Brain injury最新文献

{"title":"Observed but overlooked (possible) concussions in slap fighting - a video analysis study.","authors":"Yavuz Lima, Levend Karaçoban, Yasin Atay, Levent Özçakar","doi":"10.1080/02699052.2026.2629943","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02699052.2026.2629943","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Existing literature on slap fighting is restricted to frequency and the distribution of visible signs of possible concussion. This study examines possible concussions and their assessments in male slap fighting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All male slap fights conducted between January 2023 and August 2025 were reviewed using video analysis and coded independently by two investigators with a focus on visible signs of possible concussion, referee and ringside physician assessments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 231 possible concussions were identified across 164 fights and 766 slaps (a mean of 1.4/fight and 0.3/slap). Overall, 558 visible signs were observed i.e. most commonly being motor incoordination (<i>n</i> = 224, 40.1%). Of the 231 possible concussions, 223 were assessed by the referee; 124 (55.6%) resulted in continuation of the fight, of which 113 (91.1%) presented with one or two visible signs. Eleven possible concussions were assessed by the ringside physician and 45.5% resulted in the fight's continuation. Both referee and ringside physician assessments were brief (16.9 ± 11.1 and 15.8 ± 11.2 seconds, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings underscore the need for referees and ringside physicians to receive structured training in identifying visible concussion signs-particularly motor incoordination-and to ensure that all suspected cases are referred for medical assessment and withheld from continuing competition.</p>","PeriodicalId":9082,"journal":{"name":"Brain injury","volume":" ","pages":"531-537"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146200133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cumulative effects of mild traumatic brain injury in the general population: persistent post-concussion symptoms and post-traumatic stress.","authors":"Nicholas I J Smith, Lee Hogarth, John D Corrigan, W Huw Williams","doi":"10.1080/02699052.2026.2625366","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02699052.2026.2625366","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine theincremental effects of multiple mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs) on persistent post-concussion-like symptoms (PPCS), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and complex PTSD (C-PTSD) in a large community sample.</p><p><strong>Settingand participants: </strong>A cross-sectional survey of 1710 individuals from the UK general population, recruited online. Subgroups included individuals with no TBI history (<i>n</i> = 581), a single mTBI (<i>n</i> = 581), and multiple mTBIs (<i>n</i> = 548).</p><p><strong>Main measures: </strong>TBI history was assessed using the Ohio State TBI Identification method. PPCS and PTSD/C-PTSD symptoms were measured with the Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire and the International Trauma Questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Individuals with multiple mTBIs reported significantly higher cognitive, somatic, affective, and total PPCS severity (R² = .04-.06, <i>p</i> < 0.001) compared to those with one or no mTBIs. Single mTBI participants also reported more symptoms than those with no TBI. Multiple mTBIs were associated with greater PTSD/C-PTSD symptom severity and higher C-PTSD prevalence (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Results remained significant after adjusting for covariates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Multiple mTBIs are linked to increased PPCS and PTSD/C-PTSD severity in the general population. Early identification and tailored interventions are essential to reduce long-term psychological and neurological effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":9082,"journal":{"name":"Brain injury","volume":" ","pages":"458-467"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146131276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scoping review of secondary studies using the Federal Interagency of Traumatic Brain Injury Research datasets.","authors":"Amanda N Fitterer, Leila Ledbetter, Peter Duquette, Amy Switzer, Margaret Fletcher, Julia Smith, Karin Reuter-Rice","doi":"10.1080/02699052.2026.2625369","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02699052.2026.2625369","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) affects hundreds of thousands of people in the United States each year and represents a significant public health problem. There is considerable heterogeneity of causes, diagnostic tools, treatments, and outcomes of TBI, and the volume of research on the topic reflects this. Despite the large body of research, significant gaps remain in our knowledge of how to diagnose and treat TBI. To address this, the Federal Interagency Traumatic Brain Injury Research (FITBIR) Informatics System was developed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This scoping review aimed to provide a descriptive overview of how FITBIR data has been used in published research since its inception, including the types of studies conducted, datasets used, and methodological approaches. Online databases were used to identify papers that utilized FITBIR data for secondary applications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-nine articles were identified for inclusion through a literature search. We summarize the secondary uses of FITBIR data, focusing on how many and which data sets were used, as well as the varied approaches to data use.