Gravitational and space research : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research最新文献_第9页

Comparative Toxicity of Lunar, Martian Dust Simulants, and Urban Dust in Human Skin Fibroblast Cells 月球、火星尘埃模拟物和城市尘埃对人体皮肤成纤维细胞的毒性比较

Gravitational and space research : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research Pub Date : 2015-07-01 DOI: 10.2478/gsr-2015-0005

J. Wise, Hong Xie, J. Wise, Michael Mason, A. Jeevarajan, W. Wallace, J. Wise

{"title":"Comparative Toxicity of Lunar, Martian Dust Simulants, and Urban Dust in Human Skin Fibroblast Cells","authors":"J. Wise, Hong Xie, J. Wise, Michael Mason, A. Jeevarajan, W. Wallace, J. Wise","doi":"10.2478/gsr-2015-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/gsr-2015-0005","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has plans to further their manned space exploration to Mars and possibly beyond. The potential toxicity of lunar and Martian dusts to astronauts is a big concern. Primary routes of exposure for astronauts are dermal contact, ocular contact, and inhalation. In this study, we focused on dermal contact exposure using human skin cells to investigate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of two fractions of lunar dust simulant (JSC-1A-vf, JSC-1A-f) and a Mars dust simulant (Mars-1A), and compared them to urban dust (urban particulate matter), as urban dust toxicity is better understood and thus, provides a good comparison. Our data show the three simulants and urban dust are cytotoxic to human skin cells. The JSC-1A-vf lunar dust simulant is more cytotoxic than the JSC-1A-f and urban dust. Urban dust cytotoxicity is similar to Mars dust simulant after 120 h exposure. All three dust simulants and urban dust show similar low genotoxicity effects. Our data suggest extraterrestrial dust can damage skin cells and may have the potential to be harmful to humans.","PeriodicalId":90510,"journal":{"name":"Gravitational and space research : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90547842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

A Balloon-Based Payload for Exposing Microorganisms in the Stratosphere (E-MIST) 基于气球的平流层微生物暴露载荷(E-MIST)

Gravitational and space research : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/gsr-2014-0019

David J. Smith, Prital J. Thakrar, Anthony E. Bharrat, A. Dokos, T. Kinney, Leandro M. James, M. Lane, Christina L. M. Khodadad, F. Maguire, P. R. Maloney, Nicole L. Dawkins

{"title":"A Balloon-Based Payload for Exposing Microorganisms in the Stratosphere (E-MIST)","authors":"David J. Smith, Prital J. Thakrar, Anthony E. Bharrat, A. Dokos, T. Kinney, Leandro M. James, M. Lane, Christina L. M. Khodadad, F. Maguire, P. R. Maloney, Nicole L. Dawkins","doi":"10.2478/gsr-2014-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/gsr-2014-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The survival and transit of microorganisms in Earth's upper atmosphere is relevant to terrestrial ecology and astrobiology, but the topic is understudied due to a scarcity of suitable flight systems. We designed, built, and flew a self-contained payload, Exposing Microorganisms in the Stratosphere (E-MIST), on a large scientific balloon launched from New Mexico on 24 August 2014. The payload carried Bacillus pumilus SAFR-032, a highly-resilient spore-forming bacterial strain originally isolated from a NASA spacecraft assembly facility. Our test flight evaluated E-MIST functionality in the stratosphere, including microbiological procedures and overall instrument performance. Herein, we summarize features of the E-MIST payload, protocols, and preliminary results that indicate it is possible to conduct a tightly-controlled microbiological experiment in the stratosphere while collecting pertinent environmental data. Additional studies of this nature may permit survival models for microbes traveling through Earth's harsh upper atmosphere. Moreover, measuring the endurance of spacecraft-associated microbes at extreme altitudes may help predict their response on the surface of Mars.","PeriodicalId":90510,"journal":{"name":"Gravitational and space research : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77340634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Calcium Oxalate Crystal Yield in Various Gravity Environments 不同重力环境下草酸钙晶体产量

Gravitational and space research : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/gsr-2014-0013

R. Egusquiza, Robert Benjamin Runyon, Jordan Ringel, Craig Wayne Cole Seber, Gonzalo Leyva, Jose Correa, Coulibaly Datoliban Roland, Mujahid Umar, Ming Xiao, J. Bushoven, J. J. Goto

引用次数: 0

Off-Vertical Axis Rotational Assessment of Transdermal Scopolamine for Motion Sickness Prophylaxis 经皮东莨菪碱预防晕车的非垂直轴旋转评估

