BMC Cancer最新文献

{"title":"Thyroid nodule classification in ultrasound imaging using deep transfer learning.","authors":"Yan Xu, Mingmin Xu, Zhe Geng, Jie Liu, Bin Meng","doi":"10.1186/s12885-025-13917-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12885-025-13917-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The accurate diagnosis of thyroid nodules represents a critical and frequently encountered challenge in clinical practice, necessitating enhanced precision in diagnostic methodologies. In this study, we investigate the predictive efficacy of distinguishing between benign and malignant thyroid nodules by employing traditional machine learning algorithms and a deep transfer learning model, aiming to advance the diagnostic paradigm in this field.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective study, ITK-Snap software was utilized for image preprocessing and feature extraction from thyroid nodules. Feature screening and dimensionality reduction were conducted using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression method. To identify the optimal model, both traditional machine learning and transfer learning approaches were employed, followed by model fusion using post-fusion techniques. The performance of the model was rigorously evaluated through the area under the curve (AUC), calibration curve analysis, and decision curve analysis (DCA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1134 images from 630 cases of thyroid nodules were included in this study, comprising 589 benign nodules and 545 malignant nodules. Through comparative analysis, the support vector machine (SVM), which demonstrated the best diagnostic performance among traditional machine learning models, and the Inception V3 convolutional neural network model, based on transfer learning, were selected for model construction. The SVM model achieved an AUC of 0.748 (95% CI: 0.684-0.811) for diagnosing malignant thyroid nodules, while the Inception V3 transfer learning model yielded an AUC of 0.763 (95% CI: 0.702-0.825). Following model fusion, the AUC improved to 0.783 (95% CI: 0.724-0.841). The difference in performance between the fusion model and the traditional machine learning model was statistically significant (p = 0.036). Decision curve analysis (DCA) further confirmed that the fusion model exhibits superior clinical utility, highlighting its potential for practical application in thyroid nodule diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings demonstrate that the fusion model, which integrates a convolutional neural network (CNN) with traditional machine learning and deep transfer learning techniques, can effectively differentiate between benign and malignant thyroid nodules through the analysis of ultrasound images. This model fusion approach significantly optimizes and enhances diagnostic performance, offering a robust and intelligent tool for the clinical detection of thyroid diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":9131,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cancer","volume":"25 1","pages":"544"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11938658/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143708563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Claudin 18.2 expression profile in primary tumors and their ovarian metastases: implications for targeted therapy.","authors":"Nah Ihm Kim, Joo Yeon Koo, Sung Sun Kim, Ji Young Lee, Ji Shin Lee, Hyun Jin Bang, Woo Kyun Bae, Tae Mi Yoon, Kyung-Sub Moon, Jae-Hyuk Lee, Kyung-Hwa Lee","doi":"10.1186/s12885-025-13940-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12885-025-13940-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Claudin 18.2 (CLDN18.2), a tight junction protein predominantly expressed in the normal gastric epithelium, has recently emerged as a potential therapeutic target in various solid tumors. Despite growing interest, comprehensive data on CLDN18.2 expression across primary tumors from different organs and their corresponding metastatic lesions remain limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study analyzed CLDN18.2 expression in 102 patients with primary adenocarcinomas from various organs and their corresponding ovarian metastatic carcinomas and in 81 cases of primary ovarian mucinous tumors using immunohistochemistry. We evaluated the association of CLDN18.2 expression with clinicopathologic features and survival outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The highest CLDN18.2 positivity rate was observed in gastric adenocarcinomas (40%, 12/30), followed by cervical adenocarcinomas (20%, 1/5) and colorectal adenocarcinomas (4%, 2/50). Notably, primary ovarian mucinous tumors showed remarkably high expression rates, reaching 77% overall and 100% in mucinous borderline tumors. In contrast, adenocarcinomas of the appendix and breast lacked CLDN18 expression. While CLDN18.2 expression was generally maintained during metastasis, some variations in expression patterns were observed, particularly in gastric cancers (13%, 4/30). Our analysis found no significant correlation between CLDN18.2 expression and overall survival in the patient cohort.