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This review demonstrates successful use of existing TBI data to expand the knowledge base regarding diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes, and suggests promising potential for future harmonization and synthesis of available datasets.</p>","PeriodicalId":9082,"journal":{"name":"Brain injury","volume":" ","pages":"444-457"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146141186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refinement and validation of sources of reading self-efficacy scale for college and university students (SOURSES-C) in college students with concussion.","authors":"Yalian Pei, Katy H O'Brien","doi":"10.1080/02699052.2026.2625367","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02699052.2026.2625367","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to refine and validate the Sources of Reading Self-Efficacy Scale for College and University Students (SOURSES-C).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Using an iterative, user-informed approach grounded in Bandura's Sources of Self-Efficacy theory, the study proceeded in two phases. Phase 1 involved distributing the original scale via an online survey to college students with and without concussion, followed by interviews with students with concussion to guide item refinement. Phase 2 tested the revised SOURSES-C with new samples to evaluate its structural validity, convergent validity, and reliability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The SOURSES-C was refined to a 10-item scale with three components: Effort, Enjoyment, and Processing. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the three-component structure with structural invariance across students with and without concussion. The scale showed strong convergent validity through significant correlations with both reading performance and academic self-efficacy. Internal consistency was high for the total scale (Cronbach's α = .88) and each component: Effort (α = .90), Enjoyment (α = .83), and Processing (α = .75).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings support the SOURSES-C as a psychometrically sound tool for assessing reading self-efficacy in college students with concussion. With further validation, the scale shows promise as a measure that clinicians and educators can use to identify changes in reading self-efficacy following concussion and to evaluate the effectiveness of targeted interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9082,"journal":{"name":"Brain injury","volume":" ","pages":"468-479"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146141267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defining significant acute traumatic intracranial injuries in adult patients with traumatic brain injury: a narrative review.","authors":"Xavier Dubucs, Fabrice Bonneville, Romain Manet, Manon Juillaguet, Charles Henri Houze-Cerfon, Valérie Boucher, Sandrine Charpentier, Éric Mercier, Marcel Émond","doi":"10.1080/02699052.2026.2624613","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02699052.2026.2624613","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of research: </strong>The objectives of this narrative review were (1) to identify in recent literature the definition of a significant acute traumatic intracranial injury in adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and (2) to discuss the relevance of the elements within each definition.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature review was conducted to identify relevant publications from the past 25 years (2000-2025) including original research articles, systematic reviews, clinical guidelines, and consensus statements that addressed the concept of significant acute intracranial traumatic injuries.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>While the definition established during the development of the Canadian CT Head Rule remains the most widely utilized, its validity in aging populations is still uncertain. Currently, the BIG (uBIG, mBIG) criteria represent the most extensively validated classification systems. Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Risk Score and the QueBIC decision tool are the first rules specific to mild TBI, external validation is still required. Recent advancements in neuroimaging, such as the NIRIS, HITS, and SBNS TBI CT classifications, underscore the critical importance of precise lesion characterization. Positive correlation between biomarkers (GFAP and UCH-L1) and TBI severity is promising, further research is necessary to establish specific biomarker thresholds for identifying significant acute traumatic intracranial injuries.