Gravitational and space research : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research最新文献_第10页

Effects of Solar Particle Event-Like Proton Radiation and/or Simulated Microgravity on Circulating Mouse Blood Cells. 太阳粒子事件样质子辐射和/或模拟微重力对循环小鼠血细胞的影响。

Gravitational and space research : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research Pub Date : 2014-08-01

Ana L Romero-Weaver, Liyong Lin, Alejandro Carabe-Fernandez, Ann R Kennedy

{"title":"Effects of Solar Particle Event-Like Proton Radiation and/or Simulated Microgravity on Circulating Mouse Blood Cells.","authors":"Ana L Romero-Weaver, Liyong Lin, Alejandro Carabe-Fernandez, Ann R Kennedy","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Astronauts traveling in space missions outside of low Earth orbit will be exposed for longer times to a microgravity environment. In addition, the increased travel time involved in exploration class missions will result in an increased risk of exposure to significant doses of solar particle event (SPE) radiation. Both conditions could significantly affect the number of circulating blood cells. Therefore, it is critical to determine the combined effects of exposure to both microgravity and SPE radiation. The purpose of the present study was to assess these risks by evaluating the effects of SPE-like proton radiation and/or microgravity, as simulated with the hindlimb unloading (HU) system, on circulating blood cells using mouse as a model system. The results indicate that exposure to HU alone caused minimal or no significant changes in mouse circulating blood cell numbers. The exposure of mice to SPE-like proton radiation with or without HU treatment caused a significant decrease in the number of circulating lymphocytes, granulocytes and platelets. The reduced numbers of circulating lymphocytes, granulocytes, and platelets, resulting from the SPE-like proton radiation exposure, with or without HU treatment, in mice suggest that astronauts participating in exploration class missions may be at greater risk of developing infections and thrombotic diseases; thus, countermeasures may be necessary for these biological endpoints.","PeriodicalId":90510,"journal":{"name":"Gravitational and space research : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4209740/pdf/nihms-624001.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32783135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of Gender on the Radiation Sensitivity of Murine Blood Cells. 性别对小鼠血细胞辐射敏感性的影响。

Gravitational and space research : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research Pub Date : 2014-08-01

Paul C Billings, Ana L Romero-Weaver, Ann R Kennedy

{"title":"Effect of Gender on the Radiation Sensitivity of Murine Blood Cells.","authors":"Paul C Billings, Ana L Romero-Weaver, Ann R Kennedy","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Space travel beyond the Earth's protective magnetosphere risks exposing astronauts to ionizing radiation, such as that generated during a solar particle event (SPE). Ionizing radiation has well documented effects on blood cells and it is generally assumed that these effects contribute to the hematopoietic syndrome (HS), observed in animals and humans, following exposure to total body irradiation (TBI). The purpose of the current study was to assess the role of gender on the effects of gamma radiation on blood cells. C3H/HeN mice were irradiated with a 137Cs gamma source. Radiation had similar effects on white blood cells (WBCs), lymphocytes, and granulocytes in male and female C3H/HeN mice, while red blood cell (RBC) counts and hematocrit values remained stable following radiation exposure. Non-irradiated male mice had 13% higher platelet counts, compared with their female counterparts, and showed enhanced recovery of platelets on day 16 following radiation exposure. Hence, gender differences influence the response of platelets to TBI exposure.","PeriodicalId":90510,"journal":{"name":"Gravitational and space research : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4159766/pdf/nihms624000.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32667753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Interpretation of Backlit Droplet Images from ISS Droplet Combustion Experiments 国际空间站液滴燃烧实验中背光液滴图像的解译

Gravitational and space research : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research Pub Date : 2014-07-01 DOI: 10.2478/gsr-2014-0007

Fei Yu, B. Shaw

引用次数: 5

Molecular Effects of Spaceflight in the Mouse Eye after Space Shuttle Mission STS-135 航天飞机STS-135任务后小鼠眼中的航天分子效应

Gravitational and space research : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research Pub Date : 2014-07-01 DOI: 10.2478/gsr-2014-0001

