Gravitational and space research : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research最新文献_第7页

Spaceflight Procedures and Operations Utilized During the Seedling Growth Experiments 幼苗生长试验中使用的航天程序和操作

Gravitational and space research : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/GSR-2016-0011

Joshua Vandenbrink, J. Kiss

引用次数: 1

Methods for On-Orbit Germination of Arabidopsis thaliana for Proteomic Analysis 拟南芥在轨萌发的蛋白质组学分析方法

Gravitational and space research : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/GSR-2016-0009

Sarahann Hutchinson, Proma Basu, S. Wyatt, D. R. Luesse

{"title":"Methods for On-Orbit Germination of Arabidopsis thaliana for Proteomic Analysis","authors":"Sarahann Hutchinson, Proma Basu, S. Wyatt, D. R. Luesse","doi":"10.2478/GSR-2016-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/GSR-2016-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Large-scale omics approaches make excellent choices for research aboard the International Space Station (ISS) because they provide large amounts of data that can be continually mined even after the original research has been completed. A proteomic approach can provide information about which proteins are produced, degraded, or post-translationally modified, potentially shedding light on cellular strategies that cannot be discerned from transcriptomic data. To collect sufficient tissue from a Biological Research In Canisters (BRIC)-grown experiment on the ISS for proteomic analysis, several modifications were made to existing protocols. Approximately 800–1000 seeds were housed in each Petri Dish Fixation Units (PDFU). These were germinated up to 120 h after planting by transferring the BRIC from cold stasis to room temperature. Growth continued for only 72 h after germination to allow sufficient tissue for extraction, and to minimize the impact of ethylene and crowding stress. Seedlings were then exposed to RNAlater®. Results indicate that RNAlater® - treated Arabidopsis seedlings yield an equal amount of protein to those flash-frozen in liquid nitrogen.","PeriodicalId":90510,"journal":{"name":"Gravitational and space research : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86459172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Establishing Standard Protocols for Bacterial Culture in Biological Research in Canisters (BRIC) Hardware 在生物研究中建立细菌培养标准规程(BRIC)硬件

Gravitational and space research : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/gsr-2016-0013

P. Fajardo-Cavazos, W. Nicholson

引用次数: 8

Development of Equipment that Uses Far-Red Light to Impose Seed Dormancy in Arabidopsis for Spaceflight 航天用远红光诱导拟南芥种子休眠装置的研制

Gravitational and space research : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/GSR-2016-0008

C. Fitzgerald, Richard Barker, Won-Gyu Choi, S. Swanson, S. D. Stephens, Colleen Huber, A. Nimunkar, S. Gilroy

{"title":"Development of Equipment that Uses Far-Red Light to Impose Seed Dormancy in Arabidopsis for Spaceflight","authors":"C. Fitzgerald, Richard Barker, Won-Gyu Choi, S. Swanson, S. D. Stephens, Colleen Huber, A. Nimunkar, S. Gilroy","doi":"10.2478/GSR-2016-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/GSR-2016-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In order to use plants as part of a bioregenerative life support system capable of sustaining long-term human habitation in space, it is critical to understand how plants adapt to the stresses associated with extended growth in spaceflight. Optimally, dormant seeds would be germinated on orbit to divorce the effects of spaceflight from the one-time stresses of launch. At an operational level, it is also important to develop experiment protocols that are flexible in timing so they can adapt to crew schedules and unexpected flight-related delays. Arabidopsis thaliana is widely used for investigating the molecular responses of plants to spaceflight. Here we describe the development of a far-red light seed treatment device that suppresses germination of Arabidopsis seeds for periods of ≥12 weeks. Germination can then be induced when the seeds encounter red light, such as transfer to the illumination from on orbit plant growth hardware. This device allows for up to twelve 10×10 cm square Petri dishes containing seeds on nutrient gel to be irradiated simultaneously. The far-red device is contained within a light-proof fabric tent allowing the user to wrap the Petri dishes in aluminum foil in the dark, preventing room lights from reversing the far-red treatment. Long-term storage of the wrapped plates is accomplished using foil storage bags. The throughput of this device facilitates robust, high-replicate biological experiment design, while providing the long-term pre-experiment storage required for maximum mission flexibility.","PeriodicalId":90510,"journal":{"name":"Gravitational and space research : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85036133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Physiological Effects of Spaceflight/Unloading and the Mitigating Effects of Flywheel-Based Resistive Exercise 航天/卸载的生理效应和基于飞轮的阻力运动的缓解效应

