{"title":"Explosive tumor growth in a patient with colon cancer is associated with reduced neoantigen levels and decreased interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) signaling.","authors":"Yaqi Wang, Jiahua Lu, Dandan Huang, Pengju Chen, Jingyi Shi, Jie Cheng, Jingbo Gan, Ruifeng Li, Jingxuan Xu, Zhaoya Gao, Xiaodong Wang, Wensheng Huang, Yanhui Yin, Hebing Chen, Jing Huang, Cheng Li, Jin Gu","doi":"10.1186/s12885-025-14211-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12885-025-14211-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Explosive tumor growth is characterized by rapid tumor growth in a short time period. Currently, there is no precise scientific definition for the condition, which is often accompanied with a poor clinical prognosis. Herein, we presented a study of a young patient with colon cancer who experienced explosive tumor growth. A clinical multidisciplinary team (MDT) collaborated with bioinformaticians to provide precise treatment and elucidate the biological mechanisms underpinning this growth.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 28-year-old male patient diagnosed with colon cancer experienced explosive tumor growth. Peripheral bloods (PB) during immunotherapy were collected for immune cytokine analyses and flow cytometry assays on immune cell subsets. To further examine the underlying mechanisms of this explosive-growth, we conducted whole exome sequencing (WES) and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) of samples taken at different time points.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The patient was diagnosed with Lynch syndrome. We implemented an immunotherapy and performed PB immune cytokine assays before, during, and after this therapy. Our observations suggested that immunotherapy may remodel interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) signaling and enhance T cell-mediated immune responses. By exploring explosive tumor growth mechanisms, we observed that tumors had significantly less insertion and deletion (INDEL) mutations and INDEL-derived neoantigens. Additionally, they had deficient antigen presentation functions as characterized by decreased IFN-γ signaling activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Neoantigen loss and decreased IFN-γ signaling activity contributed to explosive tumor growth in this patient. Recovered IFN-γ signaling may lead to effective immunotherapy outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9131,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cancer","volume":"25 1","pages":"1005"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12143068/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144233183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Risk of cancer among adult solid organ transplant recipients in Quebec, Canada: 1997-2016.","authors":"Theerthika Dillibabu, Claudie Laprise, Belinda Nicolau, Sreenath Madathil","doi":"10.1186/s12885-025-14349-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12885-025-14349-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients have a 2-3 times higher cancer risk due to immunosuppressive therapy used for organ rejection, but Canadian data are limited. Understanding cancer incidence in this population is crucial for improving screening and preventive strategies.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To estimate cancer incidence among Quebec SOT recipients and compare their risk with that of the general population.</p><p><strong>Setting and design: </strong>We linked two provincial administrative databases from 1997 to 2016 to conduct a retrospective cohort study. Cancer incidence rates were stratified by sex and age, and standardized risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated by comparing the observed cancer cases in our study population to the expected cases in the general population using the Quebec cancer registry.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>A total of 6,873 transplant recipients, including 4,284 kidney, 1,142 liver, 612 heart, 443 lung, and 392 other/multiple transplant recipients.</p><p><strong>Main outcome and measures: </strong>The primary outcome of interest was cancer incidence. Cancer incidence rates were calculated per 1,000 person-years. The standardized risk ratio (SRR) was used to quantify cancer risk relative to the general population.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 6,873 transplant recipients, 1,142 developed cancers, yielding an incidence rate of 23.5 per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 22.1-24.9). Skin cancer was the most common, followed by lymphoid, hematopoietic, and digestive cancers. The overall SRR showed a 2.6-fold higher cancer risk than in the general population.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and relevance: </strong>Solid organ transplant recipients in Quebec face a higher cancer risk than the general population. A nationwide study is needed to inform health policies and improve management of this vulnerable population.</p>","PeriodicalId":9131,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cancer","volume":"25 1","pages":"1004"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12142811/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144233187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BMC CancerPub Date : 2025-06-04DOI: 10.1186/s12885-025-14401-8
Ning Lan, Min Lai, Ying Gao, Xuan Wang, Min Chen, Shuheng Bai, Junyang Wang, Wenzhen Yuan, Juan Ren
