BMC Cancer最新文献

{"title":"Associations of combined lifestyle and metabolic risks with cancer incidence in the UK biobank study.","authors":"Feng Lin, Wen Hu, Chenfenglin Yang, Binglin Cheng, Hongfan Chen, Jiaxin Li, Hanrui Zhu, Haixiang Zhang, Xiang Yuan, Xianyue Ren, Xiaohong Hong, Xinran Tang","doi":"10.1186/s12885-025-13955-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12885-025-13955-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with an increased risk of various cancers, the combined impact of MetS and healthy lifestyle factors (HLF) on cancer risk is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the independent and combined effects of MetS and HLF on the risk of 16 site-specific cancers in a large community-based cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 289,557 participants in the UK Biobank were analyzed. MetS was defined using a combination of metabolic factors, while HLF scores were evaluated based on lifestyle behaviors, such as smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and diet. Cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate the relationship between MetS or HLF and cancer risk, adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, education level, family history of cancer, and the Townsend Deprivation Index (TDI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During a median follow-up of 11.69 years, 11,190 individuals developed cancer. MetS was associated with an increased risk of 9 cancers in men and 7 cancers in women. Compared with participants with unfavorable lifestyles, regardless of metabolic status, HLF was significantly associated with decreased risk of overall cancer (without MetS: HR: 0.812; 95% CI: 0.745-0.886 for intermediate lifestyle and HR: 0.757; 95% CI: 0.669-0.855 for favorable lifestyle; with MetS: HR: 0.702; 95% CI: 0.572-0.862 for favorable lifestyle) and oesophagus, stomach, liver, lung, bronchus, trachea cancers in men and of lung, bronchus, trachea cancers in women. Our analysis demonstrated that the protective association between HLF and reduced cancer risk was confined to subgroups without MetS. Specifically, this association was observed for cancers of the lip, oral cavity, pharynx, colon, rectum, pancreas, kidney, bladder, and lymphoid leukemia in men, and for overall cancer in women(HR: 0.917; 95% CI: 0.862-0.975 for intermediate lifestyle and HR: 0.875; 95% CI: 0.817-0.938 for favorable lifestyle).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MetS elevates risks for multiple cancers, while adopting a healthy lifestyle reduces risks of oesophagus, stomach, and lung, bronchus, trachea cancers in men and lung, bronchus, trachea cancer in women, regardless of metabolic status. However, MetS counteracts lifestyle-mediated protection against specific cancers-including lip, oral cavity, pharynx, colon, rectum, pancreas, kidney, and bladder cancers in men, as well as pancreas and breast cancers in women. These findings underscore the necessity to develop metabolic status-stratified management strategies and implement proactive prevention of MetS.</p>","PeriodicalId":9131,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cancer","volume":"25 1","pages":"547"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11948676/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143718011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"L-arginine dependence of breast cancer - molecular subtypes matter.","authors":"Juliane Hannemann, Leticia Oliveira-Ferrer, Anne Kathrin Goele, Yoana Mileva, Fiona Kleinsang, Antonia Röglin, Isabell Witzel, Volkmar Müller, Rainer Böger","doi":"10.1186/s12885-025-13908-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12885-025-13908-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>L-arginine limits proliferation in highly proliferative tissues. It is a substrate for nitric oxide synthases, arginases; its methylation by protein-L-arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) leads to asymmetric (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA). We measured L-arginine and its metabolites L-ornithine, L-citrulline, ADMA, and SDMA in a prospective cohort of 243 women with primary breast cancer (BC) and their associations with mortality and disease recurrence during 88 (IQR, 82-93) months of follow-up. We quantified these metabolites and expression of genes involved in L-arginine metabolic pathways in MCF-7, BT-474, SK-BR-3, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-468 cells representing ER-positive, HER2-positive, and triple-negative BC compared to MCF-12 A cells. Plasma L-arginine and ADMA concentrations were elevated in 47 patients with recurrent disease and in 34 non-survivors. ADMA was significantly associated with mortality and recurrent disease in Luminal A patients; low L-citrulline was significantly associated with survival in triple-negative BC. In all BC cells except MCF-7, DDAH1 and DDAH2 expression was higher than in MCF-12 A (DDAH1: 32-44 fold, DDAH2: 1.7-4.2 fold; p < 0.05). By