Healthy aging research最新文献

{"title":"Fatal, unintentional drowning in older people: an assessment of the role of preexisting medical conditions","authors":"Alison J Mahony, A. Peden, R. Franklin, J. Pearn, J. Scarr","doi":"10.1097/HXR.0000000000000007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/HXR.0000000000000007","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The number of older people (aged 65 y and over) is increasing in Australia and chronic medical conditions are common. Aquatic activities provide physical and social benefits; however, understanding the risks related to aquatic activity is important for ongoing health and wellbeing. We explore the impact of preexisting medical conditions on unintentional fatal drowning among older people in Australia. Methods: Using coronial, forensic, and medical histories from the Australian National Coronial Information System, all cases of unintentional death by drowning (or where drowning was a factor) among older people in Australia between July 1, 2002 and June 30, 2012 were investigated. Preexisting medical conditions were reviewed to determine whether they were contributory to drowning. Results: Of the 506 older people who drowned, 69.0% had a preexisting medical condition. The leading contributory medical condition was cardiovascular disease, followed by dementia, depression, epilepsy, and Parkinson disease. All conditions except cardiovascular disease and depression were overrepresented compared with the proportion of the disease in the population. Falling into water was the most common activity immediately before drowning, especially among those with dementia, whereas those with cardiovascular disease were most likely to drown while swimming. Conclusions: Preexisting medical conditions contribute to drowning in older people but with unequal contributions. With the prevalence of medical conditions expected to increase as the population ages, targeted education for older people will be important. Risk management will enable older people to safely participate in aquatic activities.","PeriodicalId":90841,"journal":{"name":"Healthy aging research","volume":"6 1","pages":"e7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/HXR.0000000000000007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48519609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of aging and recall of common and uncommon first names using the face-name association technique compared with the pure-lists technique over repeated trials","authors":"Nicholas M. Almond, Catriona Morrison","doi":"10.1097/HXR.0000000000000004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/HXR.0000000000000004","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The face-name association technique (FNAT) is commonly used to investigate name recall in nonpathologic aging. This technique is appropriate for studying anomia, but the pure-list technique, in which participants see only names and do not need to form face-name associations, might be more appropriate for studying age-related name recall. Methods: Experiment 1 recruited 60 adults (30 younger and 30 older adults) to participate in the FNAT recognition task of 30 common and 30 uncommon names. In experiment 2, the same number and demographic of participants attempted to recall 30 common and 30 uncommon names. Both experiments utilized measurements of overall recall across 5 trials and a delayed recognition or recall trial. Measures of encoding (gained access) and consolidation (lost access) were also taken for the 5 initial trials in both experiments. Older participants received 50% extra study and recognition/recall time. Results: The FNAT experiment revealed an age-related episodic memory deficit for names. However, in cued recall, encoding, consolidation, retention/retrieval, and false alarm tests, older adults were significantly better than younger adults at recalling uncommon names, as opposed to common names. This lends support to the inhibition theory of name recall. Conversely, our second experiment revealed no age effect on any factors of name memory functioning, supporting node structure theory. Conclusions: The results of our experiments support previous findings that suggest an age-related deficit in name recall, but only in cases of anomia. Therefore, the FNAT methodology may be inappropriate for studying age-related name recall. It is possible that names are stored in the memory differently from nouns. We challenge the belief that older adults are significantly less able to recall names compared with other word types, which has implications for both memory self-efficacy questionnaires and research into eye-witness testimonies.","PeriodicalId":90841,"journal":{"name":"Healthy aging research","volume":"6 1","pages":"e4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/HXR.0000000000000004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42175107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcranial stimulation over the left inferior frontal gyrus increases false alarms in an associative memory task in older adults","authors":"Ryan C. Leach, M. P. McCurdy, M. Trumbo, Laura E. Matzen, E. Leshikar","doi":"10.1097/01.HXR.0000511878.91386.f8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.HXR.0000511878.91386.f8","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a potential tool for alleviating various forms of cognitive decline, including memory loss, in older adults. However, past effects of tDCS on cognitive ability have been mixed. One important potential moderator of tDCS effects is the baseline level of cognitive performance. Methods: We tested the effects of tDCS on face‐name associative memory in older adults, who suffer from performance deficits in this task relative to younger adults. Stimulation was applied to the left inferior prefrontal cortex during encoding of face‐name pairs, and memory was assessed with both a recognition and recall task. Results: Face‐name memory performance was decreased with the use of tDCS. This result was driven by increased false alarms when recognizing rearranged face‐name pairs. Conclusions: This result suggests that tDCS can lead to increased false alarm rates in recognition memory, and that effects of tDCS on a specific cognitive task may depend upon cognitive capability for that task.","PeriodicalId":90841,"journal":{"name":"Healthy aging research","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61603938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salt in the desert: A comparison of clinical versus