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The preserved expression of CLDN18.2 in metastatic tumors underscores its potential utility as a target for therapeutic approaches. Our findings emphasize the importance of evaluating CLDN18.2 status in both primary and metastatic tumors to refine therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9131,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cancer","volume":"25 1","pages":"540"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11934528/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143708430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NCR as a biomarker for nutritional status and inflammation in predicting outcomes in patients with cancer cachexia: a prospective, multicenter study.","authors":"Xiangrui Li, Li Deng, Hailun Xie, Shuqun Li, Hong Zhao, Tong Liu, Xiaoyue Liu, Shiqi Lin, ChengAn Liu, Han-Ping Shi","doi":"10.1186/s12885-025-13919-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12885-025-13919-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Systemic inflammation and nutritional status are key factors affecting the prognosis of patients with cancer cachexia. This study aims to evaluate the prognostic value of a new nutritional and inflammatory index, Prognostic Nutritional CRP Ratio (NCR), in patients with cancer cachexia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective multicenter study analyzed 3,447 patients diagnosed with cancer cachexia across over 40 clinical centers in China, from June 2012 to December 2023. The NCR was calculated as BMI × albumin / CRP. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was utilized to analyze hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause mortality. The relationship between NCR and all-cause mortality was assessed using restricted cubic spline modeling. The optimal cutoff value for NCR was determined through maximally selected rank statistics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 3,447 individuals diagnosed with cancer cachexia in our study, 2,296 (66.6%) were men, and 1,151 (33.4%) were women. With a median follow-up duration of 45.33 months, the mean age of the participants was 63.8 ± 11.4 years. We observed that lower NCR levels were prevalent among cachexia patients across a spectrum of cancer types, including lung, colorectal, liver, esophageal, breast, ovarian, and cervical cancers. We observed that lower NCR levels were prevalent among cachexia patients across a spectrum of cancer types, including lung, colorectal, liver, esophageal, breast, ovarian, and cervical cancers. This correlation held true across diverse patient subgroups, delineated by gender, age, smoking status, BMI, TNM stage, and tumor types, underscoring the broad applicability of NCR as a prognostic marker. Moreover, our findings highlighted that cancer cachexia patients with higher NCR levels experienced a significantly improved quality of life.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The NCR, indicative of nutritional status and inflammation, is associated with reduced all-cause mortality and could be a valuable prognostic marker for patients with cancer cachexia.</p>","PeriodicalId":9131,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cancer","volume":"25 1","pages":"539"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11934689/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143708541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiomic-based approaches in the multi-metastatic setting: a quantitative review.","authors":"Caryn Geady, Hemangini Patel, Jacob Peoples, Amber Simpson, Benjamin Haibe-Kains","doi":"10.1186/s12885-025-13850-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12885-025-13850-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Radiomics traditionally focuses on analyzing a single lesion within a patient to extract tumor characteristics, yet this process may overlook inter-lesion heterogeneity, particularly in the multi-metastatic setting. There is currently no established method for combining radiomic features in such settings, leading to diverse approaches with varying strengths and limitations. Our quantitative review aims to illuminate these methodologies, assess their replicability, and guide future research toward establishing best practices, offering insights into the challenges of multi-lesion radiomic analysis across diverse datasets.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a comprehensive literature search to identify methods for integrating data from multiple lesions in radiomic analyses. We replicated these methods using either the author's code or by reconstructing them based on the information provided in the papers. Subsequently, we applied these identified methods to three distinct datasets, each depicting a different metastatic scenario.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We compared ten mathematical methods for combining radiomic features across three distinct datasets, encompassing 16,894 lesions in 3,930 patients. Performance was evaluated using the Cox proportional hazards model and benchmarked against univariable analysis of total tumor volume. Results varied by dataset and lesion burden, with no single method consistently outperforming others. In colorectal liver metastases (TCIA-CRLM, 494 lesions in 197 patients), averaging methods showed the highest median performance. In soft tissue sarcoma (TH CR-406/SARC021, 1255 lesions in 545 patients), concatenating radiomic features from multiple lesions exhibited the best performance. In head and neck cancers (TCIA-RADCURE, 15,145 lesions in 3188 patients), total tumor volume remained a strong predictor. These findings highlight dataset-specific influences, including tumor type and lesion burden, on the effectiveness of radiomic feature aggregation methods.