Journal of arthritis最新文献

{"title":"Non-typhoidal Salmonella Osteomyelitis of the Femoral Neck in an Immunocompetent Child","authors":"Yin-Hsiang Kung, Jiun-Lung Liang, K. Kuo","doi":"10.4172/2167-7921.1000241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7921.1000241","url":null,"abstract":"We report a case of Salmonella osteomyelitis of the femoral neck in a healthy child. Such an occurrence in an \u0000 immunocompetent child is extremely rare and has not yet been reported in the English literature. Salmonella should \u0000 be considered among the causative agents in acute osteomyelitis. Prompt antibiotic treatment is pivotal for \u0000 preventing complications and decreasing the disease burden.","PeriodicalId":91304,"journal":{"name":"Journal of arthritis","volume":" ","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2167-7921.1000241","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46479380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD)-Dependent Deacetylase Sirtuin-1 Regulates Chondrocyte Energy Metabolism through the Modulation of Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) in Osteoarthritis(OA)","authors":"Hajime Kobayashi, Koh Terauchi, N. Yui, K. Yatabe, T. Kamada, H. Fujiya, H. Niki, H. Musha, K. Yudoh","doi":"10.4172/2167-7921.1000238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7921.1000238","url":null,"abstract":"To clarify how the osteoarthritis (OA)-induced catabolic factor interleukin (IL)-1β affects chondrocyte energy metabolism, and especially to define the downstream pathway linking nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)- \u0000 dependent deacetylase Sirtuin-1 (Sirt-1) to energy metabolism in OA chondrocytes. Human chondrocytes were \u0000 isolated from articular cartilage samples of patients with OA. The level of energy metabolism of OA chondrocytes \u0000 was evaluated by monitoring the activity of the energy metabolic sensor, adenosine monophosphate-activated \u0000 protein kinase (AMPK) and the level of production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in chondrocytes in the presence \u0000 or absence of t IL-1β (10 ng/mL). Effects of IL-1β on anabolic and catabolic activities of chondrocytes were analyzed \u0000 by the levels of production of proteoglycan and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13, respectively. Experiments \u0000 involving pre-treatment with Sirt-1 inhibitor were also performed to investigate the underlying regulatory mechanism \u0000 linking Sirt-1 to chondrocyte energy metabolism. IL-1β significantly inhibited the activity of AMPK and production of \u0000 ATP in OA chondrocytes. The energy metabolism disruption mediated by IL-1β was further decreased by pretreatment \u0000 with Sirt-1 inhibitor in OA chondrocytes. Treatment with IL-1β significantly decreased the level of \u0000 proteoglycan production and significantly increased the level of MMP-13 secretion by chondrocytes. These \u0000 chondrocyte activities were also reduced by pre-treatment with the Sirt-1 inhibitor in OA chondrocytes. IL-1β inhibits \u0000 the AMPK - ATP energy metabolic pathway in OA chondrocytes. Our findings also suggest that Sirt-1 activity is \u0000 involved in anabolic and catabolic cellular activities and that Sirt-1 modulates ATP production through functional \u0000 regulation of the energy sensor AMPK in chondrocytes.","PeriodicalId":91304,"journal":{"name":"Journal of arthritis","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43971356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Deformation of Hip Articular Cartilage Under A High Load Before and After Labral Excision","authors":"Hiroshi Ito, Toshiki Nakamura, Tatsuya Sato, Yasuhiro Nishida, H. Tanino, M. Higa","doi":"10.4172/2167-7921.1000237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7921.1000237","url":null,"abstract":"Background: It has been reported that the function of the labrum is to ensure that an increased surface area encountered the femoral head and spares the cartilage from excessive strain. The purpose of this study was to determine whether early deformation of the hip articular cartilage occurs under high-load conditions in the presence/absence of the labrum. Methods: The hip joints of 4 beagle dogs were retrieved. A continuous static load of 80 Kg was applied for 2.5 hours. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed immediately after the loading and at 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 minutes after the loading. The load was then removed, and the specimens were stored for 14 h to allow the cartilage to recover. The labrum was then carefully removed, and the experiment was performed again. Results: The maximum percentage change in cartilage thickness was 35.3 ± 17.4% when the labrum was intact and 55.7 ± 7.5% after the labrum had been excised (p=0.060). Labral excision resulted in a reduction in cartilage thickness. Cartilage thickness was significantly decreased in the normal and labral excision models immediately after loading (p=0.003 and p=0.022, respectively). Conclusion: The labrum plays a role in dispersing loads equally across the joint cartilage and reduces the load placed on the maximum weight-bearing region of cartilage. Early articular cartilage deformation occurred under high-load conditions both before and after the excision of the labrum.","PeriodicalId":91304,"journal":{"name":"Journal of arthritis","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2167-7921.1000237","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45025086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence Based Targeting of Cytokines for Conventional and the Potential Phytotherapies in Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis","authors":"D. Mutua, K. Juma, Gitimu Mr, Ireri Mm","doi":"10.4172/2167-7921.1000236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7921.1000236","url":null,"abstract":"Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that