ISRN biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Potassium Ions on Protoplast Generation during Yeast Induction from Mucor circinelloides Tieghem.","authors":"C O Omoifo","doi":"10.5402/2013/734612","DOIUrl":"10.5402/2013/734612","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mucor circinelloides aerobically exhibits coenocytic thallic growth habit with straight and circinate sporangiophores which culminate in globose or pyriform columellae enclosed within sporangial walls. It undergoes dimorphic switch with its conversion to multipolar budding yeast-like cells or thallic conidia. This paper confirms the induction of plurality of reproductive structures of the pleomorphic microorganism in minimal medium. Furthermore, construction of pH differentials at inflection points in the biphasic profiles during sporangiospore-yeast transformation indicated the intensity of H(+) release from intracellular medium of the growing microorganism in a study conducted with K(+) levels (0.0, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, 1.0,1.10 g/L)-mediated broths. Optimum proton release was at 0.00 and 1.0 g/L K(+)-supplemented broths, but specific growth rate was least in the latter. It also coincided with a preponderance of neoplastic units, protoplasts, and terminal budding yeast cells. On either side of this K(+) level, variation in morphologies, including neoplasts, protoplasts, septate hyphae, thallic, holothallic, and holoblastic conidia, was greater, although olive-green septate hyphae with vesicular conidiogenous apparatus occurred at all K(+) levels tested. This study suggested that following the establishment of transmembrane pH gradient across protoplast membrane, operation of Mitchellian proton pump was further promoted, thus leading to active transport mechanism, a prelude to yeast morphology induction. </p>","PeriodicalId":90878,"journal":{"name":"ISRN biotechnology","volume":"2013 ","pages":"734612"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4403624/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33300171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macromolecular Crowding Enhances Catalytic Efficiency and Stability of α-Amylase.","authors":"Jay Kant Yadav","doi":"10.5402/2013/737805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2013/737805","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the present study an attempt was made to investigate the macromolecular crowding effect on functional attributes of α-amylase. High concentrations of sugar based cosolvents, (e.g., trehalose, sucrose, sorbitol, and glycerol) were used to mimic the macromolecular crowding environment (of cellular milieu) under in vitro conditions. To assess the effect of macromolecular crowding, the activity and structural properties of the enzyme were evaluated in the presence of different concentrations of the above cosolvents. Based on the results it is suggested that the macromolecular crowding significantly improves the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme with marginal change in the structure. Out of four cosolvents examined, trehalose was found to be the most effective in consistently enhancing thermal stability of the enzyme. Moreover, the relative effectiveness of the above cosolvents was found to be dependent on their concentration used. </p>","PeriodicalId":90878,"journal":{"name":"ISRN biotechnology","volume":"2013 ","pages":"737805"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4403623/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33300172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enzyme-enhanced extraction of phenolic compounds and proteins from flaxseed meal.","authors":"Bernardo Dias Ribeiro,&nbsp;Daniel Weingart Barreto,&nbsp;Maria Alice Zarur Coelho","doi":"10.5402/2013/521067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2013/521067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) meal, the main byproduct of the flaxseed oil extraction process, is composed mainly of proteins, mucilage, and phenolic compounds. The extraction methods of phenolics either commonly employed the use of mixed solvents (dioxane/ethanol, water/acetone, water/methanol, and water/ethanol) or are done with the aid of alkaline, acid, or enzymatic hydrolysis. This work aimed at the study of optimal conditions for a clean process, using renewable solvents and enzymes, for the extraction of phenolics and proteins from flaxseed meal. After a screening of the most promising commercial preparations based on different carbohydrases and proteases, a central composite rotatable design and a mixture design were applied, achieving as optimal results a solution containing 6.6 and 152 g kg(-1) meal of phenolics and proteins, respectively. The statistical approach used in the present study for the enzyme-enhanced extraction of phenolics and proteins from the major flaxseed byproduct was effective. By means of the