Healthy aging research最新文献

{"title":"Engaging older adults to inform diabetes medication adherence mobile application selection","authors":"C. Conway, T. Kelechi, L. Nemeth","doi":"10.1097/HXR.0000000000000020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/HXR.0000000000000020","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Medication nonadherence is a significant health concern that disproportionately affects older adults. Aging is often associated with comorbidities including diabetes and more complex drug regimens that can impact compliance. Objectives: To explore smartphone use among older adults with diabetes to evaluate potential medication adherence application preferences. Methods: This case report describes a series of stakeholder-engaged discussions with 11 older adults ages 60 years and older and 4 health care providers (HCPs), from a rural and small metropolitan community, in the southeastern United States. The Technology Acceptance Model led a conversation guide. Results: Older adults had smartphone devices. When considering use of the 2 applications, older adults and HCPs indicated preference for the Medisafe application. Conclusions: On the basis of advice of an older adult and HCP stakeholder sample, plans are underway to select a medication adherence application for future research.","PeriodicalId":90841,"journal":{"name":"Healthy aging research","volume":"7 1","pages":"e20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/HXR.0000000000000020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46537465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rate and pattern of road traffic accidents among older and younger drivers","authors":"Yadollah Abolfathi Momtaz, R. Kargar, R. Hosseiny, R. Sahaf","doi":"10.1097/HXR.0000000000000018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/HXR.0000000000000018","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Driving mobility as an instrumental activity of daily living can maintain quality of life and prevent social isolation in old age. However, physiological and cognitive changes associated with aging cause driving skills that may increase the frequency and severity of traffic accidents among older drivers compared with their younger counterparts. Therefore, this study was conducted to compare the rate and pattern of road traffic accidents between older and younger drivers in Urmia City, West Azerbaijan Province,Iran. Methods: The study used a cross-sectional retrospective design to obtain all road traffic accidents from March 21, 2014 to March 20, 2015 in Urmia City, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. The relevant data were derived from Police traffic crash reports using a checklist developed by researchers. The descriptive and inferential statistics were conducted using SPSS version 23. Results: A total of 2646 road traffic accidents were studied. The age of drivers ranged from 14 to 80 years. The mean age of older drivers was 68.79 (SD=7.53). The rate of road traffic accident among older driver was found to be 8.1%. Older drivers compared with younger drivers, were more injured (37% vs. 16.8%). The results of a series of statistical analyses showed significant differences between older and younger drivers in patterns of road traffic accident. Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that driving in old age should be acknowledged as a public health concern. In addition, the findings showing different patterns of road traffic accidents between older and younger drivers imply that different prevention approaches are needed.","PeriodicalId":90841,"journal":{"name":"Healthy aging research","volume":"7 1","pages":"e18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/HXR.0000000000000018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48189730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Significant age-related alterations in the blood plasma metabolome of noncognitively impaired healthy elderly subjects","authors":"Xiaobei Pan, P. Passmore, S. Graham, S. Todd, B. McGuinness, B. Green","doi":"10.1097/HXR.0000000000000016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/HXR.0000000000000016","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Age is a major risk factor for most common neurodegenerative diseases. Although an increased research focus on diseases of aging, there is little information regarding the metabolite changes in the aging blood in healthy older adults. Such information could help us to understand neurocognitive changes associated with aging and also further improve the validity and reproducibility of future metabolite biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases. Materials and Methods: The purpose of this study was to assess how the metabolomic profiles of noncognitively impaired elderly participants changes with aging. Using a targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/MS metabolomics approach, this study examined 17 noncognitively impaired elderly participants (T0; 78.10±6.30 y; mini-mental state exam=29.29±0.85) and the same 17 subjects were followed-up ∼5 years later (T5; 83.29±6.13 y; mini-mental state exam=27.47±1.62). Results: The concentrations of 187 plasma metabolites determined were used to build a partial least squares-discriminant model which found that metabolomic profiles taken 5 years (T5) from baseline (T0) were distinctly different (R2=0.95; Q2=0.90). When metabolites levels at T5 were compared with T0, 68 of the 73 phosphatidylcholines, 25 of the 40 acylcarnitines, and 2 of the 14 lysophosphatidylcholines were increased, whereas 3 of the 14 lysophosphatidylcholines and 2 of the 14 sphingomyelins were decreased. Moreover, 20 of the 42 amino acids concentrations were significantly different between the 2 time points. Fourteen amino acids were increased at T5, whereas 6 amino acids were decreased. Conclusions: The plasma metabolome changes with age in elderly, noncognitively impaired subjects, and this could aid in developing valid and sensitive metabolite biomarkers for human disease.","PeriodicalId":90841,"journal":{"name":"Healthy aging research","volume":"7 1","pages":"e16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/HXR.0000000000000016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44091283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical activity and the development of visible age-related signs in the general population: a prospective cohort study","authors":"C. Petersen, Anne L. Schou, P. Schnohr, J. Tolstrup","doi":"10.1097/HXR.0000000000000013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/HXR.0000000000000013","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Physical inactivity is a well-known risk factor for multiple diseases and may be associated with increased aging of the body. Visible age-related signs indicate biological age, as individuals appearing old for their age are more likely to be at poor health, compared with people appearing their actual age. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that physical activity is associated with biological aging, indicated by 5 visible age-related signs (arcus corneae, xanthelasmata, earlobe crease, facial wrinkles, and pattern baldness). Materials and Method: We used information from 11,613 individuals in the Copenhagen City Heart Study. Physical activity and other lifestyle factors were assessed prospectively and visible age-related signs were inspected at subsequent examinations. We performed interval censored survival analyses, using a SE allowing for intragroup correlation, as some individuals were included twice. Results: Physical activity was not related to the risk of developing earlobe crease, facial wrinkles or pattern baldness. Among men, but not women, moderate physical activity was associated to a lower risk of developing xanthelasmata compared with inactivity (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.49–0.95) while among women, vigorous physical activity was associated to a higher risk of arcus cornea (hazard ratio, 1.51; 95% confidence interval, 1.05–2.15). Conclusion: Independent of chronological age, physical activity was not related to visible signs of aging. Aging is a part of a complex multifactorial process. This is the first prospective study to investigate the relation between physical activity level and looking old for your age.","PeriodicalId":90841,"journal":{"name":"Healthy aging research","volume":"7 1","pages":"e13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/HXR.0000000000000013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42620645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National policies for healthy aging in Malta: achievements and limitations","authors":"M. Formosa","doi":"10.1097/HXR.0000000000000017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/HXR.0000000000000017","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Contemporary public policy in Malta is strongly geared toward improving the levels of healthy aging of present and incoming cohorts of older persons. Methods: A content analysis of contemporary policy directions launched and implemented by the Government of Malta toward healthy aging in Malta. Results: Healthy aging policy in Malta follows the European Commission’s document Guiding principles for active aging and solidarity between generations which underlined how societies must not be solely content with a remarkable increase in life expectancy, but must also strive to extend healthy life years, and to provide opportunities for physical and mental activities adapted to the capacities of older individuals. The government of Malta employs 14 consultant geriatricians who work mainly in the public rehabilitation hospital and residential/nursing homes, concentrating on frail elders, and in specialty clinics—for example, on memory, falls, and continence. Maltese policies on healthy aging include the National Strategic Policy for Active Aging, National Demetria Strategy, and the Minimum Standards for Care Homes in Malta, all of which include a range of recommendations that aim to lead older persons toward higher levels of healthy aging, but which also include a number of limitations. Conclusions: In achieving better levels of healthy aging—that is, the process of optimizing opportunities for physical, social, and mental wellbeing to enable older people to enjoy an independent and good quality of life—this paper recommends 4 distinct and urgent pathways in healthy aging policy: addressing the further prevention and reduction of the burden of excess disabilities, chronic disease, and premature mortality; instigating an increased responsiveness to reducing risk factors associated with major diseases by taking comprehensive action to control the use of tobacco, increase physical activity