associated with disclosure to sexual partners. These findings can be used in designing interventions that focus on individuals who have not disclosed their HIV-positive status to their sexual partners by demonstrating the importance of disclosure and safe sex practices.","PeriodicalId":91542,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HIV and AIDS","volume":"5 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7405985/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38242450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Disclosure and Sexual Behaviors among Kenyan Women","authors":"Luz A. Padilla, Tierra A. Johnson, R. Galarza, Haley Greene, Gerald Mc Gwin, P. Jolly","doi":"10.16966/2380-5536.165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16966/2380-5536.165","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Disclosure of HIV status is crucial to the adoption of preventive behaviors for HIV transmission. This study was conducted to investigate HIV status disclosure and its impact on sexual practices among HIV-positive women in Nairobi, Kenya. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among HIV-positive women seeking care at two hospitals in Nairobi. A questionnaire and known self-efficacy scales were administered to eligible women to collect information on sociodemographic factors, HIV disclosure and beliefs, healthcare provider advice on disclosure, sexual practices, and self-efficacy. Results: Of 497 women who were included in this analysis, 95.8% had disclosed their HIV status to someone. Women who disclosed were more likely to be in a relationship (p 0.0017) and to be the heads of their households (p 0.0042). Women who reported that their healthcare provider advised them to disclose and told them of ways to disclose were significantly more likely to have disclosed (p=0.0237 and p=0.0294, respectively). The belief that HIV status disclosure is important for HIV prevention and control and that the benefits of disclosure outweigh the risks was also significantly associated with disclosure (p<0.0001 for both). Conclusion: The prevalence of disclosure among HIV-positive individuals’ in hospital settings in Nairobi is high. These findings indicate that encouraging and suggesting ways to disclose by healthcare providers and individuals’ beliefs about the benefits of disclosure can increase the rate of HIV disclosure. Prospective studies to assess these observations would provide reliable guidance on how to increase disclosure by all women.","PeriodicalId":91542,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HIV and AIDS","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44788992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}