Gravitational and space research : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/gsr-2014-0014

D. Woodard, G. Knox, S. Wood, Cathy P. DiBiase

{"title":"Off-Vertical Axis Rotational Assessment of Transdermal Scopolamine for Motion Sickness Prophylaxis","authors":"D. Woodard, G. Knox, S. Wood, Cathy P. DiBiase","doi":"10.2478/gsr-2014-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/gsr-2014-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The objectives of this study were to evaluate transdermal scopolamine for motion sickness prophylaxis, and to evaluate off-vertical axis rotation (OVAR) as a laboratory model of motion sickness. This was a randomized, prospective, double-blind study design, set in a vestibular research laboratory. The experimental subjects consisted of 12 patients – 7 male, 5 female – ages 21 to 57, with normal auditory/vestibular function. The intervention was off-vertical axis rotation 20 degrees in the dark after administration of transdermal scopolamine or placebo. The main outcome measures were time duration of tolerated off-vertical rotation, and subjective symptom reporting during rotation at one-minute intervals on a 0–4 scale. Results were as follows: patients treated with transdermal scopolamine had statistically significant improved tolerance time to off-vertical axis rotation. Reported symptom-atology on the 0–4 subjective symptom scale was significantly improved, as compared to placebo, and was dose-dependent. Conclusions are as follows: off-vertical axis rotation is a useful modality for the evaluation of motion sickness medications. Transdermal scopolamine showed statistically significant dose-dependent effects in mitigating OVAR-induced motion sickness symptomatology and was well tolerated.","PeriodicalId":90510,"journal":{"name":"Gravitational and space research : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90787672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Study of Initial Colonization by Environmental Microorganisms in the Russian Segment of the International Space Station (ISS) 国际空间站俄罗斯段环境微生物初始定植的研究

Gravitational and space research : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/gsr-2014-0012

U. Reidt, A. Helwig, L. Plobner, Veronika Lugmayr, Ulrich Treutlein, S. Kharin, Yu.I. Smirnov, N. Novikova, J. Lenic, V. Fetter, T. Hummel

引用次数: 8

Suborbital Vehicles to Study Transition Adaptation to Spaceflight – Why Biologists Should Care About the New Suborbital Flight Opportunities 亚轨道飞行器研究过渡适应太空飞行-为什么生物学家应该关心新的亚轨道飞行机会

Gravitational and space research : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/gsr-2014-0016

R. Ferl

{"title":"Suborbital Vehicles to Study Transition Adaptation to Spaceflight – Why Biologists Should Care About the New Suborbital Flight Opportunities","authors":"R. Ferl","doi":"10.2478/gsr-2014-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/gsr-2014-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The advent of the new generation of suborbital space vehicles is opening up a new and exciting realm of space science that should be of great interest to biologists. These vehicles make it possible to explore biological responses and adaptations that occur in the first few minutes of entering spaceflight and also in the first few minutes after return from space. Historically these transition stages in spaceflight have simply not been available for research, especially within human-rated vehicles. Given that complex biological responses are seldom linear over time, and that essentially all current experiments on the International Space Station (ISS) are conducted after stabilization on orbit, biologists are missing the chance to understand the pathways that lead from terrestrial existence to successful spaceflight adaptation and back. Studies conducted on suborbital spacecraft can therefore be an innovative approach to filling a substantial gap in knowledge regarding the temporal dynamics of biological responses to successful spaceflight physiological adaptation.","PeriodicalId":90510,"journal":{"name":"Gravitational and space research : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77310453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Arabidopsis thaliana for Spaceflight Applications–Preparing Dormant Biology for Passive Stowage and On-Orbit Activation 航天应用拟南芥——为被动装载和在轨激活准备休眠生物学

Gravitational and space research : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/gsr-2014-0018