contrast, MCF-7 cells showed low DDAH1 and DDAH2, but high PRMT4 and PRMT6 expression and high L-arginine content. BT-474 and MDA-MB-468 cells showed high ARG2 expression and high L-ornithine concentrations, and MDA-MB-468 cells had the highest L-citrulline/L-arginine ratio. In conclusion, regulation of L-arginine metabolic pathways shows a complex and differential pattern between BC subtypes. ADMA is a prognostic biomarker in Luminal A patients; its metabolizing enzyme, DDAH, is highly overexpressed in BC cells. Thus, fingerprinting of L-arginine metabolism may offer novel personalized treatment options within BC subtypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9131,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cancer","volume":"25 1","pages":"546"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11948839/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143718029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proficient surgeons enhance conversion rates and sphincter preservation in robotic rectal cancer surgery with comparable long-term outcomes: a comparative study with laparoscopy in a large-volume center in China.","authors":"Xiaojie Wang, Yangyang Wang, Zhifen Chen, Zhifang Zheng, Shenghui Huang, Yanwu Sun, Ying Huang, Pan Chi","doi":"10.1186/s12885-024-13407-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12885-024-13407-y","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Despite theoretical advantages, skepticism persists about robotic rectal cancer surgery due to the lack of evidence of benefit. This study aims to compare oncological and functional results of robotic-assisted surgery to laparoscopy, focusing on proficient surgeons with expertise in both techniques.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This retrospective study reviewed and compared 1304 patients who underwent either robotic surgery (n = 295) or laparoscopic surgery (n = 1009) for rectal cancer. The surgical procedures were performed by a team of highly skilled surgeons who individually carry out more than 350 laparoscopic or robotic colorectal cancer surgeries over the course of their career. Perioperative outcomes, recurrence data, and intestinal function outcomes were compared between groups with a propensity score matching (PSM) method. The primary outcomes were sphincter preservation and conversion to open laparotomy. Secondary endpoints included 3-year disease-free survival (DFS), 3-year overall survival (OS), complications, and the occurrence of low anterior resection syndrome (LARS). Fisher's exact test and χ2 were used to compare discrete variables between groups, while parametric (t-test) and nonparametric (U test, Kruskal-Wallis) tests were used for continuous outcomes, as appropriate. The Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests were employed to analyze and compare the DFS and OS outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The patients in the robotic group were younger, with a higher cN stage, positive EMVI and CRM, and a lower tumor location compared to the patients in the laparoscopic group. The robotic group also had more neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, causing an imbalance in (y)pT and (y)pN stage. Following PSM, all covariates were effectively balanced between the two groups. The robotic group had significantly higher sphincter preservation rates (94.0% vs. 84.4%, P &lt; 0.001) and no conversions to open laparotomy, while the laparoscopic group had 7 cases (0 vs. 2.5%, P = 0.015). There were no significant differences observed in diverting ileostomy, operative time, estimated blood loss, complications, margin involvement, or duration of hospitalization. The median follow-up was 31 months. No significant differences were found between the robotic and laparoscopic groups in terms of 3-year OS (94.1% vs. 93.3%, P = 0.812) and DFS (85.9% vs. 84.7%, P = 0.797). The robotic group had similar rates of recurrence in various sites, including local, liver, lung, bone, and peritoneal metastases. Major LARS occurred in 11.3% of patients, while minor LARS occurred in 14.8% with no significant differences between the groups (P = 0.54).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Comparable complication rates, 3-year OS, and DFS were found between robotic and laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery. Furthermore, it shed light on supplementary benefits associated with this approach, such as decreased conversion rates and enhanced sphincter preserva","PeriodicalId":9131,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cancer","volume":"25 1","pages":"545"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11948655/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143718032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of face to face and virtual education to promote breast self-examination based on the theory of planned behavior: a randomized controlled trial study.","authors":"Halime Cheraghalizadeh, Hajar Adib-Rad, Hajar Pasha, Mohammad Chehrazi, Fatemeh Nasiri-Amiri, Shabnam Omidvar","doi":"10.1186/s12885-025-13935-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12885-025-13935-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent cancer among women in both developed and developing countries. Breast self-examination (BSE) is crucial for the early detection of BC. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of face-to-face and virtual education on BSE, based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 240 women aged 30-55 in northern Iran from 2020 to 2022. Participants were selected using a random sampling method and were randomly assigned to three groups of 80 each (face to face, virtual, and control). The face to face educational intervention consisted of four consecutive weekly sessions (50 min each), with 20 participants per session. In the virtual training group, all teaching materials were delivered once a week via WhatsApp messenger. The control group did not receive any intervention. All participants completed questionnaires assessing demographic and fertility characteristics, BSE barriers, knowledge, and practice regarding BSE, as well as TPB constructs (attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, behavioral intention, and behavior) before, one month, and three months after the intervention. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 23.0. Statistical tests included the chi-square test, t-test, analysis of variance, repeated measures RMANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The significance level was set at P < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study results indicated that the mean BSE and TPB constructs increased in both the face to face and virtual education groups one and three months after the intervention (P < 0.001). In the face-to-face group, knowledge one month after the education was correlated with practice at both one and three months post-education (r = 0.304, P = 0.006, and r = 0.232, P = 0.038, respectively). Similarly, in the virtual group, knowledge and practice one month after the education was correlated with knowledge and practice three months post-education (r = 0.814, P = 0.001, and r = 0.722, P = 0.001, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of this study demonstrated that TPB is an effective theory for promoting BSE. Both face to face and virtual education interventions proved to be successful, with no significant difference between them.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>IRCT20230130057274N4 Date of registration: 2024-04-29 Retrospectively registered.</p>","PeriodicalId":9131,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cancer","volume":"25 1","pages":"548"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11948788/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143718024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myocarditis prediction in locally advanced or metastatic lung cancer patients with cardiac parameters abnormalities undergoing immunotherapy: development and validation of a risk assessment model.","authors":"Shanshan Li, Feng Du, Yan Zhang, Qiang Wang, Jianjian Dou, Xiangjiao Meng","doi":"10.1186/s12885-025-13943-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12885-025-13943-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized treatment for advanced lung cancer, yet their cardiotoxicity, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitor-related myocarditis, poses significant clinical challenges. This study aims to create a predictive model using cardiac biomarkers to identify patients prone to myocarditis during treatment, thereby enhancing clinical decision-making and patient outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective cohort study, 1,838 patients with locally advanced and metastatic lung cancer and abnormal baseline cardiac parameters receiving immunotherapy from June 2018 to August 2024 were analyzed, with a follow-up date cutoff of September 20, 2024. Patients were randomly divided into training (70%) and validation (30%) cohorts. Logistic regression analysis was conducted on demographic information, clinical characteristics, treatments, and cardiac parameters of these patients prior to immunotherapy. A nomogram was constructed via multivariable logistic regression, and AUC and Hosmer-Lemeshow tests were performed to verify the accuracy of the model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 1,838 patients, 89 (4.84%) developed myocarditis. Independent predictors included α-HBDH > 910 U/L (OR = 10.57, 95%CI: 2.47-45.22, P = 0.001), CK-MB > 15 ng/mL (OR = 3.87, 95%CI: 1.06-14.11, P = 0.040), hs-cTnT elevation (14-28 pg/mL: OR = 4.19; 28-42 pg/mL: OR = 13.10; >42 pg/mL: OR = 25.43, P < 0.001), NT-proBNP > 3× age-adjusted upper limit (OR = 9.72, 95%CI: 1.09-86.73, P = 0.042), and Caprini score ≥ 4 (OR = 4.49, 95%CI: 2.26-8.90, P < 0.001). The nomogram demonstrated strong discrimination ability, with an AUC of 0.831 in the training cohort (sensitivity: 0.842, specificity: 0.717) and an AUC of 0.844 in the validation cohort.