Brain Research最新文献

{"title":"Gold nanoparticles reduce ischemic brain injury in rats by activating autophagy and inhibiting apoptosis","authors":"Xuejing Ma,&nbsp;Chang Liu,&nbsp;Yanyan Yang,&nbsp;Lili Ren,&nbsp;Yunhao Xu,&nbsp;Jiachen Li,&nbsp;Peng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149974","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149974","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ischemic stroke, the main type of stroke, is the leading cause of human death and disability worldwide. This study aims to investigate the effect of gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Au-NPs was prepared by trisodium citrate reduction method. Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (tMCAO) was used to mimic cerebral ischemia. Behavioral tests, 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining, Hematoxylin &amp; Eosin staining, Nissl staining and TUNEL staining, were performed to evaluate cerebral injury following tMCAO. Brain tissues were collected and analyzed for ERK activation, autophagy, and apoptosis. The particle size of the prepared Au-NPs was about 15 nm, and the distribution was regular and uniform. Au-NPs treatment improved neurological outcomes and reduced infarct volume. Furthermore, Au-NPs treatment<!--> <!-->alleviated tMCAO induced apoptosis in rats and increased autophagy. In addition, Au-NPs treatment activated the ERK and ERK inhibitor PD98059 reversed the neuroprotective effects of Au-NPs on ischemic stroke injury.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9083,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research","volume":"1867 ","pages":"Article 149974"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recombinant IL-1β induces striatal dopamine depletion in aged rats: Involvement of histamine H1 receptors","authors":"Ilya D. Ionov ,&nbsp;Maria D.Krasilova ,&nbsp;Irina I. Pushinskaya ,&nbsp;Nicholas P. Gorev ,&nbsp;Margarita O. Lyubimova ,&nbsp;Lyudmila I.Maltseva ,&nbsp;Piotr N. Komikarov","doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149977","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149977","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aging, the strongest risk factor for Parkinson’s disease (PD), is associated with brain neuroinflammation. In parkinsonian brain, this inflammation manifests in elevated levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β). The pathogenic significance of this factor is unclear. The presented study was aimed to examine the effect of IL-1β analogue, rat recombinant IL-1β (rrIL-1β), on striatal dopamine metabolism in aged rats; in parallel, cataleptogenic action of rrIL-1β was determined. Given the ability of IL-1β to induce histamine release from histaminergic fibers, the involvement of histamine H₁, H₂, H₃, and H₄ receptors in the rrIL-1β effects was evaluated. The male Wistar rats of 530–570 days of age were used in all experiments. The experimental groups consisted of 6 animals. The striatal levels of dopamine (DA), 3, 4 −dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) were determined using HPLC and ELISA; catalepsy was assessed by bar test. Daily i.c.v. administration of rrIL-1β for 14 days at 3.0 ng caused significant decrease in DA, DOPAC, and TH levels in the dorsal striatum; these neurochemical changes were accompanied with the development of catalepsy. The observed rrIL-1β effects were reversed by H₁ antagonist mepyramine whereas H₂ and H₃/H₄ antagonists ranitidine and thioperamide were ineffective. The presented results provide novel insight into functioning of the nigrostriatal pathway in aged rats. Apparently, there exists a certain IL-1β–histamine mechanism exerting depletion of dopamine in the dorsal striatum and initiating catalepsy; the mechanism is mediated by H₁ receptors. Our data suggest that the IL-1β–histamine interaction might contribute to the PD development, and be potential target for the treatment of parkinsonism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9083,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research","volume":"1867 ","pages":"Article 149977"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between reproductive milestones and Alzheimer’s disease risk: a Mendelian randomization study","authors":"Ye Wang ,&nbsp;Danyang Zhao ,&nbsp;Tiantian Kong ,&nbsp;Yan Ni ,&nbsp;Yanlong Liu ,&nbsp;Yimin Kang ,&nbsp;Fan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149972","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149972","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder. Previous studies have suggested associations between female reproductive history and AD risk, but the causal nature of these relationships remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the causal relationships between key female reproductive milestones (age at menarche, age at first birth, and menopause) and AD risk using Mendelian randomization (MR) and multivariate MR analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Two-sample MR and multivariate MR analyses were conducted using pooled data from large-scale genome-wide association studies. Genetic variants associated with female reproductive milestones served as instrumental variables. Replication phase data were provided by the Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit consortium. Core single-nucleotide polymorphisms were selected to examine the effects of age at menarche, age at first birth, and menopause on AD risk. The inverse variance weighting method was the primary analytical approach, with causality assessed using MR-Egger regression and weighted median estimation. Sensitivity analyses and pleiotropy assessments were performed using Cochran’s Q test and the MR-PRESSO global test. This study followed the STROBE-MR checklist for reporting MR studies.