Natasha J. L. Sng, Jordan A. Callaham, R. Ferl, A. Paul

{"title":"Arabidopsis thaliana for Spaceflight Applications–Preparing Dormant Biology for Passive Stowage and On-Orbit Activation","authors":"Natasha J. L. Sng, Jordan A. Callaham, R. Ferl, A. Paul","doi":"10.2478/gsr-2014-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/gsr-2014-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Biological experiments on-orbit that demonstrate the effects of gravity on plants require precise control of the initiation of plant development. Preserving seed dormancy is critical to experiments that endeavor to study the effects of the orbital environment, independent of contributions from either a normal gravity, or launch. However, spaceflight experiments are often tightly constrained with respect to the configuration of the biology and associated hardware, and it is rarely possible to launch dry seeds separated from their growth substrate. Described here are techniques established to maintain viable seeds that can remain dormant for up to a month at room temperature, and hydrated on the surface of solid, Phytagel growth medium. The configuration can also accommodate a brief (less than one minute) exposure to light during the quiescent period for quick inspection for any breaks in dormancy, and for contamination. The data presented outline the preparation of sealed, Phytagel media plates of dormant Arabidopsis thaliana seed that can be activated in situ when unwrapped and installed within a lighted growth habitat. These protocols were developed primarily for spaceflight scenarios where seeded plates must be prepared ahead of time and kept at ambient temperatures. However, these protocols can be adapted for any field application where it is desirable to transport dormant, seeded plates to a remote location where it would not be possible to prepare sterile culture plates.","PeriodicalId":90510,"journal":{"name":"Gravitational and space research : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86582346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

An Experimenter's Experiences in Early Commercial Suborbital Flight 早期商业亚轨道飞行试验经验

Gravitational and space research : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/gsr-2014-0017

S. Collicott

{"title":"An Experimenter's Experiences in Early Commercial Suborbital Flight","authors":"S. Collicott","doi":"10.2478/gsr-2014-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/gsr-2014-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The emerging commercial suborbital rocket industry in the U.S. presents new opportunities for research and education missions. Some companies have been publicized by the world's media and others are lower-profile. Additionally, some companies were created for the space tourism market and others have no current plans to fly humans at all. Most companies already have a Payload User's Guide published at their websites. The time for experimenters to take note of this industry is now, because in early 2014 a number of these companies were already operational or in flight test phase of their business development. When thousands of dollars, instead of millions for traditional NASA or European Space Agency (ESA) sounding rockets, are needed for a suborbital flight, many more researchers will be able to afford suborbital testing and research. In general, these rocket companies seek to provide at least three minutes of high-quality weightless test times from approximately 60 km to 100 km in altitude, and back to 60 km. Purdue University has been fortunate to have secured numerous launches for small payloads during these developmental and early operational years of the industry. Lessons from these launches include lessons in design, payload environment, procedures, launch site infrastructure, and travel preparations.","PeriodicalId":90510,"journal":{"name":"Gravitational and space research : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82694419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Differing Responses in Growth and Spontaneous Mutation to Antibiotic Resistance in Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis Cells Exposed to Simulated Microgravity 模拟微重力环境下枯草芽孢杆菌和表皮葡萄球菌细胞生长和自发突变对抗生素耐药性的不同反应

Gravitational and space research : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/gsr-2014-0011

P. Fajardo-Cavazos, Raed Narvel, W. Nicholson

{"title":"Differing Responses in Growth and Spontaneous Mutation to Antibiotic Resistance in Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis Cells Exposed to Simulated Microgravity","authors":"P. Fajardo-Cavazos, Raed Narvel, W. Nicholson","doi":"10.2478/gsr-2014-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/gsr-2014-0011","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Bacteria of the genera Bacillus and Staphylococcus are frequent inhabitants of the International Space Station (ISS) and represent possible opportunistic pathogens. The effect of simulated microgravity on growth and the frequency of mutation to antibiotic resistance in the model surrogate organisms Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) were investigated. The test organisms were cultivated for six days in Rotating Wall Vessel (RWV) clinostats either in the vertical (simulated microgravity) or horizontal (1 g control) orientation. Parameters measured were: optical densities (ODs); viable counts; frequencies of resistance to rifampicin (RFM); and frequencies of double resistance to RFM and trimethoprim (TMP). The results indicated that the response to simulated microgravity differed in the two microorganisms. Both B. subtilis and S. epidermidis grew to higher ODs and cell numbers in simulated microgravity. However, the frequencies of mutation, both to RFM resistance and double resistance to RFM and TMP, were observed to increase significantly in simulated microgravity-grown B. subtilis but not in S. epidermidis.","PeriodicalId":90510,"journal":{"name":"Gravitational and space research : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82433321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Mutualism Within a Simulated Microgravity Environment - Piriformospora indica Promotes the Growth of Medicago truncatula 模拟微重力环境下的共生关系——印度梨状孢子虫促进了苜蓿的生长

Gravitational and space research : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/gsr-2014-0015

Martin W Hayes, G. Stutte, M. McKeon-Bennett, P. Murray

引用次数: 3