BMC Endocrine Disorders最新文献

{"title":"Differential pathway profiles of uric acid and the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) in predicting incident type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study.","authors":"Weiqiang Qin, Bo Liu, Xiaoling Yi, Juan Lei, Lan Mai","doi":"10.1186/s12902-026-02489-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12902-026-02489-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Serum uric acid (UA) and the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) are both established risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), yet their metabolic pathways to diabetes may differ substantially. This study compared the independent associations of UA and NHHR with incident T2DM, quantified the mediating effects of BMI along each pathway, and evaluated the incremental predictive value of combined assessment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the CHARLS 2011-2018 prospective cohort (8,150 diabetes-free adults ≥ 45 years), we examined associations of UA and NHHR with incident T2DM via Cox regression across four models, characterized dose-response relationships with RCS, and conducted exploratory mediation analysis (VanderWeele's counterfactual framework) to quantify BMI-mediated proportions. Incremental predictive value was assessed by C-index, NRI, IDI, and DCA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the fully adjusted model (n = 6,762), each 1-unit increase in NHHR was independently associated with T2DM (HR = 1.104, 95% CI: 1.050-1.161, P < 0.001), whereas UA showed no independent association (HR = 1.048, 95% CI: 0.978-1.122, P = 0.184). Mediation analysis revealed that 77.3% of NHHR's total association was not mediated through BMI (BMI-mediated proportion: 22.7%). In contrast, 51.4% of UA's association with T2DM was mediated through BMI, with the non-BMI-mediated direct effect remaining non-significant. Adding NHHR to the base model showed marginal improvement in C-index (Δ=+0.005, P = 0.091) and limited net benefit in decision curve analysis (ΔNB = 0.0049 at 11.6% prevalence threshold). Dyslipidemia significantly modified the NHHR-T2DM association (interaction P = 0.015).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>NHHR was independently associated with incident T2DM, with the majority of its effect (77.3%) operating independently of BMI. UA's association with T2DM was largely mediated through BMI, indicating potentially distinct pathway profiles between the two markers. Joint exposure analysis revealed that the high-UA/low-NHHR group (G3) had an incidence rate comparable to the reference group, while elevated NHHR was the more prominent risk marker across combined groups. These findings suggest that NHHR may complement uric acid assessment in risk awareness among metabolically abnormal individuals with normal BMI; however, the incremental predictive value of NHHR was limited, and clinical implementation requires validation in independent cohorts.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9152,"journal":{"name":"BMC Endocrine Disorders","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13573414/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148966319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep duration and prevalent osteoporosis among U.S. postmenopausal women: a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES 2007-2018 with assessment of potential effect modification by physical activity.","authors":"Ruixiang Xie, Yuting Liu, Zhihao Wu, Kaihua Huang, Qiang Sun","doi":"10.1186/s12902-026-02481-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12902-026-02481-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Abnormal sleep duration may be associated with osteoporosis. This study aimed to evaluate the nonlinear association between sleep duration and osteoporosis prevalence in postmenopausal women and to further examine whether this association differed according to physical activity (PA) status.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 4,775 postmenopausal women from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2018. Using the NHANES complex survey design and examination weights, we applied survey-weighted multivariable logistic regression models to examine the association between sleep duration and osteoporosis. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses were performed to evaluate potential nonlinear associations and threshold effects. PA-stratified analyses, interaction tests, and joint association analyses were further performed. Multiple sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robustness of the findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the fully adjusted model, both short sleep duration (OR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.26-2.14, P < 0.001) and long sleep duration (OR = 2.90, 95% CI: 1.55-5.43, P = 0.001) were associated with higher odds of prevalent osteoporosis compared with moderate sleep duration. RCS analyses indicated a U-shaped association between sleep duration and prevalent osteoporosis (P for overall = 0.0002; P for nonlinearity = 0.0003), with the lowest estimated odds at approximately 7.16 h/night. High PA was independently associated with lower odds of prevalent osteoporosis. PA may modify the association between sleep duration and prevalent osteoporosis (P for interaction = 0.010). In PA-stratified analyses, among women with high PA, the ORs for prevalent osteoporosis were 2.02 (95% CI: 1.36-2.99) for short sleep and 6.60 (95% CI: 3.03-14.38) for long sleep, compared with moderate sleep duration. The corresponding ORs among women with low PA were 1.38 (95% CI: 0.95-2.01) and 1.68 (95% CI: 0.88-3.21), respectively. Joint analyses indicated that women with both high PA and moderate sleep duration had the lowest odds of prevalent osteoporosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Among postmenopausal women in the United States (US), sleep duration was associated with osteoporosis prevalence in a U-shaped manner. Both short and long sleep duration were associated with higher odds of osteoporosis. PA may modify this association. Sleep duration and PA should be considered jointly in observational assessments of lifestyle factors associated with bone health.