Metabolism and target organ damage最新文献

{"title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease","authors":"R. Gulati, Cynthia A. Moylan, Julius Wilder, Kara Wegermann","doi":"10.20517/mtod.2023.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/mtod.2023.45","url":null,"abstract":"Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has an increasing prevalence, morbidity, and mortality both within the U.S. and globally. Here, we review newer evidence demonstrating racial and ethnic disparities that exist in the incidence of MASLD in the U.S. Many studies demonstrate that Hispanic populations have the highest prevalence of MASLD within the U.S., followed by non-Hispanic White populations and then non-Hispanic Black populations. In addition, we present the latest research investigating specific factors that contribute to these disparities, including genetics, environmental exposures, diet, physical activity, and socioeconomic disparities. Finally, we discuss future directions and interventions needed to increase knowledge of racial and ethnic disparities in MASLD and reduce future disparities. The necessary strategies include increasing diversity and documentation of race and ethnicity in MASLD clinical studies, and increased screening and preventative health education for MASLD in vulnerable populations.","PeriodicalId":91001,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism and target organ damage","volume":"47 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140431372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Libya and its relation to other health disorders","authors":"Mustafa Younis Gaballah Younis","doi":"10.20517/mtod.2023.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/mtod.2023.36","url":null,"abstract":"Vitamin D (VD) has a potential role in calcium homeostasis in the human body. It is also considered a strong immunomodulator, affecting both arms of the immune system (Innate and adaptive immunity). VD can also lower the risk of diabetes, improve pregnancy outcomes, reduce the risk of acute respiratory infection (e.g., COVID-19), and decrease the risk of cancer. No doubt that VD deficiency (VDD) is a health condition that spreads out all over the globe. VDD is linked to many health problems ranging from fatigue and skeleton pain to serious conditions such as rickets, osteomalacia, diabetes, autoimmune disease, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. This review aims to provide a whole picture of the status of 25- hydroxycholecalciferol [25-(OH)D] as well as the frequency of 25-(OH)D deficiency (VDD) among Libyans in various regions of the country and to discuss the correlation between VDD and other health problems. The prevalence of VDD reached up to 80% among healthy individuals in the Middle East region. Libya is a big Mediterranean country and is sunny most of the year. In the western part of Libya, particularly in Tripoli (the capital city), the prevalence of severe VDD [25-(OH)D < 10 ng/mL] was as high as 50.8%, whereas only 27.5% had moderate VDD [25-(OH)D; 10-20 ng/mL]. In Benghazi (second largest city), the VDD prevalence was also high (76%). The highest prevalence of VDD was reported at 79% in the biggest southern city of Sebha. In the whole country, the VDD prevalence was high (among males and females), ranging from 45.4% to 87%, with a mean of 55.58%. The mean prevalence of VDD among males was 54.3% and for females was 53.29%. As clear from these data, VDD prevalence was high in the entire country. However, the available data were obtained from small cross-sectional studies and it becomes a necessity to conduct nationally representative studies and establish national nutrition surveys to accurately assess the prevalence of VDD. Moreover, the data included in this review invites the health authorities in Libya to take preventive measures to reduce the high prevalence of VDD, which will decrease VDD-associated health problems in the future.","PeriodicalId":91001,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism and target organ damage","volume":"48 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140431080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Standardizing outcomes in metabolic bariatric surgery - more than meets the eye, less than counts the scale","authors":"Athanasios G Pantelis","doi":"10.20517/mtod.2023.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/mtod.2023.55","url":null,"abstract":"The era of precision medicine necessitates standardization in reporting outcomes, in order to provide a common ground of communication among specialists and yield objective measurements at the same time. Although metabolic bariatric surgery spearheads innovation and standardization with regard to technique, this is not the case when measuring outcomes, particularly regarding weight recurrence. The multitude of definitions of weight regain and insufficient weight loss stems not only from a lack of consensus but also from the inherent deficiencies of weight- and BMI-based formulas to incorporate a global and comprehensive assessment for obesity. In this Perspective, we investigate current knowledge as well as potential amendments that will ameliorate our ability to assess weight recurrence and improve the services that we offer to people living with obesity.","PeriodicalId":91001,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism and target organ damage","volume":"23 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139957351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is liver fibrosis a risk factor for gynecological cancers?","authors":"A. Lonardo","doi":"10.20517/mtod.2023.