BMJ Paediatrics Open最新文献

{"title":"Integrating health care and early years support for children and young people living in deprivation: a cost-effectiveness analysis of the Sparkbrook Children's Zone integrated clinic versus usual primary care in Birmingham, UK.","authors":"Melyda Melyda, Mark Monahan, Christopher Bird, Tracy Roberts, Lorraine Harper, Ian Litchfield","doi":"10.1136/bmjpo-2024-003249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2024-003249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Increased use of emergency and secondary care by children and young people, especially in deprived populations, drives increased costs in health and social care systems in rich country settings, without necessarily delivering quality care. This study aims to assess the potential cost-effectiveness of the Sparkbrook Children's Zone (SCZ), a pilot clinic for children and young people which integrates health and early years support in a highly deprived area of Birmingham, the UK's second city, compared with standard primary care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A decision-analytic model taking a healthcare and partial social care perspective was developed using the best available, though limited, evidence from aggregated data of an ongoing pilot, published literature, expert opinions and assumptions. Effectiveness was measured as a proportion of patients attending the emergency department (ED). Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the impact of parameter uncertainties.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The integrated SCZ clinic may potentially be cost-effective based on this preliminary model-based analysis. The SCZ had a lower proportion of patients attending ED, 0.017 compared with 0.029 for standard primary care, reducing the proportion of ED visits by 0.012. The average cost of SCZ was £66.22 compared with £110.36 for standard primary care, leading to a cost saving of £44.08 per patient. This potential reduction in total costs resulted from fewer referrals to children's social care and secondary medical services, including the ED. Extensive sensitivity analysis supported the indications that the intervention was likely to be cost-effective.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The SCZ shows the potential that integrating health and social care that is place-based is potentially cost-effective, with its early years support likely enhancing the cost-effectiveness of the intervention compared with standard primary care. Further robust data and trial evaluation are essential to confirm these findings, ensuring the scalability and sustainability of such programmes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9069,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Paediatrics Open","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11997829/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143973716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of positional management and milk type on digestive health: a retrospective randomised controlled study on colic in preterm infants.","authors":"Yan Xing, Jiahai Shi","doi":"10.1136/bmjpo-2024-002951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2024-002951","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Preterm infant colic can cause significant distress to the parents. The paediatrics department of the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University sees an average of approximately 300 outpatient children per day, and an average of about 180 preterm infants are hospitalised annually due to colic.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess the relevance of positional management and milk type management to colic in preterm infants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>313 cases of preterm infants who underwent colic treatment in the paediatric department of Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University from February 2021 to December 2022 were taken as the study subjects. 125 cases participated in positional management, while 188 cases participated in milk type management, and the samples were not duplicated between the two groups. The positional management was divided into lateral group, kangaroo care group, supine group, flexed group and prone group, and the milk type management was divided into human milk group, formula group and mixed group. A p value of <0.05 difference was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a statistically significant difference in the degree of colic and type of stool in position management (p<0.05), with the best performance in the kangaroo care group. There was a statistically significant difference in the degree of colic and type of stools in milk type management (p<0.05), with the human milk group performing the best.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>For preterm infants with colic, kangaroo care may offer potential advantages, and human milk is also recommended whenever possible.</p>","PeriodicalId":9069,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Paediatrics Open","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11987123/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143953369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in preventive practices against diarrhoeal disease among under-five children: experience from the largest diarrhoeal disease hospital in Bangladesh.","authors":"Asif Md Rezaur Rahman, Md Ridwan Islam, Syed Jayedul Bashar, Md Fuad Al Fidah, Rukaeya Amin, Md Mushfiqur Rahman, Asg Faruque, Mohammod Jobayer Chisti, Tahmeed Ahmed, Sharika Nuzhat","doi":"10.1136/bmjpo-2024-003259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2024-003259","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The burden of childhood diarrhoea remains one of the most important public health problems in countries like Bangladesh, which can be reduced by effective preventive measures. We aimed to investigate the trends in preventive measures practised among under five children with diarrhoea over the last 12 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data was extracted from the Diarrhoeal Disease Surveillance System at Dhaka Hospital for the period 2012-2023. STATA 15 was used for analysis. We used the Joncheere-Terpstra trend test to examine the trend in preventive measures against diarrhoea and the slope index of inequality (SII) to determine their association with the wealth index.