{"title":"The mediating role of postoperative blood glucose in the relationship between body composition and overall survival in non-diabetic gastric cancer patients.","authors":"Ning Lan, Min Lai, Ying Gao, Xuan Wang, Min Chen, Shuheng Bai, Junyang Wang, Wenzhen Yuan, Juan Ren","doi":"10.1186/s12885-025-14401-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12885-025-14401-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9131,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cancer","volume":"25 1","pages":"995"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12135572/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144224242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hepatitis B and C virus infection and risk of multiple myeloma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Kamran Zamani, Poorya Rostami, Ramyar Rahimi Darehbagh, Maryam Afraie, Yousef Moradi","doi":"10.1186/s12885-025-14420-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12885-025-14420-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal proliferative disorder of plasma cells with limited curative options. Hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) viruses have been implicated in the development of various hematological malignancies, but their association with MM remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the risk of MM in individuals with HBV and HCV infections.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and additional sources for cohort and case-control studies published between January 1990 and January 2025. The relative risk (RR) of developing MM in individuals with HBV and HCV infections was pooled using a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses were performed based on age, geographic region, and diagnostic method. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess study quality. Statistical heterogeneity was evaluated using the I² statistic, and publication bias was assessed using Egger's test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventeen studies, comprising 1 cohort and 16 case-control studies, were included. Nine studies examined the association between HBV and MM, yielding a pooled RR of 1.25 (95% CI: 0.99-1.58) with moderate heterogeneity (I² = 56.52%). Fifteen studies evaluated the association between HCV and MM, with a pooled RR of 1.84 (95% CI: 1.27-2.67), indicating a higher risk in HCV-infected individuals. Subgroup analysis revealed a stronger association in European populations for both HBV (RR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.05-2.66) and HCV (RR: 2.27, 95% CI: 1.21-4.25). No significant publication bias was detected for either HBV or HCV analyses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HBV and HCV infections are associated with an increased risk of developing multiple myeloma, with HCV demonstrating a stronger association. These findings highlight the importance of screening and monitoring patients with chronic hepatitis for potential hematological malignancies, especially in high-risk regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9131,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cancer","volume":"25 1","pages":"998"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12135261/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144224239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BMC CancerPub Date : 2025-06-04DOI: 10.1186/s12885-025-13822-9
Randa Saeed, Stephen McSorley, Almudena Cascales, Donald C McMillan
{"title":"The prognostic/ predictive value of the systematic inflammatory response in patients receiving immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Randa Saeed, Stephen McSorley, Almudena Cascales, Donald C McMillan","doi":"10.1186/s12885-025-13822-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12885-025-13822-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The second most common malignancy after breast cancer is lung cancer (LC). Small cell lung cancer accounts for 15%, while non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 85% of cases. Immunotherapy has improved treatment outcomes in NSCLC. However, the role of systemic inflammation-based prognostic scores in predicting response to treatment is not clear. The meta-analyses aims to evaluate the prognostic/ predictive value of inflammatory biomarkers, including NLR, ALI, PLR, CRP, and mGPS, and their potential associated with overall survival in NSCLC patients receiving immunotherapy as first-line or second-line treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted following the Cochrane Handbook and PRISMA guidelines. Searches were performed in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for studies published until January 1, 2022, using specific keywords related to NSCLC, immunotherapy, inflammatory biomarkers and survival. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan software, analyzing the hazard ratio (HRs) with a 95% confidence interval (CIs) primarily in relation to overall survival.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six thirty three records were identified, and 17 articles were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled analysis of NLR, ALI, PLR, CRP, and mGPS was significantly associated with OS without significant heterogeneity (NLR: HR = 2.15; 95% CI 1.60 - 2.87; P-Value < 0.00001); (ALI: HR = 2.03; 95% CI 1.43 - 2.88; P-Value < 0.0001); (PLR: HR = 4.06; 95% CI 2.14 - 7.67; P-Value < 0.0001); (CRP: HR = 5.37; 95% CI 3.90 - 7.39; P-Value < 0.00001); and (mGPS: HR = 3.27; 95% CI 1.26 - 8.28; P-Value = 0.01), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Systemic inflammatory biomarkers demonstrate independent prognostic/ predictive value in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer who receive immunotherapy as either the first-line or second-line therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9131,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cancer","volume":"25 1","pages":"994"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12135607/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144224243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BMC CancerPub Date : 2025-06-04DOI: 10.1186/s12885-025-14289-4