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Radiomic features can be effectively selected or combined to estimate patient-level outcomes in multi-metastatic patients, though the approach varies by metastatic setting. Our study fills a critical gap in radiomics research by examining the challenges of radiomic-based analysis in this setting. Through a comprehensive review and rigorous testing of different methods across diverse datasets representing unique metastatic scenarios, we provide valuable insights into effective radiomic analysis strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9131,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cancer","volume":"25 1","pages":"538"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11934564/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143708557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of SGLT2 inhibitors on survival in gastrointestinal cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy: a real-world data retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Lucas E Flausino, Alexis Germán Murillo Carrasco, Tatiane Katsue Furuya, Wen-Jan Tuan, Roger Chammas","doi":"10.1186/s12885-025-13966-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12885-025-13966-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The role of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) drugs in the management of diabetes and cardiovascular disease is well-established, but emerging evidence suggests potential effects on cancer outcomes, including gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. We conducted an extensive, sex-oriented, real-world data analysis to investigate whether SGLT2i can enhance GI cancer outcomes when used alongside standard therapies such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study applied a retrospective cohort design with data from the TriNetX research database ( https://trinetx.com ), examining GI cancer patients treated with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy between 2013 and 2023. The intervention cohort consisted of Gl cancer patients who received SGLT2i, while the control cohort did not. A 5-year follow-up period was used, and baseline characteristics were balanced using a 1:1 propensity score matching technique. Cox proportional-hazards and logistic regression models assessed mortality and morbidity risks between the cohorts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 6,389 male and 3,457 female patients with GI cancer (ICD-10: C15-C25). The use of SGLT2i was significantly associated with improved survival for both male (HR 0.568; 95% CI 0.534-0.605) and female (HR 0.561; 95% CI 0.513-0.614) patients undergoing chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. SGLT2i use also correlated significantly with lower hospitalisation rates both in male (OR 0.684; 95% CI 0.637-0.734) and female (OR, 0.590; 95% CI 0.536-0.650) patients. The analysis of GI cancer subtypes also demonstrated similar benefits, without significant adverse effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Repurposing SGLT2 inhibitors for cancer treatment could potentially improve outcomes for GI cancer patients without causing significant side effects. Further clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings and establish the optimal condition for its application in GI cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":9131,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cancer","volume":"25 1","pages":"542"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11938601/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143708502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-stage augmentation for detecting malignancy of BI-RADS 3 lesions in early breast cancer.","authors":"Huanhuan Tian, Li Cai, Yu Gui, Zhigang Cai, Xianfeng Han, Jianwei Liao, Li Chen, Yi Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12885-025-13960-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12885-025-13960-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In view of inherent attributes of breast BI-RADS 3, benign and malignant lesions are with a subtle difference and the imbalanced ratio (with a very small part of malignancy). The objective of this study is to improve the detection rate of BI-RADS 3 malignant lesions on breast ultrasound (US) images using deep convolution networks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the study, 1,275 lesions out of 1,096 patients were included from Southwest Hospital (SW) and Tangshan Hospital (TS). In which, 629 lesions, 218 lesions and 428 lesions were utilized for the development dataset, the internal and external testing set. All malignant lesions were biopsy-confirmed, while benign lesions were verified through biopsy or stable (no significant changes) over a three-year follow-up. And each lesion had both B-mode and color Doppler images. We proposed a two-step augmentation method, covering malignancy feature augmentation and data augmentation, and further verified its feasibility on a dual-branches ResNet50 classification model named Dual-ResNet50. We conducted a comparative analysis between our model and four radiologists in breast imaging diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After malignancy feature and data augmentations, our model achieved a high area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.881 (95% CI: 0.830-0.921), the sensitivity of 77.8% (14/18), in the SW test set, and an AUC of 0.880 (95% CI: 0.847-0.910), a sensitivity of 71.4% (5/7) in the TS test set. Compared to four radiologists with over 10-years of diagnostic experience, our model outperformed their diagnoses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our proposed augmentation method can help the deep learning (DL) classification model to improve the breast cancer detection rate in BI-RADS 3 lesions, demonstrating its potential to enhance diagnostic accuracy in early breast cancer detection. This improvement aids in a timely adjustment of subsequent treatment for these patients