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Among 20 373 participants, 61.0% were male, with a median (IQR) age of 11 months (8.0-16.0). Most (88.3%) had access to sanitary latrines, and 40.3% of households consumed boiled or filtered water. We found that 50.3% children aged 6-59 months received vitamin A, and 88.4% of children >9 months had measles vaccination. Breastfeeding practices were observed in 17.8% of the children. Significant upward trends were observed for sanitary latrine use and measles vaccination (p<0.001). Receiving vitamin A supplementation and boiled/filtered water consumption showed a declining trend (p<0.001). Parental education and maternal media exposure were found to be significantly associated with the preventive measures (p<0.05). The wealth index showed a significant association with vitamin A supplementation (p<0.01). However, SII does not indicate inequality between the groups. We found that children from wealthier quintile families had a significantly higher rate of measles immunisation, as indicated by the SII (p value=0.039).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Improving practices of preventive measures can significantly reduce diarrhoeal diseases among children under five. Emphasis should be placed on vitamin A supplementation and the consumption of boiled or filtered water. A targeted approach is essential, including promoting health education, enhancing health awareness, and increasing media exposure for mothers.</p>","PeriodicalId":9069,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Paediatrics Open","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11979600/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143960838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond cigarettes: waterpipe tobacco use as a key driver of paediatric asthma in Jordan.","authors":"Jomana W Alsulaiman, Suhaib Yehya, Khalid A Kheirallah, Ahmad Alrawashdeh, Mohammad Wahsheh, Abdallah Fraij, Dana Herzallah, Mutaz Albelbisi, Roaa Al-Refae, Shatha AbuHmaid, Yazan Al-Resheq","doi":"10.1136/bmjpo-2024-003208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2024-003208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Asthma is a prevalent chronic disease among children worldwide. Exposure to parental environmental tobacco smoke is a known risk factor for paediatric asthma, but the specific impact of different tobacco products, such as waterpipe, is not well established. In Jordan, where waterpipe smoking is culturally accepted and widespread, understanding its association with childhood asthma is critical. This study aimed to assess the association between parental tobacco use-particularly waterpipe smoking-and the presence of physician-diagnosed paediatric asthma in Jordan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A hospital-based case-control study was conducted at Princess Rahma Pediatric Hospital in Irbid, Jordan, from March to May 2023. A total of 360 children participated, including 180 cases with physician-diagnosed asthma and 180 controls without asthma. Data were collected through structured interviews with parents, gathering information on sociodemographic factors, parental tobacco use (cigarettes, waterpipe, e-cigarettes), maternal tobacco exposure during pregnancy, and growth parameters. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify associations between parental tobacco use and paediatric asthma, adjusting for potential confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Boys were significantly more likely to have asthma than girls (adjusted OR (AOR) = 2.13; 95% CI: 1.34 to 3.40). Parental waterpipe smoking was significantly associated with increased odds of paediatric asthma (AOR = 2.55; 95% CI: 1.40 to 4.65). Maternal tobacco exposure during pregnancy nearly tripled the risk of asthma in children (AOR = 2.83; 95% CI: 1.58 to 5.09). Parental cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use were not significantly associated with asthma in children.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Parental waterpipe smoking is a significant risk factor for physician-diagnosed paediatric asthma in Jordan. These findings underscore the urgent need for public health interventions targeting waterpipe smoking among parents, especially pregnant women, to reduce the risk of asthma in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":9069,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Paediatrics Open","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11979597/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143978669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Faecal impaction in children aged 0-18 years: a systematic review and metanarrative analysis of definitions used.","authors":"Morris Gordon, Amber Balda, Samantha Arrizabalo, Vassiliki Sinopoulou, Stephanie Batarseh, Jina Shargawi, Carlo Di Lorenzo, Marc A Benninga, Merit Tabbers, Miguel Saps","doi":"10.1136/bmjpo-2024-003085","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjpo-2024-003085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Faecal impaction is the result of functional constipation in the majority of cases. Surprisingly, a uniform definition for the term faecal impaction is lacking, leading to heterogeneity across study results.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To conduct a metanarrative systematic review to ascertain how trial studies define faecal impaction among children aged 0-18 years with functional constipation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic metanarrative review to uncover what criteria are used to define faecal impaction and to recommend directions for creating a globally accepted definition. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using prominent databases, including CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, WHO ICTR (international clinical trials registry) and ClinicalTrials.gov. All relevant publications of RCTs on both faecal impaction and functional constipation from inception to June 2024, including children aged 0-18 years without underlying organic aetiology, were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>6211 studies were screened, of which 155 were reviewed for eligibility, 76 were included in the review and five are awaiting classification. Seven studies gave an explicit definition, with three referencing a previous consensus definition. 45 studies gave an implicit definition derived from their prescreening or exclusion criteria in a larger piece of research. Clinical assessment was the most common element of definitions, with a mixture of abdominal or rectal assessments reported in 44 studies. A further six studies suggested such clinical assessments are combined with radiographs, and one study reported a definition using radiographs alone. One study reported the duration of symptoms in a definition.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is a clear lack of consensus for defining faecal impaction in children with functional constipation. Despite the clinical, diagnostic and prognostic importance of having a unified definition of faecal impaction, currently there seems to be no universally accepted definition.</p>","PeriodicalId":9069,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Paediatrics Open","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11977476/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143802479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organisation of paediatric primary care and access to emergency room: an observational study in Italy.","authors":"Letizia Bartolini, Laura Bonvicini, Romano Manzotti, Annalisa Zini, Chiara Longagnani, Massimo Quattropani, Paolo Giorgi Rossi, Giulio Formoso","doi":"10.1136/bmjpo-2024-003143","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjpo-2024-003143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ease of access to primary care may be inversely related to non-emergency access to emergency room services (ERS). We assessed whether patients of general paediatricians working in networks have reduced the use of ERS in an Italian province. In 9 months, overall rates of visits and repeated ER visits were numerically higher for patients of solo paediatricians than for those of paediatricians working in networks. However, in our sample, the reduction of the corresponding adjusted risks was not statistically significant most of the time. Further research should assess whether organisational factors are associated with the risk of using ERS inappropriately.</p>","PeriodicalId":9069,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Paediatrics Open","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11977479/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143802481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safeguarding children on Welsh roads: the 20 mph policy and the road ahead.","authors":"Samantha Turner, Theodora Pouliou, Richard Fry, Ian Walker, Ben Beck, Oliver Thwaites, Ronan A Lyons","doi":"10.1136/bmjpo-2024-003274","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjpo-2024-003274","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9069,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Paediatrics Open","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11973747/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143787768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of persisting symptoms after concussion in children following a traumatic brain injury: a longitudinal retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Rebecca Wilson, Joni Jackson, Kate Birnie, Sharea Ijaz, Matthew Booker, Alex Burrell, Giles Haythornthwaite, Jialan Hong, Mark D Lyttle, Lucy Pocock, Lauren J Scott, Cathy Williams, Ingram Wright, Jelena Savovic, Julie Mytton, Maria Theresa Redaniel","doi":"10.1136/bmjpo-2024-003036","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjpo-2024-003036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To identify predictors of persisting symptoms after concussion (PSaC) in children, following any medically attended traumatic brain injury (TBI).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Linked primary and secondary care data from UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink and Hospital Episode Statistics.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Children aged 1-17 years with a medically attended TBI between 2013 and 2017.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measure: </strong>A binary indicator of PSaC or suspected PSaC, measured using either a clinical code for PSaC or medical attendances for one or more PSaC symptoms 3-12 months after TBI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 137 873 children with a TBI; 4620 (3.4%) had PSaC or suspected PSaC. More females (3.8%) had PSaC than males (3.1%). Those with PSaC were older at the time of TBI compared with those without PSaC (8 vs 5.5 years). In a multivariable logistic regression model, older age (OR =1.02 per year increase in age, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.03), female sex (OR=1.20, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.28), being Asian (OR=1.37, 95% CI 1.22 to 1.54) or mixed ethnicity (OR=1.18, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.37) (compared with white ethnicity), having a history of headaches (OR=3.52, 95% CI 3.13 to 3.95), learning disabilities (OR=2.06, 95% CI 1.69 to 2.52), ADHD (OR=2.41, 95% CI 1.91 to 3.04), anxiety (OR=2.58, 95% CI 2.18 to 3.05), depression (OR=4.00, 95% CI 3.28 to 4.89) or sleep disorders (OR=2.35, 95% CI 1.99 to 2.78) were associated with increased odds of PSaC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results may be used to identify children more likely to develop PSaC following a TBI and those who may benefit from targeted healthcare for PSaC symptoms. Identifying cases of PSaC in primary care data was challenging as perhaps many children do not attend services for suspected PSaC or, if they did, are not diagnosed with PSaC. Furthermore, the clinical predictors are a measure of healthcare access for these symptoms; thus, results could be influenced by patient or carer's health-seeking behaviour.