sequential experimental design methodology, the extraction of such compounds was increased 10-fold and 14-fold, when compared to a conventional nonenzymatic extraction. </p>","PeriodicalId":90878,"journal":{"name":"ISRN biotechnology","volume":"2013 ","pages":"521067"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4403571/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33300166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Use of Response Surface Methodology as a Statistical Tool for Media Optimization in Lipase Production from the Dairy Effluent Isolate Fusarium solani.","authors":"P Kanmani, S Karthik, J Aravind, K Kumaresan","doi":"10.5402/2013/528708","DOIUrl":"10.5402/2013/528708","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The optimization of extracellular lipase production by Fusarium isolani strain SKWF7 isolated from dairy wastewater was carried out in this study. Initially, the physicochemical factors significantly influencing enzyme production were studied by varying one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT). A mesophilic temperature of 40°C, alkaline pH of 8, and incubation period of 72 hours were found to be the optimal conditions for lipase production. Among the media components, the disaccharide sucrose acted as the best carbon source; palm oil as the best inducing lipid substrate; casein and (NH4)2SO4 as the best organic and inorganic nitrogen sources; Ca(2+) ion as the best trace element. In the next phase of work, statistical optimization of medium components was performed by employing the Box-Behnken design of Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The optimum concentrations of three significant factors, namely, palm oil, (NH4)2SO4, and CaCO3 were determined by this method to be 5% (v/v), 5.5 g/L, and 0.1 g/L, respectively. RSM-guided design of experiments resulted in a maximum lipase production of 73.3 U/ml, which is a 1.7-fold increase in comparison with that obtained in the unoptimized medium. These results point towards the success of the model in developing a process for the production of lipase, an enzyme of enormous industrial significance. </p>","PeriodicalId":90878,"journal":{"name":"ISRN biotechnology","volume":"2013 ","pages":"528708"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4403615/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33300167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Convenient RP-HPLC Method for Assay Bioactivities of Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptides.","authors":"Wei Wang,&nbsp;Nan Wang,&nbsp;Yu Zhang,&nbsp;Zheng Cai,&nbsp;Qihe Chen,&nbsp;Guoqing He","doi":"10.5402/2013/453910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2013/453910","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A convenient and accurate reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides assay was described in this paper. The mobile phase consisted of 70% A (0.05% TFA and 0.05% triethylamine in water, pH = 2.9-3.3) and 30% B (100% acetonitrile) using an Isogradient program. The flow rate was 0.5 mL/min. The absorb wavelength was 226.5 nm; the column temperature was controlled at 25°C. This method for angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides assay was convenient for the Iso-gradient program. The accuracy of the RT-HPLC method was verified by analyzing ACE inhibitory activity of the hydrolysate peptides of silkworm pupae protein, and the results showed that the RT-HPLC method was available for exploring new source of angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides rapidly and veraciously. </p>","PeriodicalId":90878,"journal":{"name":"ISRN biotechnology","volume":"2013 ","pages":"453910"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5402/2013/453910","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33300258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Better rooting procedure to enhance survival rate of field grown malaysian eksotika papaya transformed with 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic Acid oxidase gene.","authors":"Rogayah Sekeli,&nbsp;Janna Ong Abdullah,&nbsp;Parameswari Namasivayam,&nbsp;Pauziah Muda,&nbsp;Umi Kalsom Abu Bakar","doi":"10.5402/2013/958945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2013/958945","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A high survival rate for transformed papaya plants when transferred to the field is useful in the quest for improving the commercial quality traits. We report in this paper an improved rooting method for the production of transformed Malaysian Eksotika papaya with high survival rate when transferred to the field. Shoots were regenerated from embryogenic calli transformed with antisense and RNAi constructs of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (ACO) genes using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation method. Regenerated transformed shoots, each measuring