in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":9131,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cancer","volume":"25 1","pages":"537"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11934567/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143699214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-cell sequencing combined with urinary multi-omics analysis reveals that the non-invasive biomarker PRDX5 regulates bladder cancer progression through ferroptosis signaling.","authors":"Shun Wan, Kun-Peng Li, Si-Yu Chen, Chen-Yang Wang, Kun Cheng, Jian-Wei Yang, Li-Yun Ding, Tuan-Jie Che, Shan-Hui Liu, Li Yang","doi":"10.1186/s12885-025-13881-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12885-025-13881-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to elucidate the expression profile and biological implications of peroxidase 5 (PRDX5) in bladder cancer (BC), specifically investigating its influence on BC progression through modulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and activation of ferroptosis pathways.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We employed urine proteomics data and transcriptomic information from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to identify differentially expressed genes in BC tissues, focusing on PRDX5. Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we assessed PRDX5 distribution across various cell types in the tumor microenvironment. We conducted in vitro experiments to analyze the impact of PRDX5 on BC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, while exploring its mechanisms of modulating ROS levels and ferroptosis. In vivo experiments were performed to observe PRDX5's influence on ferroptosis signaling in tissue contexts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found significant upregulation of PRDX5 in BC tissues, with scRNA-seq revealing its enrichment in bladder epithelial cells, correlating with disease advancement and established BC markers. In vitro analyses showed that overexpressed PRDX5 enhanced proliferation, migration, and invasion of BC cells, while PRDX5 knockout produced opposing effects. Additionally, PRDX5 modulated ROS levels and impacted ferroptosis pathways. In vivo experiments confirmed that PRDX5 knockout inhibited tumor growth and activated ferroptosis signaling pathways in tissues.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study highlights the elevated expression of PRDX5 in BC and its role in promoting tumor progression through regulation of ROS levels and ferroptosis. PRDX5 may serve as a promising target for BC treatment, supporting further exploration of its potential in clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":9131,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cancer","volume":"25 1","pages":"533"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11931876/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of psoriasis on infection risk and survival outcomes in patients with head and neck cancer: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Lin Jian, Mu-Kuan Chen, Chew-Teng Kor, Yen-Tze Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12885-025-13920-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12885-025-13920-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition mediated by autoimmune processes, which may heighten the susceptibility to infections. However, its impact on infection risk and survival outcomes in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) remains understudied.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from a tertiary referral center in Taiwan between January 2010 and August 2021. A total of 4,476 HNC patients were identified, of whom 49 had psoriasis and 4,427 did not. After propensity score matching (PSM), 48 patients with psoriasis and 480 without psoriasis were included in the final analysis. The primary outcome was the one-year post-treatment infection rate, assessed using hazard ratios (HRs) derived from Cox proportional hazards models. Secondary outcomes included overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed based on psoriasis severity and systemic therapy use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The one-year infection rate was significantly higher in the psoriasis group compared to the non-psoriasis group (33.3% vs. 20.2%, P = 0.035), with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.84 (95% CI: 1.09-3.11). Psoriasis patients on systemic therapy had an elevated infection risk (HR: 1.99, 95% CI: 1.12-3.53, P = 0.0189). Sensitivity analysis confirmed a consistent association between psoriasis and infection risk (HR: 2.04, 95% CI: 1.18-3.51, P = 0.0106). Psoriasis did not significantly impact survival outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Psoriasis is associated with an increased one-year infection risk following HNC treatment, particularly in patients receiving systemic therapy. This finding suggests a need for heightened infection monitoring and preventive care in HNC patients with psoriasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9131,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cancer","volume":"25 1","pages":"534"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11931850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143699177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rehabilitation after bone marrow transplant compared with usual care to improve patient outcomes (REBOOT): protocol for a randomised controlled trial.","authors":"Linda Denehy, Shaza Abo, Christopher Swain, Camille E Short, Nicole Kiss, Amit Khot, Eric Wong, Duncan Purtill, Clare O'Donnell, Marlena Klaic, Catherine L Granger, Michelle Tew, Tim Spelman, Vinicius Cavalheri, Lara