BMC Cancer最新文献

{"title":"Closing the gap of older adult recruitment to cancer clinical trials: a scoping review.","authors":"Sarah Dillon, Rose Galvin, Deirdre Hartigan, Ruth Clifford, Niamh Peters, Katie Robinson, Margaret O'Connor, Patrick O'Donnell","doi":"10.1186/s12885-026-16051-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-026-16051-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although they constitute a large proportion of those with cancer, older adults remain underrepresented in cancer clinical trials (CCTs). This scoping review aims to map the available literature regarding barriers and enablers to the recruitment of older adults to CCTs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature search was conducted in CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed/MEDLINE, C2-SPECTR Campbell Systematic Reviews and Cochrane Library from 2004 to January 2026. Records were screened by two independent reviewers. Data related to study characteristics and findings were extracted in duplicate. Original research including older adult participants (having a median/mean age of 60 years or older) with any cancer diagnosis (haematological or solid tumour), which explored factors relating to their recruitment to CCTs were eligible for inclusion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 29,160 records were identified through database searches. After screening, 30 studies met the inclusion criteria. Fifteen studies investigated patients, 3 investigated patients and carers, 4 investigated physicians/oncologists or providers, 2 investigated researchers and 6 had mixed populations. Studies were conducted in the USA (n = 19), Canada (n = 4), the Netherlands (n = 2), France (n = 3), Germany (n = 1) and Ireland (n = 1). Interpersonal, intrapersonal, environmental and institutional factors were the most commonly cited factors influencing CCT participation. Notably, the caregiver perspective was underexplored, despite caregivers often being framed as integrally important for making CCT decisions. Among the factors that could be modified were the physician/patient relationship, lack of information, and mistrust. Seven studies were identified that focused on interventions to increase recruitment, with varying approaches utilised.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Intrapersonal, interpersonal, institutional and environmental factors were among the most cited influences on CCT participation in older adults. The patient-physician relationship appeared to hold substantial influence, acting to both discourage or encourage participation, with institutional factors limiting clinicians' ability to communicate about trials. Greater consideration of the opinions of carers is recommended, given their importance in supporting treatment. Identification of these factors can inform the development of future research and can provide actionable insights into how CCT teams may encourage participation of older adults. Institutional commitment will be needed to ensure equitable access to trials, with further studies examining recruitment strategies required to justify the resource-intensive nature of this effort.</p>","PeriodicalId":9131,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cancer","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147833444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic factors and survival in elderly breast cancer patients: roles of age, stage and inflammatory markers.","authors":"Doğancan Akpalamut, Halil İbrahim Ellez, Elif Atağ, Oktay Halit Aktepe, Hüseyin Salih Semiz, Aziz Karaoğlu","doi":"10.1186/s12885-026-16142-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-026-16142-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breast cancer is a major clinical problem in elderly patients, yet data on prognostic factors and treatment outcomes in this population remain limited. This study investigated clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and survival in elderly breast cancer patients, with focus on functional status, comorbidity burden, and inflammatory markers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 261 patients aged ≥ 65 years diagnosed with breast cancer at Dokuz Eylül University Medical Oncology Clinic between 2010 and 2023. Patients were stratified into two age groups (65-74 and ≥ 75 years). Clinicopathological characteristics, treatment modalities, ECOG performance status, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), and the derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (dNLR) were analyzed. Treatment comparisons were restricted to non-metastatic disease (stage I-III, n = 204). Survival was analyzed with Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis identified an optimal dNLR cutoff, and time-dependent ROC with inverse probability of censoring weighting assessed discriminatory performance over time. Multivariate Cox regression with backward likelihood ratio elimination identified independent prognostic factors; Harrell's concordance index was calculated for model validation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Median follow-up was 142 months. No significant differences were observed between age groups regarding pathological features, receptor status, or comorbidities. However, patients aged ≥ 75 years were less likely to undergo primary surgery (p = 0.041), adjuvant chemotherapy (p = 0.001), or radiotherapy (p = 0.001). Median overall survival was 148 versus 87 months (p < 0.001). ROC identified an optimal dNLR cutoff of 1.74 (AUC 0.628); time-dependent AUCs were 0.772, 0.652, and 0.668 at 1, 3, and 5 years. LDH showed no significant discriminatory capacity. Multivariate analysis identified ECOG ≥ 2 (HR 2.89), CCI ≥ 3 (HR 2.12), stage IV (HR 7.43), dNLR > 1.74 (HR 2.14), TNBC (HR 2.30), age ≥ 75 (HR 1.52), and surgery (HR 0.53) as independent predictors of mortality. The full model achieved a C-index of 0.792.