Xun Wu, Shengnan Wu, Xiaolu Chen, Hua-Kuei Lin, E. Forsberg, Sailing He
{"title":"AN ULTRA-COMPACT AND REPRODUCIBLE FIBER TIP MICHELSON INTERFEROMETER FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE SENSING (invited)","authors":"Xun Wu, Shengnan Wu, Xiaolu Chen, Hua-Kuei Lin, E. Forsberg, Sailing He","doi":"10.2528/pier21102703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2528/pier21102703","url":null,"abstract":"An ultra-compact fiber tip Michelson interferometer (MI), primarily aimed for a reproducible and stable high-temperature sensing probe is developed and demonstrated. Both singlemode fiber (SMF) and polarization maintaining fiber (PMF) are considered and compared. The tip MI is fabricated by only using a one-step partial-polishing technique, which forms a half oblique and half vertical end face and functions as a beam splitter. A wide spectra analysis proved that the interferometer has an optical path difference (OPD) that is consistent across samples. When the lead-in fiber suffers from bending or twisting, the interference spectrum for the PMF case is more stable than that for the SMF case. Experimental results show a linear average temperature sensitivity of 15.15 pm/◦C in the range of 100◦C to 1000◦C for three tested PMF samples, and the difference between the sensitivities of the samples is less than 4.0%. The ease of fabrication, highly compact structure, reproducibility, and excellent resistance to mechanical disturbance performance suggest that the proposed PMF tip MI is highly promising as a high temperature sensing probe with high spatial resolution.","PeriodicalId":90705,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium : [proceedings]. Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87310071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CALCULATIONS OF BANDS AND BAND FIELD SOLUTIONS IN TOPOLOGICAL ACOUSTICS USING THE BROADBAND GREEN'S FUNCTION-KKR-MULTIPLE SCATTERING METHOD","authors":"L. Tsang, T. Liao, Shurun Tan","doi":"10.2528/pier21081706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2528/pier21081706","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we apply the BBGF-KKR-MST (Broadband Green’s function-KKR-Multiple Scattering Theory) to calculate Band Structures and Band Field Solutions in topological acoustics. A feature of BBGF is that the lattice Green’s functions are broadband, and the transformations to cylindrical waves are calculated rapidly for many frequencies for speedy calculation of the determinant of the KKR equation. For the two bands of interest, only 5 cylindrical waves are sufficient so that the dimension of the eigenvalue matrix equation is only 5. The CPU time requirement, including setup and using MATLAB on a standard laptop, is 5 milliseconds for a band eigenvalue. Using the eigenvalue and scattered field eigenvector, the field in the cell is calculated by higher order cylindrical waves. The exciting field of higher order cylindrical waves requires only 11 coefficients to represent the band field solutions in the cell. Comparisons are made with the results of the volume integral equation method and the commercial software COMSOL. The BBGF-KKR-MST method is significantly faster.","PeriodicalId":90705,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium : [proceedings]. Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86392001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Hao, Xuehong Ran, Yihao Tang, Sen Zheng, Wei Ruan
{"title":"A SINGLE-LAYER FOCUSING METASURFACE BASED ON INDUCED MAGNETISM","authors":"H. Hao, Xuehong Ran, Yihao Tang, Sen Zheng, Wei Ruan","doi":"10.2528/pier21111601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2528/pier21111601","url":null,"abstract":"A transmissive single-layer Huygens unit cell based on induced magnetism is proposed to design low-profile and multi-focus metasurface. The Huygens unit cell consists of a pair of antisymmetric metal elements and a dielectric substrate with only 1.2mm thickness (λ0/6.8 at 37GHz). The surface currents flowing in the opposite directions form the circulating electric currents to induce the magnetic currents orthogonal to the electric currents. The full coverage of 2π phase is achieved through optimizing the parameters of the metal elements, which solves the problem of the incomplete phase coverage caused by layer number reduction. With Holographic theory, the compensating phase distribution on the metasurface is calculated. The incident plane wave can be converged to designated points in any desired fashion including focal number, location, and intensity distribution, which exhibits outstanding manipulation capability. As the simulations and measured results show, the designed metasurface can achieve good multi-focus focusing characteristics. The focusing efficiency at the center frequency is 43.78%, and the relative bandwidth with 20% focusing efficiency exceeds 20%. The designed metasurface has the advantages of low profile, simple processing, and high efficiency, which has a wide range of application prospects in the fields of millimeter wave imaging, biomedical diagnosis and detection.","PeriodicalId":90705,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium : [proceedings]. Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78607694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"MULTIMODAL 2.5D CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK FOR DIAGNOSIS OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE WITH MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING AND POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY","authors":"Xuyang Zhang, Weiming Lin, Min Xiao, Huazhi Ji","doi":"10.2528/pier21051102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2528/pier21051102","url":null,"abstract":"Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a degenerative disease of the nervous system that often occurs in the elderly. As magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) reflect the brain’s anatomical changes and functional changes caused by AD, they are often used to diagnose AD. Multimodal fusion based on these two types of images can effectively utilize complementary information and improve diagnostic performance. To avoid the computational complexity of the 3D image and expand training samples, this study designed an AD diagnosis framework based on a 2.5D convolutional neural network (CNN) to fuse multimodal data. First, MRI and PET were preprocessed with skull stripping and registration. After that, multiple 2.5D patches were extracted within the hippocampus regions from both MRI and PET. Then, we constructed a multimodal 2.5D CNN to integrate the multimodal information fromMRI and PET patches. We also utilized a training strategy called branches pre-training to enhance the feature extraction ability of the 2.5D CNN by pre-training two branches with corresponding modalities individually. Finally, the results of patches are used to diagnose AD and progressive mild cognitive impairment (pMCI) patients from normal controls (NC). The experiments were conducted with the ADNI dataset, and accuracies of 92.89% and 84.07% were achieved in the AD vs. NC and pMCI vs. NC tasks. The results are much better than using single modality and indicate that the proposed multimodal 2.5D CNN could effectively integrate complementary information from multi-modality and yield a promising AD diagnosis performance.","PeriodicalId":90705,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium : [proceedings]. Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87467860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"SELF-DUAL BOUNDARY CONDITIONS IN ELECTROMAGNETICS","authors":"I. Lindell, A. Sihvola","doi":"10.2528/pier20031008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2528/pier20031008","url":null,"abstract":"Invariance in duality transformation, the self-dual property, has important applications in electromagnetic engineering. In the present paper, the problem of most general linear and local boundary conditions with self-dual property is studied. Expressing the boundary conditions in terms of a generalized impedance dyadic, the self-dual boundaries fall in two sets depending on symmetry or antisymmetry of the impedance dyadic. Previously known cases are found to appear as special cases of the general theory. Plane-wave reflection from boundaries defined by each of the two cases of self-dual conditions are analyzed and waves matched to the corresponding boundaries are determined. As a numerical example, reflection from a special case, the self-dual EH boundary, is computed for two planes of incidence.","PeriodicalId":90705,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium : [proceedings]. Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84131782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Lovat, P. Burghignoli, R. Araneo, S. Celozzi, A. Andreotti, D. Assante, L. Verolino
{"title":"SHIELDING OF AN IMPERFECT METALLIC THIN CIRCULAR DISK: EXACT AND LOW-FREQUENCY ANALYTICAL SOLUTION","authors":"G. Lovat, P. Burghignoli, R. Araneo, S. Celozzi, A. Andreotti, D. Assante, L. Verolino","doi":"10.2528/PIER19090908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2528/PIER19090908","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of evaluating the shielding effectiveness of a thin metallic circular disk with finite conductivity against an axially symmetric vertical magnetic dipole is addressed. First, the thin metallic disk is modeled through an appropriate boundary condition, and then, as for the perfectly conducting counterpart, the problem is reduced to a set of dual integral equations which are solved in an exact form through the application of the Galerkin method in the Hankel transform domain. A second-kind Fredholm infinite matrix-operator equation is obtained by selecting a suitable set of basis functions. A low-frequency solution is finally extracted in a closed form. Through a comparison with results obtained from a full-wave commercial software, it is shown that such a simple approximate solution is accurate up to the frequency where the surface-impedance model of the thin disk is valid.","PeriodicalId":90705,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium : [proceedings]. Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84283569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tengfei Ma, Hailong Lyu, Jingjing Liu, Yuting Xia, C. Qian, Julian S Evans, Wei-juan Xu, Jianbo Hu, Shao-hua Hu, and Sailing He
{"title":"DISTINGUISHING BIPOLAR DEPRESSION FROM MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER USING FNIRS AND DEEP NEURAL NETWORK","authors":"Tengfei Ma, Hailong Lyu, Jingjing Liu, Yuting Xia, C. Qian, Julian S Evans, Wei-juan Xu, Jianbo Hu, Shao-hua Hu, and Sailing He","doi":"10.2528/pier20102202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2528/pier20102202","url":null,"abstract":"A variety of psychological scales are utilized at present as the most important basis for clinical diagnosis of mood disorders. An experienced psychiatrist assesses and diagnoses mood disorders based on clinical symptoms and relevant assessment scores. This symptom based clinical criterion is limited by the psychiatrist’s experience. In practice, it is difficult to distinguish the patients with bipolar disorder with depression episode (bipolar depression, BD) from those with major depressive disorder (MDD). The functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) technology is commonly used to perceive the emotions of a human. It measures the hemodynamic parameters of the brain, which correlate with cerebral activation. Here, we propose a machine learning classification method based on deep neural network for the brain activations of mood disorders. Large time scale connectivity is determined using an attention long short term memory neural network and short-time feature information are considered using the InceptionTime neural network in this method. Our combined method is referred to as AttentionLSTM-InceptionTime (ALSTMIT). We collected fNIRS data of 36 MDD patients and 48 BD patients who were in the depressed state. All the patients were monitored by fNIRS during conducting the verbal fluency task (VFT). We trained the model with the ALSTMIT network. The algorithm can distinguish the two types of patients effectively: the average accuracy of classification on the test set can reach 96.2% stably. The classification can provide an objective diagnosis tool for clinicians, and this algorithm may be critical for the early detection and precise treatment for the patients with mood disorders.","PeriodicalId":90705,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium : [proceedings]. Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86890173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"INVESTIGATION OF NEW SECTORED HEMISPHERICAL DIELECTRIC RESONATOR ANTENNAS OPERATING AT TM101 AND TE111 MODE FOR CIRCULAR POLARIZATION","authors":"R. Chowdhury, R. Chaudhary","doi":"10.2528/pier20041601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2528/pier20041601","url":null,"abstract":"—This article discusses the effect of sectorization technique in a hemispherical dielectric resonator antenna (HDRA) for the first time with its significant effects on electromagnetic modes and various antenna parameters. The sector angle ( β ) forms an additional framework for better optimization of HDRA. The resonance frequency, impedance bandwidth, co-cross polarization characteristics have been investigated in new sectored HDRA geometries excited at their TE 111 and TM 101 modes. Further, examination of circular polarization (CP) is carried out by detuning of degenerate orthogonal modes in HDRAs, and β = 180 ◦ has been particularly examined in details for CP. Based on the results, appropriate values of ‘ β ’ and probe position ( P r ) are chosen followed by modelling a prototype and experimental.","PeriodicalId":90705,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium : [proceedings]. Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74147898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huanting Huang, L. Tsang, A. Colliander, R. Shah, Xiaolan Xu, S. Yueh
{"title":"MULTIPLE SCATTERING OF WAVES BY COMPLEX OBJECTS USING HYBRID METHOD OF T-MATRIX AND FOLDY-LAX EQUATIONS USING VECTOR SPHERICAL WAVES AND VECTOR SPHEROIDAL WAVES","authors":"Huanting Huang, L. Tsang, A. Colliander, R. Shah, Xiaolan Xu, S. Yueh","doi":"10.2528/pier20080409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2528/pier20080409","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we develop numerical methods for using vector spherical and spheroidal waves in the hybrid method to calculate the multiple scattering of objects of complex shapes, based on the rigorous solutions of Maxwell equations in the form of Foldy-Lax multiple scattering equations (FL). The steps in the hybrid method are: (1) calculating the T -matrix of each single object using vector spherical/spheroidal waves and (2) vector spherical/spheroidal waves addition theorem. We utilize the commercial software HFSS to calculate the scattered fields of a complex object on the circumscribing sphere or spheroid for multiple incidences and polarizations. The T -matrix of spherical waves or spheroidal waves are then obtained from these scattered fields. To perform wave transformations (i.e., addition theorem) for vector spherical/spheroidal waves, we develop robust numerical methods. Numerical results are illustrated for T-matrices and numerical vector addition theorems.","PeriodicalId":90705,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium : [proceedings]. Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90780264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jianfang Zheng, J. Ala-Laurinaho, Z. Taylor, A. Räisänen
{"title":"ONE-ANTENNA RADIATION PATTERN MEASUREMENT OF ON-WAFER ANTENNAS IN PROBE STATION ENVIRONMENT","authors":"Jianfang Zheng, J. Ala-Laurinaho, Z. Taylor, A. Räisänen","doi":"10.2528/PIER19121807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2528/PIER19121807","url":null,"abstract":"—We propose and demonstrate the use of radiation pattern measurement method for on-wafer antennas for the first time that is capable of in-depth antenna characterization with limited equipment. This one-antenna method extracts gain without the need for a second antenna in the on-wafer probe station environment. A combination of reference reflector translation and rotation allows radiation pattern sampling at multiple angles enabling characterization over the relevant solid angle. Several microstrip patch antennas with varying beam directions (0 ◦ , 20 ◦ , and 30 ◦ ) were measured with the proposed method over 120 ◦ in the H -plane with good agreement between simulation and experiment. The method offers a cost-effective and time-efficient solution for probe-fed, on-wafer antenna radiation performance characterization.","PeriodicalId":90705,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium : [proceedings]. Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83662678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}