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9152,"journal":{"name":"BMC Endocrine Disorders","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13663011/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149179427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential analysis of gut microbiota and metabolites in patients with Graves' disease and combined Helicobacter pylori infection.","authors":"Suna Yang, Xinyue Chang, Baokun Peng, Yunhong Wei, Yipeng Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12902-026-02462-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-026-02462-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Graves' disease (GD) is one of the most common organ-specific autoimmune disorders. Current evidence indicates that GD pathogenesis results from complex gene-environment interactions, although the precise mechanisms remain incompletely elucidated. This study aims to investigate effects of environmental factors such as gut microbiota and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection on the pathogenesis of GD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study enrolled 88 treatment-naïve GD patients and 33 healthy controls. Plasma H.pylori-IgG levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Varieties of gut microbiota in fecal specimens were examined using 16S rDNA sequencing. Gut metabolites were subjected to untargeted metabolomic analysis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Differences in gut microbiota composition and metabolites were analyzed between the GD group and the control group, as well as between the H. pylori-positive[H. pylori (+)] subgroup and the H. pylori-negative[H. pylori (-)] subgroup within the GD group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Bacteroidota, f-Lactobacillaceae, and Prevotella-9 demonstrated significantly higher prevalence in the GD group compared to the control group. Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 and Limosilactobacillus exhibited significantly greater abundance in the GD + H. pylori (+) subgroup compared to the GD + H. pylori (-) subgroup. Compared to the control group, in the GD group pregnanetriol, kynurenic acid, and several metabolites in the tryptophan metabolism pathway (serotonin, kynurenate, xanthurenate, and 3-Methyldioxyindole) increased significantly, while mulberrofuran T and fragransol B decreased. Significantly reduced levels of N-methyltyramine, N-isovalerylglycine, and cafestol were observed in the GD + H. pylori (+) subgroup relative to the GD + H. pylori (-) subgroup.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Significant differences were identified in both gut microbiota composition and metabolites between the GD group and the control group. Alterations in the gut microbiota are potentially linked to GD pathogenesis via modulation of tryptophan metabolic pathway. Significant differences in both gut microbiota composition and metabolites were identified between the H. pylori (+) subgroup and the H. pylori (-) subgroup within the GD group.</p>","PeriodicalId":9152,"journal":{"name":"BMC Endocrine Disorders","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13483712/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148788188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of dietary iron intake and serum iron with self-reported history of pregnancy loss among women: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES 2005-2018.","authors":"Huiyan Cao, Yanping Tao","doi":"10.1186/s12902-026-02469-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12902-026-02469-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Abnormal iron metabolism has been suggested to be associated with pregnancy loss. However, dietary iron intake and serum iron levels reflect different aspects of iron metabolism, and their respective relationships with pregnancy loss remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the associations of dietary iron intake and serum iron levels with self-reported history of pregnancy loss among women aged 20-50 years using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2018.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Analyses were conducted based on the NHANES 2005-2018 dataset. Weighted logistic regression models were applied to examine the relationships between dietary iron intake, serum iron concentrations, and the prevalence of self-reported history of pregnancy loss. Restricted cubic spline regression was utilized to characterize the dose‑response associations among these indicators. Additionally, subgroup stratification analysis and sensitivity analysis were further carried out to verify the stability and reliability of the findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 3,417 women aged 20-50 years were included in the final analysis. In the fully adjusted weighted logistic regression model, dietary iron intake was negatively associated with self-reported history of pregnancy loss (OR = 0.975, 95% CI: 0.953-0.999, P = 0.038), whereas serum iron levels were positively associated with self-reported history of pregnancy loss (OR = 1.028, 95% CI: 1.007-1.049, P < 0.001). Restricted cubic spline analysis revealed a linear negative association between dietary iron intake and self-reported pregnancy loss (P overall < 0.001) and a linear positive association between serum iron levels and self-reported pregnancy loss (P overall = 0.003). Subgroup analysis, showed a significant interaction between oral contraceptive use history and serum iron levels (P for interaction = 0.016). Sensitivity analyses supported the robustness of the findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This cross‑sectional investigation enrolled American women aged 20-50 years. The results indicated that dietary iron intake was inversely correlated with self-reported history of pregnancy loss, whereas serum iron concentrations displayed a positive correlation with such medical history, presenting opposite association trends. A notable interactive effect was identified between oral contraceptive use history and serum iron levels. Given the inherent limitations of the cross‑sectional design, causal inference could not be established in the present study. Further prospective cohort studies are therefore required to corroborate these observations.