Edbrooke","doi":"10.1186/s12885-025-13898-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12885-025-13898-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Haematological cancer affects more than 1.3 million people around the world annually and accounted for almost 800,000 deaths globally in 2020. The number of patients with these cancers undergoing bone marrow transplant is increasing. Of note, this intensive treatment is associated with complex and multifactorial side effects, often impacting nutritional status, physical functioning and overall health-related quality of life. The primary aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of an eight-week multidisciplinary rehabilitation intervention compared with usual care on the physical function domain of the European Organisation for the Research and Treatment of Cancer quality of life questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30 version 3) in patients with haematological cancer following bone marrow transplant.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a multisite, pragmatic two-arm parallel-group, randomised controlled trial (RCT) with stratified randomisation, powered for superiority, recruiting 170 participants at 30 days following either allogeneic or autologous bone marrow transplant (ACTRN12622001071718). Recruitment sites include three Australian university affiliated teaching hospitals. Participants are eligible if aged ≥ 18 years, treated for haematological cancer with allogeneic or autologous bone marrow transplant and can walk independently. The intervention group will receive eight weeks of twice weekly telehealth-based exercise classes, an initial and follow up dietetics consult, post exercise protein supplements, and a home-based physical activity program, all with embedded behaviour change strategies. The primary outcome is patient reported physical function measured using the EORTC QLQ-C30 version 3. Secondary outcomes include other domains of the EORTC QLQ-C30, fatigue, physical function, physical activity levels, frailty, body composition, sarcopenia and nutrition assessment. We will also undertake a health economic analysis alongside the trial and a process evaluation exploring intervention fidelity, causal mechanisms as well as contextual influences through qualitative enquiry.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The REBOOT trial will add RCT-evidence from a rigorously conducted, statistically powered multi-site trial to existing limited knowledge on the effects of multi-disciplinary rehabilitation for people with haematological cancer. If effectiveness is supported, then implementation of rehabilitation into care pathways for people having bone marrow transplant can be considered.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ACTRN12622001071718 prospectively registered 03/08/2022, last updated 08/03/2024.</p>","PeriodicalId":9131,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cancer","volume":"25 1","pages":"532"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11931774/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The olfactory receptor OR51E2 regulates prostate cancer aggressiveness and modulates STAT3 in prostate cancer cells and in xenograft tumors.","authors":"Mikkel Thy Thomsen, Morten Busk, Dalin Zhang, Chun-Lung Chiu, Hongjuan Zhao, Fernando Jose Garcia-Marques, Abel Bermudez, Sharon Pitteri, Michael Borre, James D Brooks, Jens Randel Nyengaard","doi":"10.1186/s12885-025-13928-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12885-025-13928-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite advancements in the detection and treatment of prostate cancer, the molecular mechanisms underlying its progression remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of the receptor OR51E2, which is commonly upregulated in prostate cancer, in the progression of this disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We investigated the physiological effects of OR51E2 through CRISPR-Cas9-induced monoclonal OR51E2 knockout. We assessed in vitro and in vivo tumorigenicity and conducted transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of xenograft tumors derived from these knockout cells. Furthermore, we analyzed the effects of differences in OR51E2-expression levels in patients from a TCGA cohort.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>OR51E2-knockout cells exhibited increased proliferation, migration, adhesion, anchorage-independent colony formation, and tumor growth rates, resulting in a more aggressive cancer phenotype. Omics analyses revealed several potential pathways associated with significant molecular changes, notably an aberration in the STAT3 pathway linked to IL-6 signaling, highlighting a connection to inflammatory pathways. TCGA cohort analysis revealed that prostate cancer patients with low tumor OR51E2 expression had a worse prognosis and a higher average Gleason grade than those with higher expression levels. Additionally, this analysis supported the putative OR51E2-related modulation of the STAT3 pathway.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>OR51E2 is regulated throughout prostate cancer progression and actively influences cancer cell physiology affecting cancer aggressiveness. Reduced OR51E2 expression may adversely affect patient outcomes, potentially through alterations in the STAT3 pathway that impact cellular responses to inflammatory signaling.</p>","PeriodicalId":9131,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cancer","volume":"25 1","pages":"535"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11934788/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143699183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}