C. Theriot, S. Zanello

{"title":"Molecular Effects of Spaceflight in the Mouse Eye after Space Shuttle Mission STS-135","authors":"C. Theriot, S. Zanello","doi":"10.2478/gsr-2014-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/gsr-2014-0001","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Exposure to long-duration microgravity leads to ocular changes in astronauts, manifested by a variety of signs and symptoms during spaceflight that in some cases persist after return to Earth. These morphological and functional changes are only partly understood and are of occupational health relevance. To investigate further into the molecular basis of the changes occurring in ocular tissue upon exposure to spaceflight, eyes were collected from male C57BL/6 mice flown on STS-135 (FLT) on landing day or from their ground control counterparts maintained at similar conditions within the Animal Enclosure Module (AEM). One eye was fixed for histological sectioning while the contralateral eye was dissected to isolate the retina for gene expression profiling. 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8OHdG) staining showed a statistically significant increase in the inner nuclear layer of FLT samples compared to AEM. Gene expression analysis in isolated retina identified 139 differentially expressed genes in FLT compared to AEM control samples. The genes affected were mainly involved in pathways and processes of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, inflammation, neuronal and glial cell loss, axonal degeneration, and herpes virus activation. These results suggest a concerted change in gene expression in the retina of mice flown in space, possibly leading to retinal damage, degeneration, and remodeling.","PeriodicalId":90510,"journal":{"name":"Gravitational and space research : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80723434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Oxygen and Silicon Ion Particles Induce Neoplastic Transformation in Human Colonic Epithelial Cells 氧和硅离子颗粒诱导人结肠上皮细胞肿瘤转化

Gravitational and space research : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research Pub Date : 2014-07-01 DOI: 10.2478/gsr-2014-0003

S. B. Kim, Lu Zhang, J. Shay

{"title":"Oxygen and Silicon Ion Particles Induce Neoplastic Transformation in Human Colonic Epithelial Cells","authors":"S. B. Kim, Lu Zhang, J. Shay","doi":"10.2478/gsr-2014-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/gsr-2014-0003","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT High charge (Z) and energy (E) (HZE) particles in deep space have significantly contributed to the biological effects of space radiation, although they only account for less than 1% of the galactic cosmic rays (GCR) particle fluxes. Previously we have shown that combined radiation exposure of 2-Gy proton (1H) followed by 0.5-Gy iron (56Fe) ion particles increase transformation in human colonic epithelial cells (HCEC CT7). The present study was undertaken to characterize if additional HZE ions, such as oxygen (16O) and silicon (28Si) particles, also result in increased cell transformation. HCEC CT7 cells irradiated with 1-Gy 16O (250 MeV/nucleon), followed 24 hours later by 1-Gy 28Si particle (300 MeV/nucleon), showed an increase in proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, migration, and invasion abilities compared to unirradiated controls. In addition, we found that the β-catenin pathway was activated and that subsets of DNA repair genes were under-expressed in these transformed cells. Pretreatment with the radioprotector, CDDO-Me, 18 hours before and during irradiation prevented the HZE-induced transformation. These results can be interpreted to suggest that the mixed radiation exposure of 16O followed by 28Si has carcinogenic potential. Importantly, this transformation can be protected by CDDO-Me pre-treatment.","PeriodicalId":90510,"journal":{"name":"Gravitational and space research : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87318861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Delaying Seed Germination and Improving Seedling Fixation: Lessons Learned During Science and Payload Verification Tests for Advanced Plant EXperiments (APEX) 02-1 in Space 延迟种子发芽和改善固苗:先进植物实验(APEX) 02-1空间科学和有效载荷验证试验的经验教训

Gravitational and space research : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research Pub Date : 2014-07-01 DOI: 10.2478/gsr-2014-0005

J. Nakashima, J. A. Sparks, J. Carver, S. D. Stephens, Taegun Kwon, E. Blancaflor

{"title":"Delaying Seed Germination and Improving Seedling Fixation: Lessons Learned During Science and Payload Verification Tests for Advanced Plant EXperiments (APEX) 02-1 in Space","authors":"J. Nakashima, J. A. Sparks, J. Carver, S. D. Stephens, Taegun Kwon, E. Blancaflor","doi":"10.2478/gsr-2014-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/gsr-2014-0005","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Here we report on the science verification test (SVT) and the payload verification test (PVT) that we conducted in preparation for experiments evaluating the impact of microgravity on Arabidopsis thaliana root development and cellular structure. Hardware used for these experiments was the Advanced Biological Research System (ABRS) and Kennedy Space Center (KSC) fixation tubes (KFTs). A simple procedure to delay seed germination prior to installation on ABRS involved the construction of a metal box with a single far-red (FR) light-emitting diode (LED). The exposure of Petri dishes containing seeds (ecotype Columbia) to FR light immediately after planting and maintaining Petri dishes in the dark prevented seed germination until exposure to white light on ABRS. Additional tests revealed that germination can be delayed for up to 10 weeks with FR light treatment. Seedlings fixed in KFTs preloaded with glutaraldehyde for subsequent microscopy studies were not adequately preserved. We suspected that poor fixation was due to the extended contact of glutaraldehyde with oxygen while stored on KFTs, which likely contributed to fixative oxidation. During PVT, minor modifications to address fixation problems encountered during SVT included storing KFTs with glutaraldehyde at 4o C in the dark, increasing glutaraldehyde concentration from 3% to 5%, and bubbling nitrogen (N2) gas over the glutaraldehyde solution prior to loading the KFTs. These changes led to improvements in the quality of microscopic images. Lessons learned from SVT and PVT allowed us to optimize some of the preflight protocols needed to successfully implement Advanced Plant EXperiments (APEX) in space.","PeriodicalId":90510,"journal":{"name":"Gravitational and space research : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72463218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Effect of Gender on the Radiation Sensitivity of Murine Blood Cells 性别对小鼠血细胞辐射敏感性的影响

