Human ethology bulletin最新文献

{"title":"Supplement to Volume 36: Proceedings of the ISHE online meeting, 2021","authors":"","doi":"10.22330/he/36/suppl","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22330/he/36/suppl","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91082,"journal":{"name":"Human ethology bulletin","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72950332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Threat of a Polluted Internet","authors":"J. Richer","doi":"10.22330/he/36/078-085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22330/he/36/078-085","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91082,"journal":{"name":"Human ethology bulletin","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82612812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating risk-taking in a cooperative context","authors":"Santiago Gracia-Garrido, M. Rosetti, R. Hudson","doi":"10.22330/he/36/078-095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22330/he/36/078-095","url":null,"abstract":"Risk-taking is a fundamental feature of human behavior. The evaluation of risk-taking has commonly focused on the assessment of individuals rather than on social scenarios which often entail cooperative interactions as well as consensual decision making. Our aim in the present study was to assess joint risk-taking in same and mixed gender dyads from an age range encompassing children and young adults. For this, we tested participants in an ecologically relevant, cooperative tower-building task in which they had to work together using their assigned wooden blocks to build the tallest tower they could within 10 minutes. Participants of all ages collaboratively engaged in a construction process that involved options, uncertainty, and a potential for undesirable outcomes. We found that adult male dyads built taller towers than female and mixed dyads. Given the low number of metrics showing gender differences and the small effect sizes, we consider further methodological implementations in order to increase the salience of the outcome and in consequence, provide a sharper assessment of risk-taking. We conclude that the current task shows potential as a novel experimental method to evaluate risk-taking in a realistic cooperative context.","PeriodicalId":91082,"journal":{"name":"Human ethology bulletin","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78715356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food insecurity, hoarding behavior, and environmental harshness do not predict weight changes during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"S. J. Eder, M. Stefańczyk, M. Pieniak, J. M. Molina, J. Binter, O. Pesout, Patrick Smela, F. Scharnowski, D. Steyrl","doi":"10.31234/osf.io/twhuc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/twhuc","url":null,"abstract":"Final publication (Open Access): http://ishe.org/volume-35-2020/food-insecurity-hoarding-behavior-and-environmental-harshness-do-not-predict-weight-changes-during-the-covid-19-pandemic/ (DOI: https://doi.org/10.22330/he/35/122-136)The COVID-19 pandemic not only presents a medical and psychological stressor but has also led to alterations in public life that many perceived as threatening, including lowered incomes and job insecurity. A symptom of collective worrying were so-called panic- or ‘hamster purchases’, where people stockpiled food in large amounts as governmental restrictions in response to the pandemic were introduced.This behavior indicated subjective ‘food insecurity’ in many individuals at a time when loss of income could also lead to potential real food insecurity for some. Since both perceived and actual food insecurity as well as stress is thought to facilitate weight gain as an adaptive response, this study aims at investigating body weight during these uncertain times. Specifically, we model the effects of both psychological and environmental factors such as food insecurity, hoarding behavior and loss of income on body on weight as lockdown measures are introduced and loosened in four European countries.While there are no systematic changes in body weight over the observed period, there is inter-individual variation in weight changes. However, contrary to our hypothesis, results show that neither food insecurity, hamster purchases, nor loss of income are predictors of weight change or BMI, and none of our machine learning models outperformed a trivial predictor.In conclusion, this study does not provide support for the notion that perceived food insecurity can predict weight gain or a higher BMI at a time of environmental uncertainties. This suggests that acute alterations in appetite reported upon triggering environmental harshness have no effect beyond that moment. Rather, life-history strategies acquired early on seem to remain stable during this crisis with respect to food consumption and weight.","PeriodicalId":91082,"journal":{"name":"Human ethology bulletin","volume":" 467","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72378532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A must-read for Human Ethologists","authors":"J. Richer","doi":"10.22330/he/35/027-031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22330/he/35/027-031","url":null,"abstract":"All