</p>","PeriodicalId":9152,"journal":{"name":"BMC Endocrine Disorders","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13647559/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149134610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health-related quality of life and its determinants among patients with diabetes mellitus in a selected hospital in Sri Lanka: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Tharuni Navoda Abeyratne, Damsi Dileka Jayakody, Thamalshee Perera, Shiran Lakkana Rathnayaka, Lahiru Sandaruwan Galgamuwa","doi":"10.1186/s12902-026-02476-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12902-026-02476-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL) is an excellent measure of life expectancy, particularly for those with a specific condition. Evaluation of QoL facilitates clinical decision-making, enhances communication with the patient, and aids in predicting therapy response. QoL can forecast a person's ability to control their illness and preserve their long-term health and well-being. This study aimed to determine HRQoL and its socio-demographic and clinical determinants among Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients attending endocrinology clinics at a tertiary care hospital in Sri Lanka.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This study was conducted from March to April 2024. QoL was assessed using the WHOQOL- BREF questionnaire. Socio-demographic factors, clinical characteristics, and treatment options of DM patients were assessed in relation to the QoL. T-test and ANOVA used to determine the differences in the QOL domain. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the linear relationship between two QOL domains. Multiple Linear Regression was applied to examine the relationship between QOL domains and socio-demographic factors, clinical characteristics, and treatment options.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 170 patients with DM (Female - 62%, age range - 18-87 years, mean age 60.9 (± 11.4) years) participated. The environment domain showed the highest mean of QOL (57.89 ± 15.02), followed by psychological health (57.44 ± 18.72), physical health (53.38 ± 20.67), and social relationship domain (52.12 ± 18.71). Age, education level, comorbidities, and complications were significantly associated with QOL in physical health, while age, education level, smoking, comorbidities, and complications were significantly associated with QOL in psychological health. Additionally, education level was significantly associated with social relationships and residential area, and education level and comorbidities were significantly associated with the environment domain.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings emphasize the importance of addressing both medical and socio-environmental aspects in diabetes management to improve overall well-being. Understanding these variations can guide interventions aimed at enhancing the physical, psychological, social, and environmental domains of individuals living with DM.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9152,"journal":{"name":"BMC Endocrine Disorders","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13573390/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of barriers to self-monitoring of blood glucose among community-dwelling elderly patients with diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study integrating artificial intelligence-based risk prediction.","authors":"Meiyan Wang, Yue Ying, Yuan Han, Jiaxiang Zhou","doi":"10.1186/s12902-026-02438-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12902-026-02438-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) is essential for diabetes management, yet elderly patients face multiple barriers that compromise adherence and glycaemic control. This study aimed to assess barriers to SMBG among community-dwelling elderly patients with diabetes mellitus, identify associated factors, and develop an artificial intelligence (AI)-based predictive model for high-risk individuals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted at Chun'an First People's Hospital from March to August 2025. Two hundred elderly patients (≥ 60 years) with diabetes were enrolled using convenience sampling. Data were collected using validated instruments: a sociodemographic questionnaire, SMBG Barriers Scale, Flourishing Scale (FS), and Digital Health Literacy Scale (DHLS). Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, and multiple linear regression. For predictive modelling, the dataset was split into training (80%) and testing (20%) sets. Random Forest, XGBoost, and Support Vector Machine algorithms were developed and evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and AUC-ROC. Model interpretability was assessed with SHAP values.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean SMBG Barriers score was 47.6 ± 9.8. Significant negative correlations were found between SMBG barriers and FS (r = - 0.42) and DHLS (r = - 0.51) scores. Multiple regression showed DHLS (β = -0.38), Flourishing score (β = -0.25), education, and diabetes education as protective factors, while complications and living alone were risk factors (R² = 0.462). The Random Forest model achieved the best performance (accuracy 88.5%, AUC 0.921). SHAP analysis identified digital health literacy, psychological well-being, and AI acceptance as the strongest predictors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the importance of psychosocial and digital factors in SMBG barriers and demonstrates the effectiveness of explainable AI for risk prediction in elderly diabetic patients. Targeted interventions addressing modifiable factors could improve self-management.