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/mtod.2023.56","url":null,"abstract":"A recent study by Crudele et al. reported on the association between surrogate indices of liver fibrosis and risk of gynecological cancers among dysmetabolic women. To put this study in context, notions regarding sex dimorphism in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are discussed. Additionally, meta-analytic reviews regarding the risk of extrahepatic cancers are reviewed. Next, I discuss the relationship of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) with extrahepatic cancers, notably including the breast and cancers of the female reproductive systems in humans. The pathomechanisms potentially accounting for this association include genetics, deregulated sex hormones, chronic subclinical inflammatory state, dysmetabolic milieu, oxidative stress, gut dysbiosis, environmental pollution, and altered immune surveillance.","PeriodicalId":91001,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism and target organ damage","volume":"72 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140438257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marginal ulceration after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass - literature review and management algorithm","authors":"Dustin Baldwin, Ahmed M. Ali, Maria S. Altieri, Eric J. DeMaria","doi":"10.20517/mtod.2023.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/mtod.2023.33","url":null,"abstract":"Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB)-associated marginal ulceration (MU) poses significant challenges for both patients and clinicians. Persistent symptoms such as epigastric pain, nausea, and reduced oral intake complicate the clinical landscape. MU can lead to severe complications, including anastomotic strictures, bleeding, and perforations. The etiology of MU is intricate, likely stemming from a combination of technical and patient-related factors. Technical considerations involve ischemia, tension on the anastomosis causing tissue ischemia, anastomotic technique, gastric pouch size, foreign bodies, and gastrogastric fistulas. Patient factors encompass smoking, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), and uncontrolled medical comorbidities. Diagnosis primarily relies on upper endoscopy. Initial treatment typically involves proton pump inhibitors (PPI) and sucralfate. Should these measures prove insufficient, the addition of misoprostol and the implementation of endoscopic techniques, such as oversewing or stenting across the ulcer, may be considered to facilitate healing. Ultimately, if medical and endoscopic interventions fail, surgical options become imperative. These include transthoracic truncal vagotomy and revisional procedures such as resection of the ulcer with redo gastrojejunal anastomosis, resection of the ulcer and pouch with esophagojejunal anastomosis, or resection and reversal to normal anatomy. Surgical interventions demand expertise and should be conducted at qualified, high-volume centers. To support clinicians in comprehending the nuances of MU, we conducted a literature review, presenting a summary of our findings. Additionally, we propose an algorithm delineating the escalation of treatments for MU, ranging from medical to endoscopic to surgical therapies. This concise review aims to assist clinicians in both the prevention and treatment of marginal ulceration.","PeriodicalId":91001,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism and target organ damage","volume":"333 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140476731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancer drugs and diabetic retinopathy: a dangerous, underestimated association","authors":"A. Milluzzo, L. Manuella, Lucia Frittitta, Laura Sciacca","doi":"10.20517/mtod.2023.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/mtod.2023.43","url":null,"abstract":"The worldwide growing prevalence of diabetes and cancer led to an increase in subjects affected by both these diseases that share several of the involved risk factors and have a complex, multifactorial etiopathogenesis. Cancer therapies could have harmful effects on several organs, particularly in subjects also affected by diabetes and its related comorbidities. Moreover, cancer diagnosis often monopolizes the attention of both patients and caregivers, thus reducing the attention to pre-existent diseases. Retinopathy is one of the most frequent microvascular complications of diabetes, accounting for about 5% of legal blindness worldwide. The retinal neurovascular unit is dysfunctional in diabetes and could represent a frail site when cancer therapies are administered. Nevertheless, the short- and long-term effects of the different anticancer molecules on retinal tissue, especially in diabetic subjects, are poorly known, and no specific recommendations on their prevention and management are available. In this review, we summarised the current data on this topic, focusing on the different cancer class drugs involved in retinal damage: anti-oestrogen, classical cytolytic chemotherapy (alkylating agents, taxanes, topoisomerase inhibitors, and antimetabolites), mitogen-activated protein kinase, tyrosine-kinase, and vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors are the cancer drugs associated with retinal damage and visual disturbance. However, further studies are necessary to improve knowledge on the molecular and clinical relation between cancer therapies and retinopathy, in order to provide clinicians with evidence-based protocols to optimise the management of these conditions and minimise vision loss occurrence, impaired quality of life, and public health expense.","PeriodicalId":91001,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism and target organ damage","volume":"21 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139597410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the role of testosterone upon adiposity and cardiovascular risk markers in men with severe obesity","authors":"Eleni Armeni","doi":"10.20517/mtod.2023.