Gravitational and space research : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research Pub Date : 2016-07-01 DOI: 10.2478/gsr-2016-0006

Prashant J. Parmar, R. Perry, Greta M. Cesarz, Alex Roberts, Houston Hardman, J. Caruso

{"title":"Physiological Effects of Spaceflight/Unloading and the Mitigating Effects of Flywheel-Based Resistive Exercise","authors":"Prashant J. Parmar, R. Perry, Greta M. Cesarz, Alex Roberts, Houston Hardman, J. Caruso","doi":"10.2478/gsr-2016-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/gsr-2016-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The deleterious effects of spaceflight encompass numerous physiological effects that undermine long-term goals of manned round-trip missions to Mars. Among the greater losses are to the human musculoskeletal system due to limited mechanical/load-bearing activity. In-flight exercise and nutritional countermeasures seek to reduce physiological losses. Restoration of mechanical/load-bearing activity in microgravity is achieved with flywheel-based exercise hardware. Research with spaceflight analogs showed exercise done with flywheel-based devices abated muscle mass and strength losses with modest increases in net energy costs. This led to the installment of flywheel-based hardware on The International Space Station (ISS). To date, exercise with flywheel-based hardware has reduced musculoskeletal losses, with more success achieved for muscle-, versus bone-based, outcomes. In-flight exercise may better address bone losses with hardware that imparts high rates of impulse loading to the engaged musculoskeleton.","PeriodicalId":90510,"journal":{"name":"Gravitational and space research : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72964816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Altered Functions of Human Blood-Derived Vascular Endothelial Cells by Simulated Microgravity 模拟微重力对人血源性血管内皮细胞功能的影响

Gravitational and space research : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research Pub Date : 2016-07-01 DOI: 10.2478/GSR-2016-0001

Vidhya Ramaswamy, A. Goins, J. Allen

{"title":"Altered Functions of Human Blood-Derived Vascular Endothelial Cells by Simulated Microgravity","authors":"Vidhya Ramaswamy, A. Goins, J. Allen","doi":"10.2478/GSR-2016-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/GSR-2016-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Recently, the increase in incidence of cardiovascular degeneration associated with weightlessness has drawn much attention to the detrimental effects of space travel on cardiovascular health. Particularly, the regulatory role of the endothelium in cardiovascular degeneration has been studied extensively. The goal of this study was to understand the effects of simulated microgravity on the proliferative, secretory, and anti-thrombogenic functions of endothelial cells differentiated from human blood-derived progenitor cells. Exposure to simulated microgravity enhanced proliferation, as well as the release of soluble nitric oxide while downregulating the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6). Interestingly, the cells also upregulated gene expression of heat shock protein 70 (hsp70), which may be a potential adaptation mechanism of the cells to altered gravity conditions. However, the secretory and proliferative functions had no effect on the anti-thrombogenic functions of these cells. Their anti-coagulative and anti-thrombogenic abilities, as assessed by both upregulation of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and their ability to delay plasma clotting, were impaired on exposure to simulated microgravity. These results collectively provide a useful insight into various mechanisms involved in regulating anti-thrombogenic ability of the endothelium, as well as cardiovascular health in altered gravity conditions.","PeriodicalId":90510,"journal":{"name":"Gravitational and space research : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90787235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Comparative Responses to Squats Completed with Free Weights and an Exoskeleton 用自由重量和外骨骼完成深蹲的比较反应