Mohamad El-Jammal, Omran Saifi, Jose Bazan, Youssef H Zeidan
{"title":"Radiation therapy in clinically node positive HER2 positive breast cancer after primary systemic therapy and breast conserving surgery: pooled analysis of TRYPHAENA and NeoSphere trials.","authors":"Mohamad El-Jammal, Omran Saifi, Jose Bazan, Youssef H Zeidan","doi":"10.1186/s12885-025-14289-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12885-025-14289-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The benefit of regional nodal irradiation (RNI) following modern primary systemic therapy (PST) in HER2-positive breast cancer (HER2 + BC) remains under investigation. The current study evaluates RNI practice patterns and outcomes based on the pathological response to PST in clinically node-positive (cN+) HER2 + BC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>TRYPHAENA and NeoSphere are two randomized phase II trials that investigated PST for HER2 + BC. The current study is a pooled analysis of both trials, focusing on cN + patients treated with HER2-targeted PST followed by breast-conserving surgery. The primary goal is to describe patterns of RNI practicein this population and its impact on breast cancer recurrence-free survival (BCRFS) and loco-regional recurrence-free survival (LRRFS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our analysis included a total of 90 patients with cN + disease. Complete nodal pathological response was achieved in 53 patients (58.9%). Patients with ypN0 had a 5-year LRRFS of 95.83% whereas patients with ypN + had 5-year LRRFS of 87.43% (p = 0.105). RNI was used in 16 ypN0 (48.5%) patients and 17 ypN+ (51.5%) patients. Patients treated with RNI had 5-year LRRFS of 93.4% as compared to 92.5% in the no RNI group (p = 0.868). Distant metastasis was detected in 5 patients (5%) with the most common sites being: liver, lung, bone, and CNS. Locoregional recurrence was significantly associated with distant failure (p = 0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>cN + HER2 + BC patients who achieve ypN0 after PST have excellent locoregional control. In contrast, patients with ypN + tend to have lower locoregional control. The utility of RNI in HER2 + BC warrants further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9131,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cancer","volume":"25 1","pages":"996"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12135527/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144224241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BMC CancerPub Date : 2025-06-04DOI: 10.1186/s12885-025-14398-0
Gangping Li, Di Zhang, Minghui Li, Fangfang Yuan, Yongqi Wang, Yuewen Fu
{"title":"Association between triglyceride-glucose index and hypertension in adults with cancer from NHANES 2005-2018: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Gangping Li, Di Zhang, Minghui Li, Fangfang Yuan, Yongqi Wang, Yuewen Fu","doi":"10.1186/s12885-025-14398-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12885-025-14398-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Insulin resistance (IR) is linked to hypertension development.The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a proposed alternative biochemical marker for IR. This study aimed to explore the relationship between TyG and hypertension in adults with cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 1,222 cancer adults patients from the NHANES dataset (2005-2018). Demographics, medical history, lifestyle factors, and lab tests were assessed. Multivariable logistic regression, subgroup analysis, and smooth curve-fitting techniques were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 1,222 eligible participants, 775 (56.29%) had hypertension. When TyG was assessed as a continuous variable, higher TyG levels were significantly associated with increased hypertension prevalence (OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.09-2.11; p = 0.015) after adjusting for covariates. When TyG was analyzed as quartiles, compared to individuals with lower TyG Q1 (7.0-8.3), the adjusted OR values for TyG and hypertension in Q2 (8.3-8.7), Q3 (8.7-9.1), and Q4 (9.1-10.7) were 1.32 (95% CI: 0.85-2.06, p = 0.022), 1.63 (95% CI: 1.01-2.64, p = 0.043), and 1.68 (95% CI: 1.09-2.84, p = 0.041), respectively. The data were stratified by age, sex, marital status, education level, and family income. Stratified analysis revealed no significant interactions among subgroups (all p-Values > 0.05). Analysis using restricted cubic splines(RCS) suggested a linear relationship between TyG and hypertension in adults with cancer.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Higher TyG levels are associated with an increased risk of hypertension in adults with cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":9131,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cancer","volume":"25 1","pages":"993"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12135444/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144214922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BMC CancerPub Date : 2025-06-04DOI: 10.1186/s12885-025-14382-8
Hang Li, Yi Lu, Haiqing Chen, Tong Li, Fangqiu Fu, Jing Wang, Bing Li, Hong Hu