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To date, there is no contemporary consensus definition of a significant acute traumatic intracranial lesion in patients presenting with TBI. Several factors appear essential for defining a significant lesion, including comorbidities, clinical presentation, CT scan injury characteristics and biomarkers.</p>","PeriodicalId":9082,"journal":{"name":"Brain injury","volume":" ","pages":"431-443"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146117754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Head injuries in intimate partner violence: cognitive, motor, and psychiatric symptoms.","authors":"Natasha C Hughes, Tag Alsir Osama, Grant H Rigney, Jacob Jo, Kristen Williams, Scott L Zuckerman, Douglas P Terry","doi":"10.1080/02699052.2026.2628052","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02699052.2026.2628052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been associated with various adverse health outcomes, and these outcomes may be worse in those experiencing IPV-related head injuries. Cognitive, motor, and psychiatric symptoms associated with these exposures are incompletely understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional survey study, participants completed questionnaires assessing demographics, IPV-related exposure, depression, anxiety, cognitive, and neurobehavioral symptoms. Participants were stratified into groups 1) without IPV history ('controls,' <i>n</i> = 1032), 2) with IPV history without IPV-related head injury ('IPV-only,' <i>n</i> = 163), and 3) with IPV-related head injury ('IPV-HI,' <i>n</i> = 102). ANCOVAs and logistic regressions controlling for age, sex, and race were used for comparison with subsequent pairwise comparisons using Tukey's post-hoc and estimated marginal means.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>IPV groups had greater rates of all psychiatric conditions reported, general health problems including sleep difficulties and chronic pain, and motor symptoms (all <i>p</i> < 0.05). Compared to IPV-only, the IPV-HI group reported greater rates of migraines, chronic pain, and suicidal ideation, as well as greater anxiety, cognitive difficulties, and neurobehavioral symptoms (all <i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>IPV groups reported more health issues than controls, and those with IPV-HI had the greatest rates of general health, cognitive, psychiatric, and neurobehavioral difficulties. These findings provide novel insight into IPV and IPV-related head injury outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9082,"journal":{"name":"Brain injury","volume":" ","pages":"520-530"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146164126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/02699052.2026.2629693","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02699052.2026.2629693","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9082,"journal":{"name":"Brain injury","volume":" ","pages":"i"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146148999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Group differences in Functional-Independence-Measure outcomes for those discharged to home/community following inpatient-rehabilitation in a US national cohort of traumatic-brain-injury patients.","authors":"David S Kushner, Doug Johnson-Greene, Cheryl Miller","doi":"10.1080/02699052.2026.2626153","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02699052.2026.2626153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine group differences in Functional-Independence-Measure (FIM) outcomes associated with discharge to home/community following inpatient-rehabilitation-(IR) in a national cohort of Traumatic-Brain-Injury-(TBI) patients in the United States.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective-observational-cohort-study of 21,009 TBI patients admitted to IR 1/1/2015-9/30/2019, comparing discharge-destinations (community/home, skilled-nursing-facility-[SNF] or return-to-acute-care) by age, sex, and motor and cognitive FIM-scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>About 76% of TBI patients were discharged to home/community, mean-age = 71; average-LOS = 13.3 days, average-total-FIM-gain = 41; 11% discharged to SNFs, mean-age = 75, average-LOS = 18.6 days, total-FIM-gain = 30.7; 13% discharged back-to-acute-care-hospitals, mean-age = 68, LOS = 8.8 days, total-FIM-gain = 14.5. Community-discharge was associated with younger-age-(<i>p</i> < 0.001; F = 116.8), greater total-FIM-gain-mean of 40.65-(F = 3674; <i>p</i> < 0.001), and LOS-of-13.3 days-(F = 940; <i>p</i> < 0.001). Discharge to community was associated with greater FIM-gains for: bed/chair/wheelchair-transfers (F = 2378; <i>p</i> < 0.001), walking/wheelchair-locomotion (F = 3030; <i>p</i> < 0.001), bladder management/sphincter-control (F = 577.6; <i>p</i> < 0.001), and cognitive-skills-subtotals (F = 630.8; <i>p</i> < 0.001). Examining FIM discharge scores bed/chair/wheelchair transfers (F = 3210; <i>p</i> < 0.001), walking/wheelchair-locomotion (F = 7735; <i>p</i> < 0.001), bladder management/sphincter-control (F = 57852; <i>p</i> < 0.001), and cognitive-skills-subtotals (F = 13537; <i>p</i> < 0.001) were all associated with home/community discharge. Eta-square values show the greatest effect for discharge FIM walking/wheelchair-locomotion (.35) and for discharge FIM Bed/chair/wheelchair transfers (.32).