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>MR analysis revealed that genetically predicted earlier age at menarche and age at first birth are potentially associated with increased risk of AD (OR = 0.92, 95 % CI: 0.85–0.99, <em>p</em> = 0.022; OR = 0.90, 95 % CI: 0.84–0.96, <em>p</em> = 0.002, respectively). Conversely, genetically predicted menopause was associated with increased AD risk (OR = 2.55, 95 % CI: 1.06–6.14, <em>p</em> = 0.036).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This MR study provides evidence suggesting that genetically predicted age at menarche, age at first birth, and menopause are significantly associated with AD risk, operating independently of each other. These findings highlight the potential role of female reproductive milestones in AD pathogenesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9083,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research","volume":"1867 ","pages":"Article 149972"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145198074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resting EEG partial coherence demonstrates increased γ range central functional connectivity in amnestic mild cognitive impairment","authors":"Ioannis Vlachos ,&nbsp;Christos Moschovos ,&nbsp;Loukia Apostolakopoulou ,&nbsp;Kyriaki Karasavvidou ,&nbsp;Eva Ntanasi ,&nbsp;Eirini Mamalaki ,&nbsp;Dimitris Kugiumtzis ,&nbsp;Vasilios K. Kimiskidis ,&nbsp;Nikolaos Scarmeas ,&nbsp;Andreas Kyrozis","doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149973","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149973","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Relatively little is known about EEG high <span><math><mrow><mi>γ</mi></mrow></math></span> (gamma) range changes in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We investigated functional connectivity, focusing on the <span><math><mrow><mi>γ</mi></mrow></math></span> range, in amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) using ordinary Coherence (COH) and Partial Coherence (PCOH), a metric which enhances signal to noise ratio at high frequencies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>MCI (<span><math><mrow><mi>N</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>21</mn></mrow></math></span>) and Cognitively normal (CN, <span><math><mrow><mi>N</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>62</mn></mrow></math></span>) ALBION study participants had resting EEG with eyes closed (EC) and eyes open (EO) in 10/20 montage (19 active electrodes). COH and PCOH in 0.5–100 Hz for each subject were calculated for all 171 electrode pairs.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In both <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>γ</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow></math></span> (30–50 Hz) and <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>γ</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></math></span> (50–100 Hz) ranges, PCOH was significantly higher in MCI than in CN in several electrode pairs, especially centrally, in both eye conditions. Concerning local (average of each electrode) connectivity, MCI compared to CN showed significantly higher values in PCOH centrally.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Resting EEG <span><math><mrow><mi>γ</mi></mrow></math></span> range functional connectivity at central areas, as revealed by PCOH, is significantly higher in MCI than in CN.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div><span><math><mrow><mi>γ</mi></mrow></math></span> range local and regional EEG functional connectivity differences may help construct useful and easily available biomarkers in neurodegeneration. Metrics, such as PCOH, which factor out global connectivity components may help reveal such differences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9083,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research","volume":"1867 ","pages":"Article 149973"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145198127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BNIP3L/NIX-mediated mitophagy: Future directions in Alzheimer’s disease","authors":"Violina Kakoty ,&nbsp;Khang Wen Goh ,&nbsp;Prashant Kesharwani ,&nbsp;Young Tag Ko","doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149970","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149970","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>BCL2-interacting protein 3 like (BNIP3L) /Nip3-like protein X (NIX) is a mitochondrial outer membrane protein possessing mitophagic and pro-apoptotic properties. Mitochondrial dysfunction and subsequent mitophagy impairment are some of the early triggers for Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), which is a progressive neurodegenerative condition affecting memory, thinking, and behavior. AD is associated with mitochondrial protein impairment and mitophagy failure. A recent study showed downregulation in BNIP3L expression in response to stress hormone release during Alzheimer’s, and pretreatment with a BNIP3L enhancer of a corticosterone-exposed mouse upregulated mitophagy. This research proved that BNIP3L stimulation can be an effective therapeutic strategy against Alzheimer’s. However, BNIP3L-mediated mitophagy studies focused on Alzheimer’s have been relatively scarce, and expanding knowledge on its regulatory proteins will help lay a smoother road ahead for future Alzheimer’s research. In this review, we aim to summarize all the recent findings of the downstream proteins of BNIP3L, which play an indispensable role in inducing BNIP3L-mediated mitophagy effects. The review also explicates the significance of healthy mitochondria and normally functioning mitophagy in Alzheimer’s. Finally, the review states the implications of BNIP3L in other diseases, like cardiovascular conditions and cancer, underscoring the immense potential of this wonder protein.