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study establishes a validated risk assessment model integrating cardiac biomarkers (α-HBDH, CK-MB, hs-cTnT, NT-proBNP) and Caprini risk score to predict ICI-related myocarditis in lung cancer patients with cardiac abnormalities. The tool facilitates early identification of high-risk patients, enabling tailored monitoring and preemptive management. These findings underscore the critical role of baseline cardiac profiling in optimizing immunotherapy safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":9131,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cancer","volume":"25 1","pages":"541"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11934563/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143708511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The prognostic value of a laboratory cachexia score (LCAS) defined by LDH, CRP and albumin in patients with advanced lung cancer.","authors":"Joshua J Thompson, Nicholas MacLeod, Sarah Will, Fraser O'Rourke, Josh McGovern, Campbell Roxburgh, Joanne Edwards, Ross D Dolan, Donald C McMillan","doi":"10.1186/s12885-025-13426-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12885-025-13426-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Systemic inflammation has prognostic value in cancer and is considered aetiological of cachexia by the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM). Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) also has recognized prognostic value. The present study aimed to evaluate the ability of a laboratory cachexia score (LCAS) defined by LDH, CRP and albumin, to identify cachexia and predict outcome in advanced lung cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients (n = 261) with serum LDH, CRP and albumin measurement receiving palliative radiotherapy for advanced lung cancer between 2009 and 2015 were identified. Subjects were stratified by LDH and LCAS. This was compared to GRIm and LIPI, two previously described LDH based prognostic scores, which do not incorporate CRP.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On follow up there were 201 deaths. LDH and LCAS were associated with 1-year survival independent of ECOG-PS, MUST, weight loss, BMI, SMI, SMD, metastases, mGPS or NLR (all p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis LCAS (1.36, 1.13-1.63, p = 0.001), LIPI (1.50, 1.17-1.92, p = 0.02), metastases (1.53, 1.15-2.04, p = 0.004) and ECOG-PS (1.28, 1.04-1.57, p = 0.019) were independently associated with poorer overall survival.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LCAS appears to identify cachexia and stratify survival. This may represent a useful aetiological criterion within the GLIM framework and a more powerful prognostic tool than the phenotypic criteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":9131,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cancer","volume":"25 1","pages":"543"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11938618/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143708559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thyroid nodule classification in ultrasound imaging using deep transfer learning.","authors":"Yan Xu, Mingmin Xu, Zhe Geng, Jie Liu, Bin Meng","doi":"10.1186/s12885-025-13917-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12885-025-13917-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The accurate diagnosis of thyroid nodules represents a critical and frequently encountered challenge in clinical practice, necessitating enhanced precision in diagnostic methodologies. In this study, we investigate the predictive efficacy of distinguishing between benign and malignant thyroid nodules by employing traditional machine learning algorithms and a deep transfer learning model, aiming to advance the diagnostic paradigm in this field.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective study, ITK-Snap software was utilized for image preprocessing and feature extraction from thyroid nodules. Feature screening and dimensionality reduction were conducted using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression method. To identify the optimal model, both traditional machine learning and transfer learning approaches were employed, followed by model fusion using post-fusion techniques. The performance of the model was rigorously evaluated through the area under the curve (AUC), calibration curve analysis, and decision curve analysis (DCA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1134 images from 630 cases of thyroid nodules were included in this study, comprising 589 benign nodules and 545 malignant nodules. Through comparative analysis, the support vector machine (SVM), which demonstrated the best diagnostic performance among traditional machine learning models, and the Inception V3 convolutional neural network model, based on transfer learning, were selected for model construction. The