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>This study is a cross-sectional observational study and was not registered as a clinical trial.</p>","PeriodicalId":9152,"journal":{"name":"BMC Endocrine Disorders","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13681899/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149227266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neutrophil-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and prevalent cardiometabolic multimorbidity in older adults: an exploratory cross-sectional analysis.","authors":"Yan Chen, Haonan Ju, Qingzhi Zhou, Xiangpeng Kong, Xin Zhao","doi":"10.1186/s12902-026-02442-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12902-026-02442-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The neutrophil-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHR), a composite surrogate marker derived from neutrophil count and HDL-C, has been reported to be associated with various metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to investigate the association between NHR and cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) in older adults and to explore whether insulin resistance and uric acid metabolism may statistically account for part of this association.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and included a total of 5,987 older adults. CMM was defined as the coexistence of at least two cardiometabolic diseases within the same individual, including diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, and stroke. Weighted logistic regression, restricted cubic splines (RCS), subgroup analyses, and exploratory mediation analyses were performed to assess the association between NHR and CMM. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the discriminatory ability of NHR for CMM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multivariable weighted logistic regression analysis demonstrated that, compared with older adults in the lowest quartile (Q1) of NHR, those in the highest quartile (Q4) had 2.33-fold higher odds of CMM (95% CI: 1.56-3.48, P for trend < 0.001). Exploratory mediation analysis suggested that TyG, as a surrogate marker of insulin resistance, and uric acid statistically accounted for 23.78% (95% CI 16.08%-54.60%) and 13.69% (95% CI 9.31%-56.83%) of the NHR-CMM association, respectively. However, given the cross-sectional nature of the present study, these findings should not be interpreted as evidence of temporal or causal mediation. Moreover, RCS analysis revealed a nonlinear relationship between NHR and CMM risk (P for non-linearity < 0.0001). ROC analysis showed that NHR had modest but statistically higher discriminatory ability for CMM than the comparison indices.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings indicate that NHR is closely and positively associated with the CMM prevalence in the elderly population. The mediation patterns were consistent with the potential involvement of insulin resistance and uric acid-related metabolic-inflammatory pathways. However, because direct inflammatory mediators were not measured and the study was cross-sectional, these findings should be interpreted as association-based and hypothesis-generating rather than evidence of causal inflammatory mediation.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9152,"journal":{"name":"BMC Endocrine Disorders","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13540809/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148886576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Secondary hyperparathyroidism and lower hip bone mineral density in very old hospitalized adults: a real-world endocrine bone study.","authors":"Stylianos Kopanos, Sandra Scheel, Bettina Eggert, Alexander Rübberdt, Christiane Muth, Ulrich Thiem, Joachim Feldkamp","doi":"10.1186/s12902-026-02456-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12902-026-02456-y","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Population ageing is associated with increasing rates of osteoporosis, frailty, and functional decline. Vitamin D deficiency and disturbances in calcium-parathyroid hormone (PTH) homeostasis are common in older adults and may contribute to bone loss. However, real-world data describing the frequency and skeletal relevance of these endocrine abnormalities in very old hospitalized populations remain limited.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study including 1,202 hospitalized patients aged ≥70 years (mean age 85.0 ± 7.1 years) who underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at a tertiary endocrine and geriatric centre in Germany. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and renal function parameters were extracted from electronic medical records. Hip bone mineral density (BMD) served as the primary skeletal outcome. Multivariable linear regression models were used to assess associations between endocrine parameters and BMD after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, and living setting.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Vitamin D deficiency was highly prevalent in this very old cohort. Vitamin D levels &lt;20 ng/mL were present in 68.6% of participants with available vitamin D measurements, and levels &lt;10 ng/mL in 45.5%. Hypocalcaemia was observed in 39.1% of participants, while elevated PTH levels occurred in 29.9%. The combination of hypocalcaemia and elevated PTH-consistent with secondary hyperparathyroidism-was identified in 13.7% of patients. Participants with elevated PTH had significantly lower hip BMD compared with those without PTH elevation (median -2.3 vs -1.9, p = 0.004). This association remained significant after adjustment for age and sex (β -0.23, 95% CI: -0.45 to -0.01; p = 0.042). In multivariable models, increasing age (β -0.046 per year, 95% CI: -0.063 to -0.029; p &lt; 0.001) and higher PTH levels (β -0.006 per unit, 95% CI: -0.010 to -0.002; p = 0.002) were independently associated with lower hip BMD. In contrast, vitamin D supplementation (β = -0.113, 95% CI -0.493 to 0.266; p = 0.56) and calcium supplementation (β = 0.101, 95% CI -0.556 to 0.758; p = 0.76) were not independently associated with BMD. Living setting was also not independently associated with hip BMD after adjustment (β -0.326, 95% CI: -0.858 to 0.207; p = 0.23). Exploratory analyses suggested a U-shaped relationship between TSH and hip BMD, with both suppressed and elevated TSH levels associated with lower BMD compared with the euthyroid range.