Gravitational and space research : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research Pub Date : 2014-07-01 DOI: 10.2478/gsr-2014-0002

P. Billings, A. Romero-Weaver, A. Kennedy

引用次数: 30

The Effects of Gamma and Proton Radiation Exposure on Hematopoietic Cell Counts in the Ferret Model. γ和质子辐射暴露对雪貂模型中造血细胞计数的影响。

Gravitational and space research : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research Pub Date : 2013-10-01

Jenine K Sanzari, X Steven Wan, Gabriel S Krigsfeld, Andrew J Wroe, Daila S Gridley, Ann R Kennedy

引用次数: 0

The Effects of Spaceflight on Mucin Production in the Mouse Uterus 太空飞行对小鼠子宫黏液蛋白产生的影响

Gravitational and space research : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research Pub Date : 2013-07-01 DOI: 10.2478/gsr-2013-0002

A. Forsman, H. Nier

{"title":"The Effects of Spaceflight on Mucin Production in the Mouse Uterus","authors":"A. Forsman, H. Nier","doi":"10.2478/gsr-2013-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/gsr-2013-0002","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The effects of microgravity on biological tissues are relatively unexplored, especially in regard to the mammalian female reproductive system. To begin to address this issue, the uterine tissue of female mice flown on NASA shuttle mission STS-118 was studied. Three sets of female mice, each consisting of 12 animals, were utilized in this study: flight animals, ground control animals, and baseline animals. The flight animals were housed in the Animal Enclosure Module (AEM) of the Commercial Biomedical Testing Module-2 (CBMT-2), which was a part of the payload of the shuttle’s mid-deck locker. Ground control animals were housed in ground-based AEMs, which were kept in a room specifically designed to mimic the environmental conditions of the flight units with regard to temperature, humidity, and light/dark cycles on a 48 hour delay. Baseline animals were housed in standard rodent cages at ambient temperature and humidity and a 12/12 light/dark cycle. The uterine tissue was stained using an Alcian Blue Periodic Acid Schiff staining procedure and the apical mucin layer thickness was subsequently analyzed. Analysis of the mucin layer in the uterus revealed that the thickness of the mucin layer in the flight tissue was significantly thicker that the mucin layers of the ground control and baseline tissue.","PeriodicalId":90510,"journal":{"name":"Gravitational and space research : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73236761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Housing in the Animal Enclosure Module Spaceflight Hardware Increases Trabecular Bone Mass in Ground-Control Mice 太空飞行硬件增加地面对照小鼠的骨小梁质量

Gravitational and space research : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research Pub Date : 2013-07-01 DOI: 10.2478/gsr-2013-0001

Shane A. J. Lloyd, Virginia Ferguson, S. Simske, A. W. Dunlap, E. Livingston, T. Bateman

{"title":"Housing in the Animal Enclosure Module Spaceflight Hardware Increases Trabecular Bone Mass in Ground-Control Mice","authors":"Shane A. J. Lloyd, Virginia Ferguson, S. Simske, A. W. Dunlap, E. Livingston, T. Bateman","doi":"10.2478/gsr-2013-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/gsr-2013-0001","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT During spaceflight, mice are housed in specially designed cages called the Animal Enclosure Module (AEM). Utilization of this flight hardware may affect the skeletal properties of housed animals, independent of microgravity considerations. To address this issue, we studied the effect of 13 days of AEM housing versus standard vivarium enclosure on female C57BL/6J mice (n=12/group). The effects of AEM housing were most pronounced in the trabecular compartment. AEM mice had 44% and 144% greater trabecular bone volume fraction and connectivity density, respectively, versus vivarium. A similar response was seen at the proximal humerus. We noted a decrease in proximal tibia osteoclast surface (-65%) and eroded surface (-73%) for AEM versus vivarium, while tibia trabecular mineralizing surface (MS/BS) was nearly three-fold greater. Surprisingly, there was also decreased osteoblast surface, as well as lower osteoid volume, surface, and thickness at this site. The effects of AEM housing on femur cortical bone were modest: there was greater periosteal MS/BS, with no effect at the endocortical surface, and lower femur stiffness. Taken together, we have demonstrated significant effects of AEM housing on ground control mice, particularly in the trabecular bone compartment. These findings suggest that an early increase in bone formation, perhaps due to altered behavior and loading in this unique housing environment, was followed by decreased bone formation and resorption as the animals adapted to their new environment. Characterization of spaceflight animal housing is critical to elucidating the true effects of microgravity on skeletal parameters and for the proper selection of ground-based controls.","PeriodicalId":90510,"journal":{"name":"Gravitational and space research : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91132583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4