SVM model achieved an AUC of 0.748 (95% CI: 0.684-0.811) for diagnosing malignant thyroid nodules, while the Inception V3 transfer learning model yielded an AUC of 0.763 (95% CI: 0.702-0.825). Following model fusion, the AUC improved to 0.783 (95% CI: 0.724-0.841). The difference in performance between the fusion model and the traditional machine learning model was statistically significant (p = 0.036). Decision curve analysis (DCA) further confirmed that the fusion model exhibits superior clinical utility, highlighting its potential for practical application in thyroid nodule diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings demonstrate that the fusion model, which integrates a convolutional neural network (CNN) with traditional machine learning and deep transfer learning techniques, can effectively differentiate between benign and malignant thyroid nodules through the analysis of ultrasound images. This model fusion approach significantly optimizes and enhances diagnostic performance, offering a robust and intelligent tool for the clinical detection of thyroid diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":9131,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cancer","volume":"25 1","pages":"544"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11938658/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143708563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Claudin 18.2 expression profile in primary tumors and their ovarian metastases: implications for targeted therapy.","authors":"Nah Ihm Kim, Joo Yeon Koo, Sung Sun Kim, Ji Young Lee, Ji Shin Lee, Hyun Jin Bang, Woo Kyun Bae, Tae Mi Yoon, Kyung-Sub Moon, Jae-Hyuk Lee, Kyung-Hwa Lee","doi":"10.1186/s12885-025-13940-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12885-025-13940-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Claudin 18.2 (CLDN18.2), a tight junction protein predominantly expressed in the normal gastric epithelium, has recently emerged as a potential therapeutic target in various solid tumors. Despite growing interest, comprehensive data on CLDN18.2 expression across primary tumors from different organs and their corresponding metastatic lesions remain limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study analyzed CLDN18.2 expression in 102 patients with primary adenocarcinomas from various organs and their corresponding ovarian metastatic carcinomas and in 81 cases of primary ovarian mucinous tumors using immunohistochemistry. We evaluated the association of CLDN18.2 expression with clinicopathologic features and survival outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The highest CLDN18.2 positivity rate was observed in gastric adenocarcinomas (40%, 12/30), followed by cervical adenocarcinomas (20%, 1/5) and colorectal adenocarcinomas (4%, 2/50). Notably, primary ovarian mucinous tumors showed remarkably high expression rates, reaching 77% overall and 100% in mucinous borderline tumors. In contrast, adenocarcinomas of the appendix and breast lacked CLDN18 expression. While CLDN18.2 expression was generally maintained during metastasis, some variations in expression patterns were observed, particularly in gastric cancers (13%, 4/30). Our analysis found no significant correlation between CLDN18.2 expression and overall survival in the patient cohort.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The preserved expression of CLDN18.2 in metastatic tumors underscores its potential utility as a target for therapeutic approaches. Our findings emphasize the importance of evaluating CLDN18.2 status in both primary and metastatic tumors to refine therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9131,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cancer","volume":"25 1","pages":"540"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11934528/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143708430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NCR as a biomarker for nutritional status and inflammation in predicting outcomes in patients with cancer cachexia: a prospective, multicenter study.","authors":"Xiangrui Li, Li Deng, Hailun Xie, Shuqun Li, Hong Zhao, Tong Liu, Xiaoyue Liu, Shiqi Lin, ChengAn Liu, Han-Ping Shi","doi":"10.1186/s12885-025-13919-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12885-025-13919-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Systemic inflammation and nutritional status are key factors affecting the prognosis of patients with cancer cachexia. This study aims to evaluate the prognostic value of a new nutritional and inflammatory index, Prognostic Nutritional CRP Ratio (NCR), in patients with cancer cachexia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective multicenter study analyzed 3,447 patients diagnosed with cancer cachexia across over 40 clinical centers in China, from June 2012 to December 2023. The NCR was calculated as BMI × albumin / CRP. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was utilized to analyze hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause mortality. The relationship between NCR and all-cause mortality was assessed using restricted cubic spline modeling. The optimal cutoff value for NCR was determined through maximally selected rank statistics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 3,447 individuals diagnosed with cancer cachexia in our study, 2,296 (66.6%) were men, and 1,151 (33.4%) were women. With a median follow-up duration of 45.33 months, the mean age of the participants was 63.8 ± 11.4 years. We observed that lower NCR levels were prevalent among cachexia patients across a spectrum of cancer types, including lung, colorectal, liver, esophageal, breast, ovarian, and cervical cancers. We observed that lower NCR levels were prevalent among cachexia patients across a spectrum of cancer types, including lung, colorectal, liver, esophageal, breast, ovarian, and cervical cancers. This correlation held true across diverse patient subgroups, delineated by gender, age, smoking status, BMI, TNM stage, and tumor types, underscoring the broad applicability of NCR as a prognostic marker. Moreover, our findings highlighted that cancer cachexia patients with higher NCR levels experienced a significantly improved quality of life.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The NCR, indicative of nutritional status and inflammation, is associated with reduced all-cause mortality and could be a valuable prognostic marker for patients with cancer cachexia.</p>","PeriodicalId":9131,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cancer","volume":"25 1","pages":"539"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11934689/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143708541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiomic-based approaches in the multi-metastatic setting: a quantitative review.","authors":"Caryn Geady, Hemangini Patel, Jacob Peoples, Amber Simpson, Benjamin Haibe-Kains","doi":"10.1186/s12885-025-13850-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12885-025-13850-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Radiomics traditionally focuses on analyzing a single lesion within a patient to extract tumor characteristics, yet this process may overlook inter-lesion heterogeneity, particularly in the multi-metastatic setting. There is currently no established method for combining radiomic features in such settings, leading to diverse approaches with varying strengths and limitations. Our quantitative review aims to illuminate these methodologies, assess their replicability, and guide future research toward establishing best practices, offering insights into the challenges of multi-lesion radiomic analysis across diverse datasets.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a comprehensive literature search to identify methods for integrating data from multiple lesions in radiomic analyses. We replicated these methods using either the author's code or by reconstructing them based on the information provided in the papers. Subsequently, we applied these identified methods to three distinct datasets, each depicting a different metastatic scenario.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We compared ten mathematical methods for combining radiomic features across three distinct datasets, encompassing 16,894 lesions in 3,930 patients. Performance was evaluated using the Cox proportional hazards model and benchmarked against univariable analysis of total tumor volume. Results varied by dataset and lesion burden, with no single method consistently outperforming others. In colorectal liver metastases (TCIA-CRLM, 494 lesions in 197 patients), averaging methods showed the highest median performance. In soft tissue sarcoma (TH CR-406/SARC021, 1255 lesions in 545 patients), concatenating radiomic features from multiple lesions exhibited the best performance. In head and neck cancers (TCIA-RADCURE, 15,145 lesions in 3188 patients), total tumor volume remained a strong predictor. These findings highlight dataset-specific influences, including tumor type and lesion burden, on the effectiveness of radiomic feature aggregation methods.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Radiomic features can be effectively selected or combined to estimate patient-level outcomes in multi-metastatic patients, though the approach varies by metastatic setting. Our study fills a critical gap in radiomics research by examining the challenges of radiomic-based analysis in this setting. Through a comprehensive review and rigorous testing of different methods across diverse datasets representing unique metastatic scenarios, we provide valuable insights into effective radiomic analysis strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9131,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cancer","volume":"25 1","pages":"538"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11934564/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143708557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}