{"title":"Identification and validation of a DNA methylation-block prognostic model in non-small cell lung cancer patients.","authors":"Hang Li, Yi Lu, Haiqing Chen, Tong Li, Fangqiu Fu, Jing Wang, Bing Li, Hong Hu","doi":"10.1186/s12885-025-14382-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12885-025-14382-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>During perioperative care for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, clinical outcomes vary significantly. There is a critical need for more dependable biomarkers to identify high-risk individuals in the perioperative phase. This is essential for enhancing postoperative interventions and positively influencing clinical results.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We collected a tissue DNA methylation cohort of 73 stage I-III surgically treated patients as the discovery set for model development. The model was established using recurrence-free survival (RFS) as the primary endpoint. Subsequently, its prognostic value was validated in an independent cohort of 30 stage I-III surgical patients, and further confirmed across different patient subgroups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We developed an Early to Mid-term NSCLC Recurrence LASSO score (EMRL) predictive model based on five differentially methylated regions (DMRs). The EMRL model was significantly associated with RFS in stage I-III surgically treated patients (RFS: log-rank P = 0.00032) and was confirmed as an independent prognostic factor in multivariate Cox regression analysis (HR = 0.35, 95% confidence interval 0.20-0.61, P < 0.001). Notably, EMRL not only identified high-risk patients within the same TNM stage but also demonstrated strong predictive performance in patient subgroups harboring EGFR-TKI-sensitive mutations and those with positive PD-L1 expression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, we developed a postoperative recurrence prediction model based on preoperative tissue methylation characteristics to identify individuals in I-III stage NSCLC patients following surgical resection who may have a higher risk of recurrence. This offers opportunities for early personalized treatment and follow-up strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9131,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cancer","volume":"25 1","pages":"999"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12135241/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144224240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BMC CancerPub Date : 2025-06-04DOI: 10.1186/s12885-025-14405-4
Dekui Jin, Tian Lv, Chengying Zhang, Yi Hu
{"title":"Correction: Joint association of dietary live microbe intake and depression with cancer survivor in US adults: evidence from NHANES.","authors":"Dekui Jin, Tian Lv, Chengying Zhang, Yi Hu","doi":"10.1186/s12885-025-14405-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12885-025-14405-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9131,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cancer","volume":"25 1","pages":"997"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12135236/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144224238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BMC CancerPub Date : 2025-06-03DOI: 10.1186/s12885-025-14394-4
Jiahong Tan, Lin Zhao, Daoqi Wang, Xiaodie Wu, Yongxiang Bi, Hanying Wang, Na Ma, Dehong Yang, Wei Dong, Jie Zhang
{"title":"CEBPB promotes transformation of endometrial complex atypical hyperplasia to endometrial cancer.","authors":"Jiahong Tan, Lin Zhao, Daoqi Wang, Xiaodie Wu, Yongxiang Bi, Hanying Wang, Na Ma, Dehong Yang, Wei Dong, Jie Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12885-025-14394-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12885-025-14394-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As the precursor malignancy of endometrial cancer (EC), about 50% of endometrial complex atypical hyperplasia (CAH) will eventually progress to EC. Elucidating the underlying transformation mechanisms could aid in disease management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>EC, CAH, reversed CAH and normal endometrium tissues were collected and sequenced to identify genes involved in the malignant transformation. CEBPB expression was then compared between endometrial CAH and normal endometrium. After evaluation of its effects on proliferation, apoptosis, EMT, migration and invasion by using primary culture, the promotion effects of CEBPB on endometrial CAH were further confirmed using RNA sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>By integrating RNA sequencing data, CEBPB was identified as implicated in the transformation from endometrial CAH to EC. Endometrial CAH had overexpressed CEBPB compared with normal endometrium, but the expression decreased as the disease reversed. Primary cultures of CAH had enhanced proliferation, EMT, migration and invasion but reduced apoptosis compared with that of normal endometrium. Knockdown CEBPB in CAH primary cultures could suppress the proliferation, EMT, migration and invasion while increasing apoptosis, rendering the disease phenotype. Genes regulated by CEBPB were also significantly enriched in pathways related to the malignant transformation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CEBPB is involved in endometrial CAH and promotes the transformation from CAH to EC. CEBPB could potentially be exploited as a surrogate screening and surveillance biomarker for endometrial CAH at high cancerous risk, enabling better risk stratification and individualized treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":9131,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cancer","volume":"25 1","pages":"989"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12131642/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144214923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}