Gravitational and space research : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research Pub Date : 2016-07-01 DOI: 10.2478/gsr-2016-0005

P. Neuhaus, Chris Jumonville, R. Perry, R. Edwards, Jake L. Martin, Ahlam M. Alarbi, W. Potter, J. Caruso

{"title":"Comparative Responses to Squats Completed with Free Weights and an Exoskeleton","authors":"P. Neuhaus, Chris Jumonville, R. Perry, R. Edwards, Jake L. Martin, Ahlam M. Alarbi, W. Potter, J. Caruso","doi":"10.2478/gsr-2016-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/gsr-2016-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract To assess the comparative similarity of squat data collected as they wore a robotic exoskeleton, female athletes (n=14) did two exercise bouts spaced 14 days apart. Data from their exoskeleton workout was compared to a session they did with free weights. Each squat workout entailed a four-set, four-repetition paradigm with 60-second rest periods. Sets for each workout involved progressively heavier (22.5, 34, 45.5, 57 kg) loads. The same physiological, perceptual, and exercise performance dependent variables were measured and collected from both workouts. Per dependent variable, Pearson correlation coefficients, t-tests, and Cohen's d effect size compared the degree of similarity between values obtained from the exoskeleton and free weight workouts. Results show peak O2, heart rate, and peak force data produced the least variability. In contrast, far more inter-workout variability was noted for peak velocity, peak power, and electromyography (EMG) values. Overall, an insufficient amount of comparative similarity exists for data collected from both workouts. Due to the limited data similarity, the exoskeleton does not exhibit an acceptable degree of validity. Likely the cause for the limited similarity was due to the brief amount of familiarization subjects had to the exoskeleton prior to actual data collection. A familiarization session that accustomed subjects to squats done with the exoskeleton prior to actual data collection may have considerably improved the validity of data obtained from that device.","PeriodicalId":90510,"journal":{"name":"Gravitational and space research : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79928609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of Microgravity and Clinorotation on the Virulence of Klebsiella, Streptococcus, Proteus, and Pseudomonas 微重力和旋转对克雷伯氏菌、链球菌、变形杆菌和假单胞菌毒力的影响

Gravitational and space research : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research Pub Date : 2016-07-01 DOI: 10.2478/GSR-2016-0004

T. Hammond, L. Stodieck, P. Koenig, J. Hammond, Margaret A. Gunter, P. Allen, H. Birdsall

{"title":"Effects of Microgravity and Clinorotation on the Virulence of Klebsiella, Streptococcus, Proteus, and Pseudomonas","authors":"T. Hammond, L. Stodieck, P. Koenig, J. Hammond, Margaret A. Gunter, P. Allen, H. Birdsall","doi":"10.2478/GSR-2016-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/GSR-2016-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract To evaluate effects of microgravity on virulence, we studied the ability of four common clinical pathogens—Klebsiella, Streptococcus, Proteus, and Pseudomonas—to kill wild type Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) nematodes at the larval and adult stages. Simultaneous studies were performed utilizing spaceflight, rotation in a 2D clinorotation device, and static ground controls. Nematodes, microbes, and growth media were separated until exposed to true or modeled microgravity, then mixed and grown for 48 hours. Experiments were terminated by paraformaldehyde fixation, and optical density measurements were used to assay residual microorganisms. Spaceflight was associated with reduced virulence for Klebsiella and Streptococcus, but had negligible effect on Enterococcus and Pseudomonas. Clinorotation generated very different results with all four organisms showing significantly reduced virulence. We conclude that clinorotation is not a consistent model of the changes that actually occur under microgravity conditions. Further, bacteria virulence is unchanged or reduced, not increased during spaceflight.","PeriodicalId":90510,"journal":{"name":"Gravitational and space research : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90387852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Establishing a Low Redox Potential in Giant Yeast Colonies: Effects of Media and Rotation 在巨大酵母菌落中建立低氧化还原电位:培养基和旋转的影响