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9083,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research","volume":"1867 ","pages":"Article 149970"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145190941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rethinking task importance in the visual world paradigm","authors":"Falk Huettig ,&nbsp;Michael K. Tanenhaus","doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149965","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149965","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although the term Visual World Paradigm (henceforth VWP) is used to refer to the broad class of studies in which participants eye movements are measured as they listen to language, that is about a circumscribed visual display (henceforth the visual world), there are, in fact, two broadly used variants of the paradigm. The first, introduced by researchers at Rochester in the mid-1990 s, typically used the visual world as a type of workspace that participants interact with, for example following instructions to perform an action or sequence of actions (e.g., “Put the apple on the towel in the box”; “Put the big candle into the trash. Now put the small tie into the blue square.”). The second, introduced by Gerry Altmann and colleagues, typically narrates an event or sequence of events, using a display with depicted objects and people (e.g., “The boy will eat the cake.”; “Donald is bringing some mail to Mickey while a violent storm is beginning. He’s carrying an umbrella…”) without asking participants to perform an accompanying action. While the approaches are often used to address similar questions, there are some, often implicit, differences between the assumptions that motivate the different approaches. But what are these assumptions? Are there types of questions for which one of the approaches is better suited than the other? Does the choice of approach affect linking hypotheses? We address these issues in a paper that takes the form of a dialogue, with MKT making the case for including tasks with actions and FH making the case for experiments without an additional action. After responding to each other’s arguments, we conclude by: (1) separating principled differences from associations that are tied to the types of questions that were first addressed in some of the foundational studies; (2) making suggestions for factors that should guide researchers’ choice of approach; and (3) proposing new avenues of research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9083,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research","volume":"1867 ","pages":"Article 149965"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145181797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Network pharmacology combined with experimental verification for exploring the potential antidepressant mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine Buyang Huanwu Decoction in lipopolysaccharide-induced depressed mouse model","authors":"Sashuang Liu ,&nbsp;Yihe Wang ,&nbsp;Xinyu Zhou ,&nbsp;Yijing Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhen Wang ,&nbsp;Dexiang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149966","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149966","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Major depression (MDD) is a psychophysiological disorder that places heavy burden on human society. The Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BHD) can delay the pathological progression of MDD; however, its pharmacological mechanism remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the anti- antidepressant mechanism of BHD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study identifies BHD targets and depression-related targets. Cross analysis reveals BHD’s potential antidepressant targets. A protein–protein interaction network is constructed and functionally enriched. Molecular docking focuses on the top six hub targets and their active compounds. Network pharmacology predictions are validated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depressed mice after treatment with BHD, combined with behavioral tests, RT-qPCR, immunohistochemistry, and biological safety by alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) assays.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We obtain 306 candidate targets for BHD to alleviate MDD, and analyze their biological functions in the study. KEGG enrichment illustrates that the lipid and atherosclerosis and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways are important. Then we obtain four core targets, including JUN, STAT3, TP53, and RELA. These results are validated by random forest analysis and molecular docking. BHD alleviates anxiety-depression-like behaviors in LPS-induced mice, reduces hippocampal <em>Jun, Stat3,</em> and <em>Rela</em> mRNA levels and suppresses microglial activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine release.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study suggests that BHD effectively ameliorates LPS-induced anxiety- and depression-like behavior, likely by suppressing the <em>Jun</em>, <em>Stat3,</em> and <em>Rela</em> signaling to regulate neuroinflammation in hippocampus. This work offers novel insights into the mechanisms underlying herbal formulas as natural preventive intervention for MDD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9083,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research","volume":"1867 ","pages":"Article 149966"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145181851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Emerging practices in therapeutic targeting of neurodegenerative diseases by modulating protein kinases.","authors":"Md Imtaiyaz Hassan, Belgin