approximately 3-4 cm in height, were cultured in liquid half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium or sterile distilled water, and with either perlite or vermiculite supplementation. All the culturing processes were conducted either under sterile or nonsterile condition. The results showed that rooting under sterile condition was better. Shoots cultured in half-strength MS medium supplemented with vermiculite exhibited a 92.5% rooting efficiency while perlite showed 77.5%. The survival rate of the vermiculite-grown transformed papaya plantlets after transfer into soil, contained in polybags, was 94%, and the rate after transfer into the ground was 92%. Morpho-histological analyses revealed that the tap roots were more compact, which might have contributed to the high survival rates of the plantlets. </p>","PeriodicalId":90878,"journal":{"name":"ISRN biotechnology","volume":"2013 ","pages":"958945"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4403608/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33300089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous Extraction Optimization and Analysis of Flavonoids from the Flowers of Tabernaemontana heyneana by High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Diode Array Detector and Electron Spray Ionization/Mass Spectrometry.","authors":"Thiyagarajan Sathishkumar,&nbsp;Ramakrishnan Baskar,&nbsp;Mohan Aravind,&nbsp;Suryanarayanan Tilak,&nbsp;Sri Deepthi,&nbsp;Vellalore Maruthachalam Bharathikumar","doi":"10.5402/2013/450948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2013/450948","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Flavonoids are exploited as antioxidants, antimicrobial, antithrombogenic, antiviral, and antihypercholesterolemic agents. Normally, conventional extraction techniques like soxhlet or shake flask methods provide low yield of flavonoids with structural loss, and thereby, these techniques may be considered as inefficient. In this regard, an attempt was made to optimize the flavonoid extraction using orthogonal design of experiment and subsequent structural elucidation by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-electron spray ionization/mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS) techniques. The shake flask method of flavonoid extraction was observed to provide a yield of 1.2 ± 0.13 (mg/g tissue). With the two different solvents, namely, ethanol and ethyl acetate, tried for the extraction optimization of flavonoid, ethanol (80.1 mg/g tissue) has been proved better than ethyl acetate (20.5 mg/g tissue). The optimal conditions of the extraction of flavonoid were found to be 85°C, 3 hours with a material ratio of 1 : 20, 75% ethanol, and 1 cycle of extraction. About seven different phenolics like robinin, quercetin, rutin, sinapoyl-hexoside, dicaffeic acid, and two unknown compounds were identified for the first time in the flowers of T. heyneana. The study has also concluded that L16 orthogonal design of experiment is an effective method for the extraction of flavonoid than the shake flask method. </p>","PeriodicalId":90878,"journal":{"name":"ISRN biotechnology","volume":"2013 ","pages":"450948"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4417552/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33300257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Lipase Production by Enterococcus faecium MTCC 5695 and Pediococcus acidilactici MTCC 11361 Using Fish Waste as Substrate: Optimization of Culture Conditions by Response Surface Methodology.","authors":"Vrinda Ramakrishnan,&nbsp;Louella Concepta Goveas,&nbsp;Bhaskar Narayan,&nbsp;Prakash M Halami","doi":"10.5402/2013/980562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2013/980562","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A medium using fish waste as substrate was designed for production of lipase by Enterococcus faecium MTCC 5695 and Pediococcus acidilactici MTCC 11361. Medium components and culture conditions (fish waste protein hydrolysate (FWPH) concentration, fish waste oil (FWO) concentration, pH, temperature, and fermentation time) which affect lipase production were screened using factorial (5 factors ∗ 2 levels) design of which FWPH concentration, FWO concentration, and fermentation time showed significance (P < 0.05). The levels of these factors were optimized further by Box-Behnken design using response surface methodology (RSM). Optimized conditions were found to be 5% v/v FWO, 0.15 mg/mL FWPH and 24 h of fermentation time for MTCC 5695, and 4% v/v FWO, 0.15 mg/mL FWPH and 24 h of fermentation for MTCC 11361, which were further validated. Under optimized conditions, MTCC 5695 and MTCC 11361 showed 3.15- (543.63 to 1715 U/mL) and 2.3- (214.74 to 493 U/mL) fold increase in lipase production, respectively, as compared to unoptimized conditions. </p>","PeriodicalId":90878,"journal":{"name":"ISRN biotechnology","volume":"2013 ","pages":"980562"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5402/2013/980562","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33300091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elimination of bisphenol a and triclosan using the enzymatic system of autochthonous colombian forest fungi.","authors":"Carolina Arboleda,&nbsp;H Cabana,&nbsp;E De Pril,&nbsp;J Peter Jones,&nbsp;G A Jiménez,&nbsp;A I Mejía,&nbsp;S N Agathos,&nbsp;M J Penninckx","doi":"10.5402/2013/968241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2013/968241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bisphenol A (BPA) and triclosan (TCS) are known or suspected potential endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) which may pose a risk to human health and have an environmental impact. Enzyme preparations containing mainly laccases, obtained from Ganoderma stipitatum and Lentinus swartzii, two autochthonous Colombian forest white rot fungi (WRF), previously identified as high enzyme producers, were used to remove BPA and TCS from aqueous solutions. A Box-Behnken factorial design showed that pH, temperature, and duration of treatment were significant model terms for the elimination of BPA and TCS. Our results demonstrated that these EDCs were extensively removed from 5 mg L(-1) solutions after a contact time of 6 hours. Ninety-four percent of TCS and 97.8% of BPA were removed with the enzyme solution from G. stipitatum; 83.2% of TCS and 88.2% of BPA were removed with the L. swartzii enzyme solution. After a 6-hour treatment with enzymes from G. stipitatum and L. swartzii, up to 90% of the estrogenic activity of BPA was lost, as shown by the yeast estrogen screen assay. 2,2-Azino-bis-(3-ethylthiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) was used as a mediator (laccase/mediator system) and significantly improved the laccase catalyzed elimination of BPA and TCS. The elimination of BPA in the absence of a mediator resulted in production of oligomers of molecular weights of 454, 680, and 906 amu as determined by mass spectra analysis. The elimination of TCS in the same conditions produced dimers, trimers, and tetramers of molecular weights of 574, 859, and 1146 amu. Ecotoxicological studies using Daphnia pulex to determine lethal concentration (LC50) showed an important reduction of the toxicity of BPA and TCS solutions after enzymatic treatments. Use of laccases emerges thus as a key alternative in the development of innovative wastewater treatment technologies. Moreover, the exploitation of local biodiversity appears as a potentially promising approach for identifying new efficient strains for biotechnological applications. </p>","PeriodicalId":90878,"journal":{"name":"ISRN biotechnology","volume":"2013 ","pages":"968241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5402/2013/968241","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33300090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of Biosurfactant Producing Bacillus spp. in Diverse Habitats.","authors":"Sanket J Joshi,&nbsp;Harish Suthar,&nbsp;Amit Kumar Yadav,&nbsp;Krushi Hingurao,&nbsp;Anuradha Nerurkar","doi":"10.5402/2013/652340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2013/652340","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diversity among biosurfactant producing Bacillus spp. from diverse habitats was studied among 77 isolates. Cluster analysis based on phenotypic characteristics using unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMAs) method was performed. Bacillus isolates possessing high surface tension activity and five reference strains were subjected to amplified 16S rDNA restriction analysis (ARDRA). A correlation between the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Bacillus spp. is explored. Most of the oil reservoir isolates showing high surface activity clustered with B. licheniformis and B. subtilis, the hot water spring isolates clustered in two ingroups, while the petroleum contaminated soil isolates were randomly distributed in all the three ingroups. Present work revealed that diversity exists in distribution of Bacillus spp. from thermal and hydrocarbon containing habitats where majority of organisms belonged to B. licheniformis and B. subtilis group. Isolate B. licheniformis TT42 produced biosurfactant which reduced the surface tension of water from 72 mNm(-1) to 28 mNm(-1), and 0.05 mNm(-1) interfacial tension against crude oil at 80°C. This isolate clustered with B. subtilis and B. licheniformis group on the basis of ARDRA. These findings increase the possibility of exploiting the Bacillus spp. from different habitats and their possible use in oil recovery. </p>","PeriodicalId":90878,"journal":{"name":"ISRN biotechnology","volume":"2013 ","pages":"652340"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4403617/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33300170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}