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Severe vitamin D deficiency is common in very old hospitalized patients and frequently coexists with hypocalcaemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Elevated PTH levels are independently associated with lower hip bone mineral density, highlighting the importance of evaluating the calcium-vitamin D-PTH axis. Both suppressed and elevated TSH levels ","PeriodicalId":9152,"journal":{"name":"BMC Endocrine Disorders","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13445846/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148683516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carotid plaque burden across the glycaemic spectrum: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"İhsan Boyacı","doi":"10.1186/s12902-026-02455-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12902-026-02455-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dysglycaemia accelerates atherosclerosis, but the extent to which carotid plaque burden and morphology differ across the full glycaemic spectrum, and which cardiometabolic factors are most strongly associated with this burden, remain incompletely characterised. This study aimed to evaluate carotid plaque burden and morphology across the glycaemic spectrum, from normoglycaemia to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 169 participants: 24 normoglycaemic controls, 28 with prediabetes, and 117 with T2D stratified by glycaemic control. All underwent clinical, laboratory, and carotid ultrasonographic assessment. Plaque presence, morphology, and stenosis severity were evaluated. Multivariable logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Carotid plaque was present in 50.9% of participants (0% in normoglycaemia, with 8.3% showing isolated intima-media thickness [IMT] increase); a combined outcome of carotid plaque or isolated IMT increase was present in 60.4% overall. Carotid plaque prevalence increased markedly from normoglycaemia (0%) to prediabetes (42.9%) and ranged from 58.6% to 72.4% across the HbA1c-defined T2D subgroups, without a consistent further increase within this range (p < 0.001). Plaque morphology also differed across glycaemic categories, with echolucent plaques proportionally more frequent in prediabetes and echogenic plaques predominating in T2D. In the multivariable model, age, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), and total cholesterol were independent predictors of carotid plaque, whereas diabetes duration, HOMA-IR, and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) were not (AUC 0.821).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Carotid plaque burden is markedly higher across the dysglycaemic spectrum than in normoglycaemia, and is already substantial in prediabetes, suggesting early subclinical vascular involvement. Age, UACR, and total cholesterol, rather than HbA1c alone, showed the strongest associations with carotid atherosclerosis. Carotid ultrasonography, including assessment of plaque morphology, may provide additional information for cardiovascular risk stratification beyond glycaemic status alone. This potential role merits evaluation in future prospective studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9152,"journal":{"name":"BMC Endocrine Disorders","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13563818/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148928629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of body composition, irisin, and FABP4 levels in adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome.","authors":"Leyla Kara, Ulku Gul Siraz, Sabahattin Muhtaroglu, Neslihan Sungur, Nihal Hatipoglu","doi":"10.1186/s12902-026-02396-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12902-026-02396-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the relationship between body composition parameters and serum irisin and FABP4 levels in adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 123 participants (54 with PCOS and 69 controls) were included in this cross-sectional study. Biochemical and hormonal parameters were assessed, and body composition was evaluated using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with PCOS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with controls, the PCOS group showed significantly higher levels of total testosterone and luteinizing hormone. Muscle mass index was also higher in the PCOS group, whereas other body composition parameters did not differ significantly between groups. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, total testosterone and Luteinizing hormone emerged as independent predictor of PCOS (OR = 1.089, 95% CI: 1.050-1.128, p < 0.001), (OR = 1.084, 95% CI: 1.003-1.172, p = 0.041) relatively. While BMI Serum irisin and FABP4 was not independently associated with PCOS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In adolescent PCOS, hyperandrogenemia, particularly total testosterone, remains the strongest independent correlate of disease status. In contrast, circulating irisin and FABP4 do not appear to provide additional independent discriminatory value. These findings should be interpreted within the limitations of a cross-sectional design, and further prospective studies are warranted.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9152,"journal":{"name":"BMC Endocrine Disorders","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13425993/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148648098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}