Sever","doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149956","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149956","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9083,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research","volume":" ","pages":"149956"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145147663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases as the biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease: a meta-analysis.","authors":"Kwok Kei Mak, Karin JeeEun Nam, Yi-Fang Chuang, Liang-Kung Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149954","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study systematically investigated the associations of levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) with clinical-phase Alzheimer's disease (AD) to evaluate their potential as biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search of major English and Asian language databases was conducted from inception to December 2024. Following the screening process using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 12 human studies were selected for review. The sample consisted of 1316 participants (806 with clinical-phase AD patients and 510 controls), including 49.7% males with a mean age of 71.2. The outcomes for comparisons between AD status groups were concentrations of gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) and stromelysins (MMP-3, MMP-10), TIMPs (TIMP-1 and TIMP-2), as well as the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio in body fluids. Pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) were computed using random-effects models and adjusting for the moderators, comprising demographic factors (population, sex, age) and body fluid type, in the meta-analysis. Forest plots and funnel plots were generated to visualize the results and assess publication biases, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Levels of MMP-3 and MMP-9 were significantly higher in AD patients than in controls with the corresponding pooled SMDs (95 %CI) of 0.69 (0.25 to 1.13) and 0.45 (0.08 to 0.82). The association of MMP-3 level with AD status was moderated by population, sex, and body fluid type, whereas the association of MMP-9 was not. The Egger's tests revealed no statistically significant publication biases (P > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study provides a summary of the past-decade findings about the levels of MMPs and TIMPs in AD patients and controls. Our findings indicate that elevated MMP-3 and MMP-9 are associated with AD. MMP-9, regardless of body fluid type, could be universally used for screening AD individuals with relevance across various demographic groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":9083,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research","volume":" ","pages":"149954"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145147786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring phantom phenomena following brachial plexus block in intact limbs","authors":"Emily Pettersen ,&nbsp;Giacomo Valle ,&nbsp;Paolo Sassu ,&nbsp;Carina Reinholdt ,&nbsp;Max Ortiz-Catalan","doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149955","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149955","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objective</h3><div>Phantom limb experiences, including phantom limb sensations (PLS) and phantom limb pain (PLP), are common after limb amputation or deafferentation, with PLP significantly impacting quality of life. However, the mechanisms underlying PLP remain unclear, complicating treatment development. Investigating phantom phenomena has been proposed to gain insights into the mechanisms behind the insurgence of PLS and PLP, potentially informing new therapeutic approaches. However, small, heterogeneous samples and a lack of objective pain metrics often limit research on individuals with limb loss.</div><div>Here, we investigate whether phantom experiences, similar to those reported after amputation, also occur in individuals with intact limbs following a brachial plexus nerve block, excluding the brain from afferent and efferent signals.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>To investigate the phenomenon, we conducted a multifaceted phenomenological study involving 14 individuals undergoing elective hand or arm surgery under brachial plexus nerve block. Participants were asked to report on the presence of phantom experiences and describe them in terms of vividness, quality, position, telescoping, movements, and pain. Assessments occurred at four-time points: before surgery, during surgery, after surgery, and at home. These findings were then compared to observations in the amputation population.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>93 % of the participants reported PLS 20–40 min following brachial plexus anesthesia. The most frequently reported qualities of PLS were tingling, heaviness, and warmth. Commonly reported experiences after limb loss, such as distorted limb position, telescoping, and execution of phantom limb movements, were also reported by the participants after the deafferentation. Notably, participants experiencing distorted limb positions did not find them painful or uncomfortable. PLP was reported by only one participant.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study demonstrates that individuals with temporary sensorimotor deafferentation via brachial plexus nerve block experience many phantom phenomena similar to those reported by individuals with limb loss. This suggests that brachial plexus nerve block is a promising model for studying PLP and a potential test bed for its treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9083,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research","volume":"1867 ","pages":"Article 149955"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145147748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}