serum‐calculated osmolality determination of dehydration","authors":"J. McCrow, M. Morton, C. Travers, Keren Harvey, E. Eeles","doi":"10.1097/01.HXR.0000511868.72087.78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.HXR.0000511868.72087.78","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Clinicians frequently use their own judgement to assess patient's hydration status although there is limited evidence for the diagnostic utility of any individual clinical symptom. Hence, the aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of clinically assessed dehydration in older hospital patients (using multiple symptoms), versus dehydration measured using serum‐calculated osmolality (CO) as the reference standard. Method: Participants were 44 hospital patients aged ≥ 60 years. Dehydration was assessed clinically and pathologically (CO) within 24 hours of admission and at study exit. Indicators of diagnostic accuracy were calculated. Results: Clinicians identified 27% of patients as dehydrated at admission, and 19% at exit, compared to 19% and 16% using CO. Agreement between the measures was fair at admission and poor at exit. Clinical assessment showed poor sensitivity for predicting dehydration with reasonable specificity. Conclusions: Compared to the use of CO, clinical assessment of dehydration in older patients was poor. Given that failure to identify dehydration in this population may have serious consequences, we recommend that clinicians do not rely upon their own assessments without also using the reference standard.","PeriodicalId":90841,"journal":{"name":"Healthy aging research","volume":"5 1","pages":"1–5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61603872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mobility in the built environment: Age‐related changes in gait characteristics when walking on complex terrain","authors":"Ian Paul McCarthy, Tatsuto Suzuki, N. Tyler, C. Holloway","doi":"10.1097/01.HXR.0000508387.10630.8d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.HXR.0000508387.10630.8d","url":null,"abstract":"Background: An understanding of how common features in the built environment influence how people walk is needed to maintain mobility for older people. Methods: The study included 71 healthy subjects with an age range of 18 to 92 years. Using inertial measurement units, participants’ gaits were assessed while walking across a complex terrain created in a controlled laboratory environment. Results: Participants found stair climbing and stepping on obstacles to be the most challenging activities, as judged by step time. These activities also showed the most significant age‐related changes, with significant effects in both step time and shank angle at touch down being observed from around the age of 60 years. Conclusions: The changes observed in this study are consistent with decreasing muscle power causing limited ability to negotiate stairs.","PeriodicalId":90841,"journal":{"name":"Healthy aging research","volume":"5 1","pages":"1–9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/01.HXR.0000508387.10630.8d","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61603769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does the death of a spouse increase subjective well‐being: An assessment in a population of adults with neurological illness","authors":"J. Wade, R. P. Hart, James H. Wade, J. Bekenstein, C. Ham, J. Bajaj","doi":"10.1097/01.HXR.0000511870.49216.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.HXR.0000511870.49216.83","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Studies suggest that people can experience personal growth following major life challenges. We explored the hypothesis that widowed individuals would benefit from adversarial or post‐traumatic growth and experience greater levels of happiness than other marital groups. Methods: Fifty‐four patients suffering from neurological illness were analyzed to clarify whether marital status was a determinant factor in subjective well‐being (SWB). Results: After controlling for estimated decline from premorbid intellectual ability, level of physical activity, age, and ethnicity, a strong association was noted between marital status and happiness. Widowed subjects experienced greater happiness than married patients. SWB in response to neurological illness was the same for widows and widowers. Only those individuals whose spouse had died experienced greater levels of happiness in the face of a lifestyle‐threatening condition. Conclusions: Loss of a spouse can cause the widowed partner to develop adaptive strategies to cope with future lifestyle stressors.","PeriodicalId":90841,"journal":{"name":"Healthy aging research","volume":"5 1","pages":"1–9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/01.HXR.0000511870.49216.83","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61603894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Staff experiences of the management of older adults with urinary incontinence","authors":"Lise-Lotte Jonasson, K. Josefsson","doi":"10.1097/01.HXR.0000511875.79710.e9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.HXR.0000511875.79710.e9","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Urinary incontinence is a complex public health problem for older adults both in Sweden and internationally. It is estimated that 50–80% of older adults in residential care facilities have problems with urinary incontinence. Several studies illuminate an attitude among residential care staff that incontinence is as a natural consequence of aging, which means that assessment and treatment are overlooked. There is also a lack of knowledge and compliance as to whether or not care staff follows guidelines appropriately. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to describe staff experiences of the management of older adults with urinary incontinence in residential care facility. Methods: This explorative study took an inductive approach using 17 individual interviews with residential care staff. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Staff members’ experiences fell into three categories: staff members’ management, the impact of the residential organization, and the creation of well‐being factors for older adults with urinary incontinence. Members of staff had different views about what an investigation is and what measures are needed to manage patients effectively. To achieve a good individual patient care there is need of a greater knowledge about good nursing, communication and dialogue between the various working groups. Conclusions: Staffs’ management, the organization's impact, and creating wellbeing factors are central to older adults’ influence and to experience quality of life. Implementing evidence‐based practice requires a long‐term process‐focused approach to improve the structure of daily work and to encourage staffs’ learning and competence development.","PeriodicalId":90841,"journal":{"name":"Healthy aging research","volume":"5 1","pages":"1–11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61603929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redesigning care for frail older people: The impact of an elderly care pathway on admission avoidance, length of stay and readmission rates","authors":"Z. Nathaniel, Kawa Amin","doi":"10.1097/01.HXR.0000508386.03007.ba","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.HXR.0000508386.03007.ba","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Increasing age predisposes elderly persons to long‐term medical conditions, frailty, and geriatric syndromes such as pressure ulcers, falls, incontinence, delirium and functional decline. Increased hospital stays also have adverse effects on frail older people. Strategies are needed to ensure that elderly people are seen by the appropriate professionals to reduce adverse effects. This study aimed to assess the impact of an elderly care pathway in an emergency department (‘front door’) on admission avoidance, length of stay in hospital, and 30‐day readmission rate. Methods: In this single case study, quantitative data on frail elderly persons aged 75 years and over seen by the Acute Elderly Unit (n = 605; AEU group) were compared with those seen by a general medical team (n = 327; non‐AEU group) at Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, UK, to calculate the average length of hospital stay and readmission rates. Members of the elderly care multidisciplinary team were also interviewed, and data analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Length of stay and admission prevention were higher in the AEU group than the non‐AEU group. Conclusions: To facilitate quality care for frail older persons, an elderly care pathway is needed that includes early discharge planning, a person‐centred approach, intensive multidisciplinary team involvement and joined‐up working.","PeriodicalId":90841,"journal":{"name":"Healthy aging research","volume":"5 1","pages":"1–11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/01.HXR.0000508386.03007.ba","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61603728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcranial stimulation over the left inferior frontal gyrus increases false alarms in an associative memory task in older adults.","authors":"Ryan C Leach,&nbsp;Matthew P McCurdy,&nbsp;Michael C Trumbo,&nbsp;Laura E Matzen,&nbsp;Eric D Leshikar","doi":"10.1097/01.hxr.0000491108.83234.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.hxr.0000491108.83234.85","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a potential tool for alleviating various forms of cognitive decline, including memory loss, in older adults. However, past effects of tDCS on cognitive ability have been mixed. One important potential moderator of tDCS effects is the baseline level of cognitive performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We tested the effects of tDCS on face-name associative memory in older adults, who suffer from performance deficits in this task relative to younger adults. Stimulation was applied to the left inferior prefrontal cortex during encoding of face-name pairs, and memory was assessed with both a recognition and recall task.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Face-name memory performance was decreased with the use of tDCS. This result was driven by increased false alarms when recognizing rearranged face-name pairs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This result suggests that tDCS can lead to increased false alarm rates in recognition memory, and that effects of tDCS on a specific cognitive task may depend upon cognitive capability for that task.</p>","PeriodicalId":90841,"journal":{"name":"Healthy aging research","volume":"5 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/01.hxr.0000491108.83234.85","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35535760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study protocol: A randomised, double blinded, placebo‐controlled clinical trial testing the effects of a vitamin D‐enriched mushroom supplement on cognitive performance and mood in healthy elderly adults","authors":"Ian T. Zajac, P. Cavuoto, V. Danthiir, G. Wittert, Debra Krause, L. Lawson, M. Noakes, J. Syrette, J. Weaver, L. Bennett","doi":"10.1097/01.HXR.0000511866.70301.d6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.HXR.0000511866.70301.d6","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cross‐sectional evidence suggests a positive relationship between vitamin D status and cognitive performance and mood; however, interventional clinical evidence is lacking. Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in the elderly. If justified, supplementation offers a potentially cost‐effective approach for maintaining cognitiondependent quality of life in aging populations. Exposure to UV light elevates the vitamin D content of mushrooms, which represent a novel and convenient source of dietary vitamin D (D2). Here we present the protocol for a study to determine whether increasing vitamin D status improves cognitive function, mood and depressive symptoms in healthy older subjects. Methods: The study is a double blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial with 400 healthy male and female subjects aged 60–90 years old. Subjects pre‐screened for confounders of cognition but not vitamin D status, are randomised across four groups, receiving daily supplement treatments in parallel over six months; either: vitamin D2‐enriched mushroom solids, vitamin D3 alone, standard mushroom solids, or placebo. Primary endpoints are: changes in serum 25‐OH‐D2 and 25‐OH‐D3 metabolites and general cognitive performance. Secondary endpoints include mood and depressive symptoms. Data analysis will adjust for covariate measures. Blood samples taken at the three clinic visits (baseline, 5 weeks and 6 months) will be stored.","PeriodicalId":90841,"journal":{"name":"Healthy aging research","volume":"5 1","pages":"1–14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61603850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}