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>FIM Gains, age, and LOS appear to have smaller effects on discharge disposition than Discharge FIM scores. Of the outcome measures examined, discharge FIM for walking/wheelchair-locomotion and bed/chair/wheelchair transfers-showed the largest group differences associated with discharge to the community followed by Discharge-FIM for bladder-management/sphincter control and cognitive-skills-subtotal score.</p>","PeriodicalId":9082,"journal":{"name":"Brain injury","volume":" ","pages":"514-519"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146155971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Objective oculomotor markers of mTBI: a three-timepoint case report.","authors":"Alice Cade, Kirk Stevens, Philip R K Turnbull","doi":"10.1080/02699052.2026.2651864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02699052.2026.2651864","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is typically assessed using subjective symptom reports, yet subtle neurophysiological disruption may persist beyond clinical recovery. Eye-tracking provides an objective index of cognitive, sensorimotor, and autonomic function, particularly when implemented in immersive three-dimensional (3D) virtual reality (VR). This case report describes changes in 3D VR eye-tracking before, immediately following, and with recovery from mTBI.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 49-year-old male completed baseline testing as part of a larger study, then sustained an mTBI 10 weeks later. Eye-tracking was repeated at 1 week ('Injury') and ~11 weeks post-injury ('Recovery'). The battery assessed fixation, pursuit, saccades, inhibitory control (anti-saccade and Stroop), vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR), egocentric localization, and pupillary light reflex (PLR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Injury-phase demonstrated widespread alterations in precision, inhibitory control, and autonomic metrics. Fixation BCEA increased 4.8-14.8%. Pursuit, fixation, and VOR error worsened. VOR gain worsened (1.04 to 0.79) but showed partial recovery (0.85). Anti-saccade accuracy declined (87.5% to 62.5%). Stroop accuracy improved; however, latency increased substantially, suggesting compensation. PLR constriction amplitude decreased by ~50%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case demonstrates multi-domain oculomotor disturbance post-mTBI, with persistent abnormalities despite symptom improvement. Immersive 3D VR eye-tracking may provide a sensitive, objective method for detecting neurophysiological dysfunction and monitoring recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":9082,"journal":{"name":"Brain injury","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147580423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patients' perspectives on causal relations among consequences of acquired brain injury in a neuropsychiatric population: a proof-of-concept network analysis.","authors":"Karen de Waele, Brenda van den Broek, Caroline M van Heugten, Boudewijn A A Bus, Sophie J M Rijnen","doi":"10.1080/02699052.2026.2647400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02699052.2026.2647400","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To explore perceived causal relations (PCRs) between aspects of mental functioning in individuals with ABI receiving care at a specialized neuropsychiatric facility.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fourteen individuals with ABI rated perceived causality between seven aspects of mental functioning (as outlined in the Brief International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Core Sets for Traumatic Brain Injury and for Neurological Conditions for Post-Acute Care) during a guided interview. A visual network of PCRs was constructed based on these ratings, and centrality measures were computed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Network analysis revealed strong PCRs among difficulties in energy and drive functions, emotional, and attention functions. Difficulties in energy and drive, as well as emotional functions, were perceived as central to the network, having the most pronounced influence on other aspects of mental functioning. In contrast, difficulties with attention functions were primarily perceived as caused by difficulties in other aspects of functioning.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study confirms proof-of-concept for the application of PCR methodology in individuals with ABI. Employing a network approach grounded in patients' self-reported perceptions to explore interconnections between consequences of ABI, provides unique insights into the lived experience of ABI. The findings suggest that addressing fatigue and emotional regulation may positively influence other symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":9082,"journal":{"name":"Brain injury","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147580475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}