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Elderly breast cancer patients are less frequently treated despite similar clinicopathological features. ECOG performance status, CCI, disease stage, dNLR, and clinical subtype are independent predictors of mortality. The prognostic impact of chronological age was substantially attenuated after adjusting for functional status and comorbidity, emphasizing that treatment decisions should be guided by comprehensive geriatric assessment rather than age alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":9131,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cancer","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147833526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AMPK/p38 MAPK signaling selectively enhances HIF-induced VEGF-A165 expression under hypoxic and low-glucose conditions in HepG2 cells to promote endothelial cell proliferation and migration.","authors":"Hirohito Hashinokuchi, Munekazu Yamakuchi, Sadayuki Higashi, Kazunori Takenouchi, Akito Tabaru, Yoko Oyama, Chieko Fujisaki, Kiyonori Tanoue, Masashi Okawa, Fuminori Namino, Teruto Hashiguchi","doi":"10.1186/s12885-026-16069-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-026-16069-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Angiogenesis is essential for tumor development and growth. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), a key regulator of angiogenesis, has several isoforms; however, their expression patterns and mechanisms of action are not fully understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the expression patterns of VEGF-A isoforms and their effects on endothelial cell responses related to angiogenesis under hypoxic and low-glucose conditions, which are major features of the tumor microenvironment, using a hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We cultured human liver cancer-derived cell lines under hypoxic and low-glucose conditions and analyzed the expression patterns of VEGF-A isoforms using an original enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system that could separately detect human VEGF-A121 and VEGF-A165, which we had previously developed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The addition of low-glucose conditions to a hypoxic environment increased VEGF-A mRNA and protein expression in HepG2 cells, particularly that of VEGF-A165. Since it is known that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) signaling increases the stability of VEGF-A mRNA, we investigated the involvement of this signal and found that activation of AMPK increased VEGF-A165 protein expression, while inhibition of AMPK and p38 MAPK reduced VEGF-A165 protein expression. Furthermore, the effects of VEGF-A isoforms on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were examined. VEGF-A165 activated phosphorylation signals in HUVECs and upregulated their proliferation and migration abilities compared to VEGF-A121.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that AMPK/p38 MAPK signaling selectively enhances hypoxia-inducible factor-induced VEGF-A165 expression in tumors and promotes endothelial cell proliferation and migration, which may contribute to angiogenesis in vivo.</p>","PeriodicalId":9131,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cancer","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147833435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and mortality in cancer patients: a cohort study.","authors":"Lingdan Ma, Haiyuan Zhong, Yaohong Liu, Chunli Chen, Min Liang, Guang Xiong","doi":"10.1186/s12885-026-16128-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-026-16128-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>With the improvement in long-term survival of cancer patients, cancer is increasingly being regarded as a chronic disease, whose long-term prognosis is influenced not only by the tumor itself but also significantly constrained by non-cancer factors. Dyslipidemia, especially the imbalance between non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), has been suggested to be associated with cancer prognosis. However, the specific association between the non-HDL-C to HDL-C ratio (NHHR) and mortality risk in cancer patients remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the relationship between NHHR and all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer-specific mortality in cancer patients, providing a scientific basis for clinical risk assessment and management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cohort study included 3524 cancer patients from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2018. Weighted multivariable Cox models were used to evaluate the associations between NHHR and mortality. Dose-response relationships were examined using restricted cubic splines and piecewise Cox models. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were further conducted to assess the robustness of the findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Restricted cubic splines revealed a U-shaped association between NHHR and both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, with the lowest risk observed at NHHR values of 3.33 and 3.02, respectively. Threshold effect analysis showed that when baseline NHHR was below the inflection points, NHHR was negatively associated with all-cause mortality (HR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.71-0.88) and cardiovascular mortality (HR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.58-0.94). Conversely, when baseline NHHR exceeded the inflection points, NHHR was positively associated with all-cause mortality (HR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.20-1.73) and cardiovascular mortality (HR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.20-2.45). No significant associations were observed between NHHR and cancer-related mortality. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses showed consistent results, with no significant interactions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In cancer patients, NHHR exhibited a U-shaped association with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, with the respective inflection points at 3.33 and 3.02. No significant association was detected between NHHR and cancer-related mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":9131,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cancer","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147833363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy as first-line treatment for HER2-negative advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer: systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis based on specific PD-L1 expression levels.","authors":"Wen Yi, Kalima Muhetaer, Longhai Chen, Xiaoli Ma, Yu Wei, Leiyu Cao, Yan Gao, Chengcheng Qu, Muhetaibaier Hairoula, Li Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12885-026-16084-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-026-16084-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gastric/gastroesophageal junction cancer (G/GEJC) is a major global health concern. HER2-negative advanced cases, which are common, have a poor prognosis and high peritoneal metastasis rates. First-line chemotherapy has limitations, while immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy shows promise, the optimal regimen for patients with different PD-L1 expression levels remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic review and Bayesian network meta - analysis by searching PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases. Eight RCTs involving 7619 patients and 7 immunotherapy-chemotherapy regimens were included. Outcomes included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), and grade ≥ 3 adverse events (AEs). This analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of various first-line immunotherapy-combination chemotherapy regimens for patients with HER2-negative advanced G/GEJC. Additionally, we assessed treatment efficacy across different PD-L1 expression subgroups.This study was registered in the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD420251028737).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Conventional meta-analysis showed that compared with chemotherapy alone, immunotherapy - chemotherapy significantly improved OS (HR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.74-0.84), PFS (HR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.68-0.77), and ORR (RR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.45-1.80) in HER2-negative advanced G/GEJC patients. However, it also led to a higher incidence of grade ≥ 3 adverse events (AEs, RR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.13-1.23). Subgroup analysis revealed that in patients with PD - L1 expression ≥ 1%, ≥ 5%, and ≥ 10%, this combination therapy significantly improved OS and PFS, with greater benefits at higher combined positive scores (CPS). Network meta - analysis indicated that for PD-L1 unselected patients, cadonilimab combined with chemotherapy was superior in OS, PFS, and ORR. In PD - L1 ≥ 1% patients, pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy had the best OS; in PD-L1 ≥ 5% patients, cadonilimab plus chemotherapy was optimal for OS and nivolumab plus chemotherapy for PFS; in PD-L1 ≥ 10% patients, sugemalimab plus chemotherapy was most effective for both OS and PFS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, these findings support immunotherapy-combination chemotherapy as a superior first-line strategy for HER2-negative advanced G/GEJC. Different optimal regimens can be selected based on PD-L1 expression levels, providing evidence-based guidance for clinical decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":9131,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cancer","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147833401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A combined systemic immune-inflammation index and prognostic nutritional index score for predicting overall survival after resection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Ruihan Hou, Aorui Wang, Chengxu Du, Xinda Yang, Weihong Zhao, Haitao Lv, Dongrui Li","doi":"10.1186/s12885-026-16105-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-026-16105-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) have been individually associated with prognosis in various cancers. This study aimed to develop and validate a combined SII-PNI-based risk score for predicting overall survival (OS) in patients with resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study enrolled 375 consecutive patients with PDAC who underwent curative-intent resection at The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University between January 2014 and July 2025. Using X-tile software, optimal cut-off values for SII and PNI were determined based on 1-year OS in a training cohort (constituting 70% of the patients). A combined risk score was constructed using Cox regression coefficients and dichotomized at the optimal cut-off (- 0.231). The model's performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, Kaplan-Meier survival curves, and multivariate Cox regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The combined SII-PNI model achieved AUCs of 0.758 in the training cohort and 0.750 in the validation cohort. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed significantly worse OS in the high-risk group (p < 0.001). In univariate analysis, elevated SII (p = 0.044) and reduced PNI (p < 0.001) were both significantly associated with poorer OS. Multivariate Cox regression analysis confirmed PNI (HR = 0.891, 95% CI: 0.863-0.919, p < 0.001) and age (HR = 1.029, 95% CI: 1.013-1.046, p < 0.001) as independent prognostic factors, whereas SII and sex were not.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combined SII-PNI score is a simple, cost-effective, and powerful predictor of prognosis in resectable PDAC, enabling reliable postoperative risk stratification.</p>","PeriodicalId":9131,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cancer","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147833351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A retrospective analysis of Selective Internal Radiation Therapy (SIRT) and chemotherapy for metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma.","authors":"Sue S Thang, Vijayaragavan Muralidharan, Manfred Spanger, Patrick Page, Adrian Fox, Sean Mackay, Lisa Miller, Raffiela Garcia, Ashleigh R Poh, Caroline Le, Prasad Cooray","doi":"10.1186/s12885-026-16113-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-026-16113-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a major cause of cancer-related deaths in Australia, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 13%. The liver is the most common site of PDAC metastasis, and is observed in over 50% of cases. Standard chemotherapy, including regimens such as FOLFIRINOX or nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine, offer limited survival benefits, with median survival rates typically below one year. Selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) with Yttrium-90 (90Y) microspheres is used to target liver metastases, but the optimal chemotherapy companion for SIRT in metastatic PDAC remains unknown.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective audit of 32 patients with metastatic PDAC treated with SIRT and chemotherapy, and evaluated the clinical outcomes associated with platinum-based versus non-platinum-based regimens.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients who received platinum-based chemotherapy alongside SIRT had a median PFS of 10 months, compared to 2 months in those treated with non-platinum-based regimens. Stratified analysis revealed that patients receiving platinum-based chemotherapy in the first-line setting achieved a median post-SIRT survival of 16 months, compared to 4 months for those treated in later lines. For non-platinum-based regimens, median post-SIRT survival was 9 months in the first-line and 6 months in later lines. Median OS from Stage IV diagnosis was 17 months for patients with liver-only metastases and 15 months for those with additional extra-hepatic disease, suggesting that liver disease burden remains a dominant driver of outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings describe survival outcomes among patients treated with SIRT and chemotherapy for metastatic PDAC in a real-world setting. Longer observed survival was seen in patients who received platinum-based chemotherapy alongside SIRT, particularly in the first-line setting. Given the descriptive design and small sample size, these findings should be interpreted as hypothesis-generating and may inform future prospective evaluation of SIRT-chemotherapy combinations.</p>","PeriodicalId":9131,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cancer","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147833389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of advanced glycation end products and their receptors on the development and prognosis of colorectal cancer.","authors":"Li-Juan Wang, Xiao-Yu Liu, Can Tan, Zi-Wei Wang, Yong Cheng","doi":"10.1186/s12885-026-16070-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-026-16070-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to analyze whether advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their receptors had an impact on the development and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study examined the databases of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library databases and CNKI up to 7 February 2024 for cohort studies assessing the association between AGEs and their receptors, including receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) on the development and prognosis of CRC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The meta-analysis included eight studies with a total of 8,278 participants. It demonstrated that sRAGE expression was significantly lower in CRC patients compared to controls. In contrast, no significant differences were found in the expression levels of RAGE or AGEs between CRC patients and controls. Overall survival was not significantly associated with RAGE expression levels. Subgroup analysis indicated that the inverse association between sRAGE and CRC was significant in the general population but not observed among diabetic patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Low sRAGE expression was associated with an increased risk of CRC development, whereas RAGE and AGEs were not associated with the development and prognosis of CRC.