Human Ethologists should read this book. It is not that it is just well written but that the quality, style and creativity of thought behind it is an object lesson in how this area of science ought to be conducted. Darwin's unfinished symphony (of course a nod towards Franz Schubert), refers to his strong intimations that culture evolved just as did physical and behavioural characteristrics of animals. Laland, a thoroughgoing Zoologist, points out how human culture is so hugely different from anything in even primates or other large brained mammals and how this has had consequences for the success of our species, in particular in the way cultural knowledge cumulatively rachets up, it autocatalyses, such that \"in the last 10-12 thousand years of cultural evolution, humanity has been to the moon, split the atom, built cities, complied encylopaedic knowledge, and composed symphonies.\"(page 235). By approaching the topic from a thoroughly zoological perspective and noting the uniqueness and strangeness of this complex, cumulative autocatalytic culture, he is able better to see the many factors, and what combination of factors, might be crucial to the evolution of human culture. So the central question he asks is how did this remarkable Richer, J.M. (2020). A must-read for Human Ethologists. Human Ethology, 35, 27-31. https://doi.org/10.22330/he/35/027-031","PeriodicalId":91082,"journal":{"name":"Human ethology bulletin","volume":"189 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72511288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The trouble with textbooks is the monetization of science","authors":"M. D. Rutherford","doi":"10.22330/he/35/049-052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22330/he/35/049-052","url":null,"abstract":"The New York Times recently published an exposé, revealing that two versions of the same US History textbook differ in different parts of the country. In a California classroom, the book explains that the Second Amendment, articulating “the right of the people to keep and bear Arms”, allows for some regulation of gun sales. The same textbook found in a Texas classroom has a blank space where that annotation would appear. Both versions describe the literature that African American authors produced during the Harlem Renaissance, but only students in Texas read that some critics “dismissed the quality of the literature.” The Texas textbook celebrates entrepreneurs and the industries they created, but only the California textbook adds a description of “The pollution they belched into the atmosphere” (Goldstein, 2020). Why does the academic record differ across geographic regions? In order to maximize sales. One version of the story is more palatable in California, while another version will sell in Texas. This phenomenon is not unique to the United States, nor to any specific academic area: A recent analysis of English as a Foreign Language textbooks written for Turks and Persians concluded that coverage of gender, poverty, slavery and racism varied dramatically depending on the intended audience. The authors characterized such topics as “too risky” (Ulum, Köksal, 2019). The textbook industry is a commercial enterprise. Textbook publishers are businesses, and the function of any business is to make money. The job of an acquisitions editor is to find new books that will do well in the market, and to coax new editions out of authors who have written books that sell. Textbook prices have been increasing steadily, following an early dramatic increase in the 1970s when textbook publishers Rutherford, M.D. (2020). The trouble with textbooks is the monetization of science. Human Ethology, 35, 49-52. https://doi.org/10.22330/he/35/049-052","PeriodicalId":91082,"journal":{"name":"Human ethology bulletin","volume":"153 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86040961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When in Danger, Turn Right: Does Covid-19 Threat Promote Social Conservatism and Right-Wing Presidential Candidates?","authors":"M. Karwowski, M. Kowal, Agata Groyecka, Michał J. Białek, I. Lebuda, A. Sorokowska, P. Sorokowski","doi":"10.31234/osf.io/pjfhs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/pjfhs","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing upon the Parasite Model of Democratization across two preregistered experiments conducted in the USA and Poland (total N = 1,237), we examined the psychological and political consequences of the recent COVID-19 pandemic. By manipulating saliency of COVID-19, we found that activating thinking about coronavirus may elevate Americans' and Poles' anxiety and indirectly promote their social conservatism all the way to support for more conservative presidential candidates. The pattern obtained was consistent in both countries, and it suggests that the pandemic may result in a shift in political views.","PeriodicalId":91082,"journal":{"name":"Human ethology bulletin","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76880756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Five Finger Discount: Shoplifting as a Reproductive Strategy for Increasing Mate Value","authors":"Catherine A. Bourgeois, G. Reid, M. Fisher","doi":"10.22330/he/34/083-092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22330/he/34/083-092","url":null,"abstract":"Shoplifting , the act of taking an item from a store without paying for it, is prevalent on social media platforms. Shoplifters post photographs featuring their stolen items, often including the retail value of each item, and tag the photograph as either a ‘lifting haul’ or ‘shoplifting haul’ so that it may be found by others. We argue that the items targeted for shoplifting relate to one’s desire to increase their mate value. In contemporary life, one has the ability to alter and manipulate their perceived mate value, via the aid of cosmetic, skin and hair care products, perfumes, and products that signal luxury and financial status. When viewed in this context, an evolutionary analysis of shoplifting via the specific items targeted for theft may shed light on intrasexual competition in terms of individuals competing to improve their relative mate value. Hence, we hypothesized that shoplifted items, as advertised via ‘haul’ photographs on social media, would be those relevant for increasing mate value (e.g., improve one’s appearance or markers of financial status). A researcher blind to the study hypothesis coded the stolen items within the photographs and the coded items were then categorized into themes for analysis. Our hypothesis was supported. We discuss the use of social media platforms for effectively conducting human ethological research. Keywords: Social media, Mate value, Shoplifting , Luxury products, Intrasexual competition. __________________________________________________________\u2029 Bourgeois, C.A.; et al. (2019). The Five Finger Discount: Shoplifting as a Reproductive Strategy for Increasing Mate Value. Human Ethology, 34, 83-92. https://doi.org/10.22330/he/34/083-092 submitted: 28.Oct. 2018; revised: 11.May 2019; accepted: 13.May 2019 Bourgeois, C.A. et al. (2019): Shoplifting as a Reproductive Strategy Human Ethology, 34, 83-92","PeriodicalId":91082,"journal":{"name":"Human ethology bulletin","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84939813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Manipulation Checking the Munchies: Validating Self-Reported Dietary Behaviors during Cannabis Intoxication","authors":"J. Kruger, Alexis Blavos, Thomas S Castor, Amy J. Wotring, Victoria R. Wagner-Greene, Tavis J Glassman, D. Kruger","doi":"10.22330/HE/34/010-016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22330/HE/34/010-016","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence and rate of cannabis use will likely increase as the relevant legal framework becomes more permissive across many municipalities. All policies and practices should be informed by scientific evidence and the public health framework for cannabis users may benefit from research and interventions promoting harm reduction. Naturalistic observations are particularly valuable for understanding patterns of human behavior and can complement and validate information collected through other methods, such as self-report surveys. Observational research may be especially valuable for addressing potentially controversial topics where behaviors are socially stigmatized and/or illegal. The current study examined the relationship between self-reported dietary behaviors and food incentive choices among individuals intoxicated with cannabis. Participants at a cannabis decriminalization advocacy event completed brief surveys on cannabis use and dietary habits. Survey administrators offered an incentive choice of a food items; fruit and chips/crisps. Researchers documented choices of food incentives and three trained coders categorized self-reported dietary habits. Participants (N = 275) reported eating unhealthy food (77%), eating healthy food (23%), and avoiding consuming food when intoxicated (7%). Participants also reported eating more food when intoxicated with cannabis and being more likely to eat unhealthy food when intoxicated compared to at other times. Food incentive choices predicted self-reported habits for both consuming healthy and unhealthy foods. Observational results validated self-reported dietary habits and confirmed common stereotypes. Keywords: Observational research, Munchies, Cannabis, Diet, Validation. \u2028 __________________________________________________________ Kruger, J.S. et al. (2019). Manipulation Checking the Munchies: Validating SelfReported Dietary Behaviors during Cannabis Intoxication. Human Ethology, 34, 10-15. https://doi.org/10.22330/he/34/010-016 submitted: 11.Oct. 2018; revised: 02.Feb. 2019; accepted: 17.Feb. 2019 Kruger, J.S. et al. (2019): The Munchies Human Ethology, 34, 10-16","PeriodicalId":91082,"journal":{"name":"Human ethology bulletin","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85801241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Welcome Ethologists to the southern end of the world","authors":"A. Fernández, J. Muñoz-Reyes, C. Rodríguez-Sickert","doi":"10.22330/he/34/118-122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22330/he/34/118-122","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91082,"journal":{"name":"Human ethology bulletin","volume":"35 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83831724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}