leads to chronic, systemic inflammatory reaction that primarily affects synovial joints. Current cytokine based therapies are effective and safe. However, they have a challenge of having short plasma half-life and even higher doses are required to manage the conditions. The processes involved in production using phage and viral technologies are expensive. Herbal medicines have been used for long and are considered safe and effective as medicines for many inflammatory related diseases. Many plants also posit as a potent anti-inflammatory agents. Evidence for use of herbal plants in both human and animal trials in studies suggest significant potential of application in herbal formulation in management of rheumatoid arthritis. Specifically, many studies suggest the direct effect of managing the agents of inflammation as a way of managing rheumatoid arthritis. Most evidence links the involvement of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1, TNF-α, IFN-α, and NF-ÐoB) to the long term. It has also been suggested that the use of protective cytokines such as (Interleukin-4, Interleukin-6, Interleukin-8). Key pathways involve cyclooxygenase 1 and 2, 5-Lipooxygenase, formations of metalloproteinases, and inhibition of formation of prostaglandin E2. Use of herbal medicines has potential of improving joint conditions in rheumatoid arthritis. Use of herbal extracts offers better, cheap and affordable solution for long term management of rheumatoid arthritis in patients. They also show potential of offering multifunctional approaches to the management of the conditions through their anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Further studies are required to demonstrate the mechanisms involved in activation of protective cytokines in the management of rheumatoid arthritis.","PeriodicalId":91304,"journal":{"name":"Journal of arthritis","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2167-7921.1000236","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49023064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of MicroRNA in Osteoarthritis.","authors":"Mingcai Zhang,&nbsp;Kate Lygrisse,&nbsp;Jinxi Wang","doi":"10.4172/2167-7921.1000239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7921.1000239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although the potential effect of aberrant expression of catabolic and anabolic genes on the development of osteoarthritis (OA) is well-documented, the regulatory mechanism for the expression of these genes in articular chondrocytes remains to be elucidated. The recent advances in epigenetic studies have identified microRNA (miRNA) as one of the epigenetic mechanisms for the regulation of gene expression. This mini review highlights the role of miRNA in the regulation of gene expression in articular chondrocytes and its significance in the pathogenesis of OA, with a discussion on the potential of miRNA as a new biomarker and therapeutic target for OA. Further investigations are required to determine the specificity, sensitivity, and efficacy of miRNA for clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":91304,"journal":{"name":"Journal of arthritis","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2167-7921.1000239","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35228413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autologous Blood Transfusion Reduces Post-Operative Blood TransfusionFollowing Total Hip Replacement","authors":"A. N. Moideen, L. McMillan, G. Zafiropoulos","doi":"10.4172/2167-7921.1000235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7921.1000235","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Allogenic blood transfusions are expensive and associated with risks and complications such as transmission of infections and incompatibility reactions. Aim: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of autologous blood transfusion in reducing the need for allogenic blood requirement after total hip replacement and also the cost benefit involved. Method: A retrospective case notes analysis of 178 consecutive patients undergoing total hip replacements from 2006 to 2007 were carried out. 73 patients belonged to Bellovac® ABT (Astra Tech) drains for post-operative blood salvage group (ABT group) and 105 patients belonged to standard Bellovac® (Astra Tech) vacuum drains group (Non-ABT group). Pre and post-operative haemoglobin (Hb) were compared between ABT and Non-ABT group in relation to type of surgery and anaesthesia. Results: 20 out of the 73 (27.3%) patients in ABT group and 45 out of 105 (42.8%) in Non-ABT group required blood transfusion (p=0.035). Forty six units (0.63 units per person) in ABT group and 106 units (1 unit per person) in Non-ABT were transfused in total (p=0.03). The average pre and post-operative Hb in ABT group were 13.1 and 9.6 while in Non-ABT group were 13.4 and 9.4 respectively. Conclusion: Autologous blood transfusion caused a reduction in the number of patients requiring blood transfusion and also reduced the amount of units transfused.","PeriodicalId":91304,"journal":{"name":"Journal of arthritis","volume":"2017 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2167-7921.1000235","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44631754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Helicobacter Pylori Infection with Oxidative DNA Damage andAtherosclerosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients","authors":"D. Nada, Amal El-Barbary, Sally Abd El monem El Nawasany, R. Gaber, R. M. El-sharaby, Muhammad Tarek Abdel Ghafar, H. Zaytoun","doi":"10.4172/2167-7921.1000234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7921.1000234","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: to evaluate the associations between Helicobacter pylori (HP) with oxidative DNA damage and subclinical atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Methods: Eighty RA patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of anti-HP antibodies. In addition, to forty healthy volunteers. All patients were subjected to DAS-28, ESR , hsCRP ,RF, Anti-CCP, Lipid profiles, serum anti-HP antibodies, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, Oxidized LDL, IL-6,carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) and flow mediated dilatation of the brachial artery (FMD). Results: HP positive RA patients revealed significantly higher disease activity, RF, Anti-CCP, dyslipidemia, 8- OHdG, ox-LDL, cIMT and lower FMD% compared to HP negative patients. There was positive correlation between anti-HP antibodies with disease activity parameters, ox-LDL, 8-OHdG and cIMT as well as negative correlation with FMDâ„\u0085. In multiple regression analysis, IgG antibodies against H pylori were associated with DAS-28 (p=p<0.001), hsCRP (p=p<0.01), 8-OHdG (p<0.01), cIMT (p<0.001) and FMDâ„\u0085 (p<0.001). Conclusions: Chronic infection with HP in RA patients is significantly associated with oxidative stress and DNA damage. Detection and eradication of HP infection in RA patients may reduce the burden of atherosclerosis and its associated morbidity and mortality.","PeriodicalId":91304,"journal":{"name":"Journal of arthritis","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2167-7921.1000234","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43190693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vanishing Bone Disease Of Both Shoulders","authors":"Masao Sato","doi":"10.4172/2167-7921.1000i104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7921.1000i104","url":null,"abstract":"An 89-year-old man visited our hospital with a 10-year history of gradually progressing shoulder dysfunction bilaterally. He was unable to lift his shoulders but had no problems with other joints during activities of daily living. Laboratory findings were within normal limits. The C-reactive protein, rheumatoid factor, and anti-citrullinated protein antibody were negative. Radiographs showed progressive osteolysis of both humeral heads (Figure 1A and 1B).","PeriodicalId":91304,"journal":{"name":"Journal of arthritis","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2167-7921.1000i104","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48806404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Oral Collagen in Joint Pain - Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis","authors":"Woo T, Lau L, Cheung N, Chan P, Tan K, Gardner A","doi":"10.4172/2167-7921.1000233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7921.1000233","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Joint pain is one of the most common types of chronic pain. Osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are the two leading causes of joint pain and there are currently no prophylactic or curative treatments available. Oral collagen has been implicated in providing a potential means to treat arthritis. This review article aims to identify, evaluate and summarize the results of published animal and human clinical trials related to oral collagen in the treatment of joint pain caused by OA and RA. \u0000Methodology: Articles were searched using EMBASE and Medline databases. Search terms for keywords and titles included: “osteoarthritis”, “rheumatoid arthritis”, “joint pain”, “oral collagen”. Articles containing the following are included in our search: randomized controlled trials, clinical evidence and animal models containing primary quantitative data, in vitro studies of oral collagen related with joint pain, joint disease, OA or RA. \u0000Results: Numerous preclinical and clinical studies have been carried out to investigate the efficacy of oral collagen and both OA and RA. Oral collagen is administered either in an undenatured form or in a partially denatured form for patients with OA, and in general, has been found to be reasonably efficacious, although more trials will be required to confirm and consolidate these findings. In contrast, oral collagen has a more debatable response rate in patients with RA, especially when compared with methotrexate, an existing therapy. \u0000Conclusion: There is some evidence that suggests oral collagen is effective for OA and has shown to be tolerable and safe for the patient. The clinical efficacy of oral collagen in RA remains controversial, particularly when compared with conventional therapies such as methotrexate.","PeriodicalId":91304,"journal":{"name":"Journal of arthritis","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2167-7921.1000233","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45124406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case of Crowned Dens Syndrome with Huge Calcifications","authors":"Masao Sato","doi":"10.4172/2167-7921.1000I103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7921.1000I103","url":null,"abstract":"An 81-year-old woman presented to our hospital with a 1-month history of headache and neck pain. She had no neurological symptoms, articulation disorder, or swallowing disorder. The plain radiograph showed calcification deposits around the atlantoaxial joint and anterior vertebral body (Figure 1). The computed tomography scan of her neck showed details of these calcifications (Figures 2-4). Huge crownshaped deposits of hydroxyapatite or calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate were seen. The C-reactive protein level was slightly increased to 0.78 mg/dL. Oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) therapy resulted in complete improvement of her symptoms.","PeriodicalId":91304,"journal":{"name":"Journal of arthritis","volume":" ","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46985712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}