</p>","PeriodicalId":9069,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Paediatrics Open","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11973773/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143787759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relative age as a risk factor for psychiatric diagnoses in children born preterm and to term: a cohort study.","authors":"Christine Strand Bachmann, Kari Risnes, Johan Håkon Bjørngaard, Jorun Schei, Sara Marie Nilsen, Kristine Pape","doi":"10.1136/bmjpo-2024-003186","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjpo-2024-003186","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess relative age effects (how the youngest children in a school class are at increased risk compared with their older classmates) on healthcare use with psychiatric diagnoses in childhood and adolescence within preterm and term-born boys and girls.</p><p><strong>Design/setting/patients: </strong>Registry-based cohort study including individuals born in Norway from 1991 to 2012 with follow-up data from the National Patient Registry from 2008 to 2017 when they were aged between 4 and 18 years.</p><p><strong>Exposures: </strong>Relative age was defined according to birth month and grouped in four 3-month periods. Gestational age at birth (GA week+days) was categorised into preterm (GA 23+0-36+6) and term (GA 37+0-41+6).</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>The presence of psychiatric diagnoses (any diagnosis and specific diagnosis groups according to ICD-10) in data from specialist healthcare contacts at different ages during follow-up was compared between relative age groups in preterm and term born using generalised estimating equation logistic regression analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 1 109 411 individuals, 7% were born preterm. Relative age effects for psychiatric diagnosis and specific diagnosis groups were seen for both preterm and term-born boys and girls, with the strongest estimates for any psychiatric diagnosis in the relatively younger preterm girls born in October-December, compared with the relatively older preterm girls born in January-March (OR 1.43 (95% CI 1.25 to 1.63) at ages 4-10 years).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Relative age effects were widely demonstrated for healthcare use with psychiatric diagnoses within term and preterm born, for both girls and boys. The excess risk for those born late in the year added to already existing adversity in children born preterm, emphasising the need for additional consideration related to school and societal structures.</p>","PeriodicalId":9069,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Paediatrics Open","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11973766/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143787764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bahir Dar Child Development Cross-Sectional Study, Ethiopia: study protocol.","authors":"Sarah K G Jensen, Kalkidan Yibeltal, Krysten North, Firehiwot Workneh, Atsede Teklehaimanot, Betelhem Haimanot Abate, Nebiyou Fasil, Tizita Lemma Melka, Theresa I Chin, Lian V Folger, Unmesha Roy Paladhi, Fred Van Dyk, Moriah E Thomason, Patricia Ellen Grant, Terrie Inder, Alemayehu Worku, Yemane Berhane, Anne Cc Lee","doi":"10.1136/bmjpo-2024-003173","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjpo-2024-003173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Foundational preacademic skills are crucial for academic success and serve as predictors of socioeconomic status, income and access to healthcare. However, there is a gap in our understanding of neurodevelopmental patterns underlying preacademic skills in children across low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). It is essential to identify primary global and regional factors that drive children's neurodevelopment in LMICs. This study aims to characterise the typical development of healthy children and factors that influence child development in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods and analysis: </strong>The Bahir Dar Child Development Study is a cross-sectional study implemented in two health centres, Shimbit and Abaymado and in Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (FHCSH) in Bahir Dar, Amhara, Ethiopia. Healthy children between 6 and 60 months of age will be recruited from the health centres during vaccination visits or via community outreach. Young children aged 6-36 months will complete the Global Scale for Early Development. A battery of paper and tablet-based assessments of neurocognitive outcomes including visual and verbal reasoning, executive functions and school readiness will be completed for children aged 48-60 months. Caregivers will respond to surveys covering sociodemographic information, the child's medical history and nutrition, and psychosocial experiences including parental stress and mental health. During a second visit, participants will undergo a low-field MRI scan using the ultra-low-field point-of-care Hyperfine MRI machine at FHCSH. Analyses will examine relationships between risk and protective factors, brain volumes and neurocognitive/developmental outcomes.</p><p><strong>Ethics and dissemination: </strong>The study is approved by the Institutional Review Boards of Addis Continental Institute of Public Health (ACIPH/lRERC/004/2023/Al/05-2024), Mass General Brigham Hospital (2022P002539) and Brown University (STUDY00000474). Findings will be disseminated via local dissemination events, international conferences and publications.</p><p><strong>Trial registeration number: </strong>NCT06648863.</p>","PeriodicalId":9069,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Paediatrics Open","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11969594/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}