</p>","PeriodicalId":9131,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cancer","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147833533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical activity, sedentary behavior and ovarian cancer risk in Asian populations: a scoping review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Jun Wang, Dongdong Wu, Xiang Guo","doi":"10.1186/s12885-026-16079-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-026-16079-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ovarian cancer (OC) exhibits significant ethnic and geographic disparities, with rising incidence in Asia contrasting global declines. While non-modifiable risk factors (e.g., genetics) are well-established, evidence for the role of modifiable factors like physical activity remains inconsistent, especially in Asian populations. This study systematically evaluates the association between physical activity, sedentary behavior, and OC risk in Asia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a meta-analysis of seven studies (156,910 participants, 1,585 OC cases) from Japan, Korea, and China. Physical activity and sedentary behavior were assessed via self-reports. Meta-analysis was performed to pool RR estimates together with their 95% CI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Regular physical activity was associated with a 24% lower OC risk (RR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.64-0.91; P = 0.002), despite high heterogeneity (I² = 75%). Sedentary behaviour was associated with a 55% higher OC risk (RR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.23-1.96; P = 0.0002).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In Asian populations, physical activity may protect against OC, while sedentary behavior may elevate risk. These findings underscore the need for dual public health strategies: promoting exercise and reducing sedentary time. Future research should standardize exposure assessments and include diverse Asian subpopulations to refine prevention guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":9131,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cancer","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147833438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated DNA and RNA profiling refines prognostic stratification independent of therapeutic actionability in cholangiocarcinoma.","authors":"Julie A Vendrell, Inès Dalmon, Simon Cabello-Aguilar, Jacques Colinge, Eric Assenat, Jérôme Solassol","doi":"10.1186/s12885-026-16064-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-026-16064-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) exhibits marked biological heterogeneity. While genomic profiling identifies targetable alterations such as FGFR2 fusions and IDH1 mutations, transcriptomic analyses reveal distinct immune, proliferative and mesenchymal profiles. How these genomic and transcriptomic features jointly influence clinical outcomes remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed integrated DNA and RNA profiling in 62 patients with intrahepatic and extrahepatic CCA treated at a single tertiary center. Targeted DNA sequencing assessed single-nucleotide variants, copy-number alterations, and microsatellite instability. Extended RNA sequencing evaluated gene fusions and pathway-level transcriptomic subtypes. Associations with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 58 DNA-profiled tumors, the most frequent alterations were TP53 (43.1%) and KRAS (29.3%), followed by IDH1 (10.3%, restricted to intrahepatic CCA). Actionable alterations (IDH1, FGFR2 fusions, ERBB2 amplification, microsatellite instability-high) were detected in 25% of cases and associated with longer overall survival (67.5 vs. 20.8 months; p = 0.0004), consistent with benefit from matched therapies rather than intrinsic tumor biology. RNA profiling identified five transcriptomic subtypes: Immune (21%), Proliferative (18%), Mesenchymal (42%), Immune-Proliferative (8%), and Unclassified (11%). KRAS-TP53 co-mutation was the strongest adverse prognostic factor (38.1 vs. 13.2 months; p = 0.0004). The Mesenchymal subtype was associated with shorter PFS (5.9 vs. 17.9 months; p = 0.045) in patients treated with chemotherapy ± immunotherapy but did not significantly affect OS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Integrated genomic and transcriptomic profiling refines prognostic stratification in cholangiocarcinoma independent of therapeutic actionability. KRAS-TP53 co-mutation and the Mesenchymal transcriptomic subtype represent independent high-risk markers detectable on routine FFPE tissue. These features complement actionable alterations and may inform patient selection and clinical trial design.</p>","PeriodicalId":9131,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cancer","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147833398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}