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/mtod.2023.40","url":null,"abstract":"A prominent endocrine disorder linked to unhealthy lifestyle behaviors and increased visceral adiposity is Male Obesity Secondary Hypogonadism (MOSH). The pathogenesis of MOSH remains under investigation. However, recent evidence supports a direct role of leptin in affecting Leydig cells, reducing testosterone production, and increasing appetite. Conversely, testosterone deficiency is associated with comorbidities like hypertension, diabetes, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. A recently published study entitled “Relationship between sex hormones, markers of adiposity and inflammation in male patients with severe obesity undergoing bariatric surgery” describes evidence supportive of an inverse association between testosterone and serum leptin as well as levels of c-reactive protein (CRP) and IL-6, as well as a correlation between body mass index and CRP. The same study also provides novel insight retrieved from their in vitro findings, which reveal that testosterone exposure influences the expression of genes associated with adiposity, like fatty acid binding protein 4, peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), leptin, and adiponectin, as well as von Willebrand factor, in human-derived adipocytes. Overall, the latest evidence highlights the importance of early identification of hypogonadism in obese males and the potential benefits of testosterone supplementation in alleviating complications associated with obesity, particularly chronic inflammation. These observations underscore the need for a holistic approach to managing severe obesity, addressing hormonal and inflammatory factors to reduce its overall burden on health.","PeriodicalId":91001,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism and target organ damage","volume":"55 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139447037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between hyperuricemia and hypertension: a short review of current evidence","authors":"Zhiwei Wang, Guiping Yao, Bing Yan, Chenghao Zhanghuang","doi":"10.20517/mtod.2023.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/mtod.2023.41","url":null,"abstract":"The investigation of the relationship between hyperuricemia and hypertension is a captivating field in hypertension research. The final product of purine metabolism is uric acid (UA), and the elevation of serum UA (SUA) levels directly contributes to the development of hypertension. Numerous studies have substantiated that hyperuricemia is a significant risk factor for hypertension. Furthermore, initial clinical trials have demonstrated that therapeutic interventions aimed at reducing SUA levels lower blood pressure (BP) in individuals with hypertension attributed to hyperuricemia. Recent research has demonstrated that hyperuricemia can facilitate the onset of hypertension via multiple mechanisms, including oxidative stress, inflammation, diminished nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, activation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), insulin resistance, vascular smooth muscle proliferation, and renal impairment. Given the interconnectedness between hyperuricemia and hypertension, it is advantageous to identify potential therapeutic approaches for timely intervention in order to impede the advancement of hypertension in individuals with hyperuricemia. This article reviews the research progress on the pathogenesis of hyperuricemia-induced hypertension.","PeriodicalId":91001,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism and target organ damage","volume":"19 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139389433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical frontiers of metabolic bone disorders: a comprehensive review","authors":"Mohd Danish Ansari, Haya Majid, Anas Khan, Yasmin Sultana","doi":"10.20517/mtod.2023.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/mtod.2023.38","url":null,"abstract":"Metabolic bone disease (MBD)encompasses various conditions that adversely impact bone health, such as osteoporosis, primary hyperparathyroidism, osteomalacia, and fluorosis disease. Effectively managing these disorders requires early detection and a focus on maintaining healthy nutritional habits. Dietary adjustments serve as a cornerstone, but supplementation of essential minerals like calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D is often necessary to support bone reabsorption and regeneration, and reduce fracture risk. Despite the effectiveness of these measures in many cases, hereditary bone diseases pose distinctive challenges due to genetic factors. Emerging technologies that provide higher-resolution insights into bone architecture and quality are now complementing traditional diagnostic tools like dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Moreover, the therapeutic landscape has transformed with the introduction of newer agents that not only halt bone loss but also stimulate bone formation. These agents promise better outcomes with reduced side effects, catering to a wider patient population. However, the management of MBDs remains multifaceted, necessitating individualized approaches based on the patient’s clinical profile. As the global prevalence of MBDs, especially osteoporosis, continues to soar, it becomes imperative for clinicians to stay abreast with the evolving paradigms. This review serves as a bridge between historical knowledge and recent discoveries, offering a holistic perspective on the challenges and opportunities in the domain of MBDs.","PeriodicalId":91001,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism and target organ damage","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139143493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic bone disease: from basic science to clinical frontier","authors":"Ling-Feng Zeng","doi":"10.20517/mtod.2023.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/mtod.2023.39","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91001,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism and target organ damage","volume":"57 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139208410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}