Gravitational and space research : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research Pub Date : 2016-07-01 DOI: 10.2478/GSR-2016-0003

H. Birdsall, P. Allen, J. Hammond, Margaret A. Gunter, T. Hammond

{"title":"Establishing a Low Redox Potential in Giant Yeast Colonies: Effects of Media and Rotation","authors":"H. Birdsall, P. Allen, J. Hammond, Margaret A. Gunter, T. Hammond","doi":"10.2478/GSR-2016-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/GSR-2016-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Giant yeast colonies develop a low redox potential, which mimics the electrophilic milieu of both the mitochondrial drug metabolizing compartment and the hypoxic core of many tumors. The major metabolic mediators of low redox potential include: ATP, glutathione, NAD+/NADH, and NADP+/NADPH. Ammonia signaling is the critical mechanism that induces stratification of the giant yeast colonies to allow a low redox potential. A comparison of two powerful investigative models for drug pathways using Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been compounded by the use of different growth media and stimuli to the system. Chemogenetic profiling, which uses a pool of yeast deletion mutants to determine survival changes, is heavily slanted to the use of rich media. Giant yeast colonies studies are heavily slanted to the use of poor media. The current study answers the question “what is the difference over time in redox potential, and its major metabolic mediators, between giant yeast colonies grown on rich and poor media?” Using gene deletion tools, we show that cell death in giant yeast colonies is ammonia-dependent. In poor nutrient, ammonia-depleted (Sok2 deletion mutants) giant yeast cultures, rotation can allow manipulation of reactive oxygen species, providing a model to compare high and low redox states without chemical administration. Mechanistically, these changes are not due to detectable NAD/NAPH or NADP/NADPH changes, but are related in changes in glutathione and ATP concentration.","PeriodicalId":90510,"journal":{"name":"Gravitational and space research : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84936943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Aspect Ratio Dependence of Isotropic-Nematic Phase Separation of Nanoplates in Gravity 重力作用下纳米片各向同性相分离的纵横比依赖性

Gravitational and space research : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research Pub Date : 2016-07-01 DOI: 10.2478/GSR-2016-0002

Abhijeet Shinde, Xuezhen Wang, Yi-Hsien Yu, Zhengdong Cheng

{"title":"Aspect Ratio Dependence of Isotropic-Nematic Phase Separation of Nanoplates in Gravity","authors":"Abhijeet Shinde, Xuezhen Wang, Yi-Hsien Yu, Zhengdong Cheng","doi":"10.2478/GSR-2016-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/GSR-2016-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We studied isotropic-nematic (I-N) phase separation via gravity sedimentation in suspensions of plate-like colloidal particles of identical thickness but different lateral sizes (diameters). It is well-known that I-N phase transition occurs at a higher concentration for particles with larger aspect ratio (thickness/diameter) than for particles with smaller aspect ratio. Here we report that for the larger aspect ratios of nanoplates, gravity-driven I-N phase separation is faster. In a homogenously mixed I-N biphasic suspension of nanoplates, nematic tactoids nucleate, grow, and then undergo sedimentation in gravity, leading to the formation of a clear horizontal interface between the I and N phase. For I-N coexistent suspension of nanoplates with different aspect ratios but the same amount of nematic fractions, the larger the aspect ratio, the faster the formation of nematic tactoids and interface between isotropic liquid and nematic liquid crystal phase. The tactoid formation rate is governed by the rotational and translational diffusion rates, which are faster at larger aspect ratios. The time required for I-N separation (t*, seconds) varies inversely with the mean aspect ratio (< ξ >) of nanoplates and follows the relation, t* = α < ξ >n, where α = 0.97 ± 1.30 s and n = −2.1 ± 0.2. The phase separation kinetics studied in our experiments offers guidance for the selection of aspect ratio of nanoplates for samples to be studied at the International Space Station (ISS).","PeriodicalId":90510,"journal":{"name":"Gravitational and space research : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88478757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2