for older adults, and the adoption of national nutrition action plans; investing more human and financial resources in long-term care services in the community and older persons’ homes; and upholding further national capacity for training in geriatric training.","PeriodicalId":90841,"journal":{"name":"Healthy aging research","volume":"33 1","pages":"e17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/HXR.0000000000000017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61713889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights from a retrospective chart audit of oral nutrition supplement use in long-term care","authors":"S. Johnson, Roseann Nasser, Cherith L. McGregor, Krista R. Sawatzky, Kimberly T. Thieu, Sharon Walker, Jean Coleman","doi":"10.1097/HXR.0000000000000015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/HXR.0000000000000015","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Prescribing oral nutritional supplements (ONS) in long-term care (LTC) has steadily increased over time. This study aimed to develop insight into ONS use and prescription practices from a retrospective chart audit in LTC. Methods: A standard tool collected data on background/demographics, nutritional assessment, intervention and monitoring information. A chart audit was conducted on 38 residents prescribed with ONS in 4 LTC homes. Results: In 68% (n=25/38) of the charts, researchers were able to determine whether residents received ONS daily. Ninety-six percent (n=24/25) received ONS on a daily basis. In 13% (5/38) of the charts, weight loss, poor appetite, and/or blood glucose control were indications for ONS. In 21% (n=8/38), there were attempts to increase caloric intake using food and/or fortified foods. Of the charts reviewed, 84% (n=32/38) had documentation of monitoring (eg, weight, dietary intake) and of these, 72% (n=23/32) had documentation done annually. Only 34% (13/38) of the charts had prescriber information and the most common prescriber of ONS were physicians (85%, n=11/13). Conclusions: There is limited information collected regarding ONS use and prescribing practices are inconsistent. Guidelines, policies, and education are required to support ONS practice in LTC homes and should involve dietitians.","PeriodicalId":90841,"journal":{"name":"Healthy aging research","volume":"7 1","pages":"e15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/HXR.0000000000000015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61713847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fat metabolism increases after exercise training in older men, but not women","authors":"N. Fisher, A. Limprasertkul, D. Pendergast","doi":"10.1097/HXR.0000000000000006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/HXR.0000000000000006","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Reduced fat metabolism (FM) in older persons may be caused by reduced physical activity and peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak). This study aimed to estimate total body FM in older men and women, and evaluate the extent to which reversing inactivity with an exercise program would improve FM. Methods: VO2peak and FM (inferred from respiratory exchange ratio; RER) in older subjects were compared before and after a progressive 8-week intermittent aerobic exercise program. All participants (42 older women aged 74±3 y and 41 men aged 74±3 y) completed a peak voluntary graded exercise test on a cycle ergometer, and VO2 and RER were measured. Twenty-two older women and 22 men completed 8 weeks of exercise training (3×1 h weekly sessions on a cycle ergometer). Exercise intensity progressed from 40% of the maximal pretest workload to 100% by the end of the program. The remaining subjects served as controls. Results: RER was significantly higher in women (RER=0.49 VO2+0.60) than men (RER=0.27 VO2+0.71; P=0.001). Exercise training increased VO2peak (20% for women, 30% for men) and decreased RER at submaximal VO2 in men (RER=0.21 VO2+0.75 vs. RER=0.27 VO2+0.71), but not women (RER=0.49 VO2+0.60). Conclusion: Although the literature reports that FM is reduced in older men and women, this study demonstrated that, in men, FM was increased after aerobic training, but not in women, despite an increased VO2peak in both.","PeriodicalId":90841,"journal":{"name":"Healthy aging research","volume":"7 1","pages":"e6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/HXR.0000000000000006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61713828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding social networking use for social connectedness among rural older adults","authors":"Allison H. Findlay, M. Nies","doi":"10.1097/HXR.0000000000000012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/HXR.0000000000000012","url":null,"abstract":"Background: As a growing number of older adults are using social networking technologies, understanding the uses and activities associated with it are critical for designing interventions to maintain social connectedness and promote healthy aging. The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics and perceptions of rural older adult social network site (SNS) users and nonusers, and the relationship between them in regards to social connectedness. Methods: A convenience sample of 350 rural older adults age 65 years and older in Southeast Idaho rural counties participated in this quantitative cross-sectional descriptive study. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire including a demographic survey, the Social Networking Site survey, and the Social Connectedness Scale -Revised. Quantitative data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics and correlational and hierarchal regression. Results: Controlling for demographics, social connectedness was not an indicator of SNS use. Rural older adults who had home Internet, felt comfortable using the Internet, and viewed SNSs as important were more likely to use SNSs. Younger-old adults, married, with college education and/or higher income, were more likely to be SNS users. Lack of interest and lack of access and knowledge about SNSs were the main reasons nonusers chose not to use SNSs. Conclusion: Overcoming negative perceptions of SNSs and having access and ability to use SNSs may increase likelihood of use, and offer an interventional strategy for social connectedness.","PeriodicalId":90841,"journal":{"name":"Healthy aging research","volume":"6 1","pages":"e12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/HXR.0000000000000012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47251288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular disease and diabetes are not barriers to walking among the very elderly: findings from a national Australian survey","authors":"Bonnie Field, T. Cochrane, R. Davey, Y. Kinfu","doi":"10.1097/HXR.0000000000000011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/HXR.0000000000000011","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Walking has numerous health benefits and is an accessible option for most elderly people. This study explored the effects of age and sex on walking in community-dwelling respondents aged 75 years and older and the influence of chronic disease on this association. Methods: Cross-sectional data on 349 men and 499 women from the Australian 2011–2012 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey were used. Data were weighted to enable generalization of the findings to the Australian population aged 75 years and older. Outcome measures were self-reported participation in walking and duration of walking. Chronic diseases considered were ischemic heart disease, angina, heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, and diabetes. Results: No difference in walking participation was seen between men and women, but among those who walked, men walked for longer than women. Those aged 85 years and older were less likely to walk than those aged 75–79 years, but age was not associated with walking duration among older adults. Cardiovascular disease and/or diabetes had no effect on walking participation or duration. Conclusion: There is a cohort of active older Australian men and women who continue to walk well into very old age, irrespective of cardiovascular disease and/or diabetes.","PeriodicalId":90841,"journal":{"name":"Healthy aging research","volume":"6 1","pages":"e11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/HXR.0000000000000011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41427794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aging: calm before the storm of cognitive impairment protective effect of beneficial antiaging strategies","authors":"M. Daulatzai","doi":"10.1097/HXR.0000000000000005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/HXR.0000000000000005","url":null,"abstract":"A multitude of factors can affect the brain in aging, including age-related comorbid risk factors that sustain the impact of oxidative stress on several neurochemical systems. Aging perturbs volumetric changes in both the white and gray matter of the brain promoting axonopathy and atrophy in various cortical regions including the hippocampus. The pathophysiological pathways of oxidative and nitrosative stress are emphasized here based on a large body of evidence that links these stresses to aging-related pathologic processes, including neuropathology. For example, vasculature in aging has the propensity to generate an excess of reactive superoxide and hydrogen peroxide species that inhibit nitric oxide and its vasodilatory activity. Both oxidative stress and inflammation are increased in aging, and each can enhance the generation of the other in a cyclical manner. Neurodegenerative changes in cognitively intact elderly persons may be associated with deposition of neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques of amyloid. These pathologies, however, are promoted by oxidative stress and inflammation. Moreover, the hippocampal CA1 area exhibits increasing densities of neurofibrillary tangles with age. There are significant data that link neurofibrillary tangles to neurodegeneration as a function of age and age-related comorbid conditions. However, opinion is divided on senile plaques being causative for cognitive decline. Several key interventions/approaches are described here for mitigating dysfunctional aging and neuropathology. These protective strategies should be important window(s) of opportunity for prolonging healthy longevity with attenuated age-induced cognitive impairment.","PeriodicalId":90841,"journal":{"name":"Healthy aging research","volume":"6 1","pages":"e5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/HXR.0000000000000005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42250415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}