Biology Bulletin Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Species and Intraspecies Level Diversity of Beauveria in Boreal Forests of Northwestern Russia","authors":"I. A. Kazartsev, G. R. Lednev, M. V. Levchenko","doi":"10.1134/s207908642307006x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s207908642307006x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Abstract</b>—The diversity of entomopathogenic fungi, including, inter alia, members of the genus <i>Beauveria</i>, has been assessed insufficiently in Northwestern Russia. With respect to the contemporary taxonomical changes based on molecular markers, the available data are poor and need to be improved. We have established the species and intraspecies diversity of sixty <i>Beauveria</i> spp. isolates obtained from dead insects collected in Leningrad (2017), Novgorod (2018), Vologda (2018), and Pskov (2013, 2018) oblasts and in the Republic of Karelia (2017). Most fungi were isolated from beetles of the subfamily <i>Scolytinae</i>. <i>Beauveria pseudobassiana</i> was the predominant species in the studied subset (with an occurrence of 75.0%). <i>B. bassiana</i> (13.3%) and <i>B. caledonica</i> (11.7%) were isolated in smaller quantities. The latter species was considered rare for Russia; only one finding has been registered up to this time. Molecular analysis of the Bloc and <i>tef1</i>α loci allowed the designation of a new broad clade within <i>B. pseudobassiana</i>, comprised of haplotypes that had not been published in the nucleotide sequence databases previously. All other clades of the found species have a broad geographical distribution.</p>","PeriodicalId":9047,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin Reviews","volume":"171 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139031208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Colletotrichum coccodes by Real-Time PCR","authors":"","doi":"10.1134/s2079086423070101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s2079086423070101","url":null,"abstract":"<span> <h3>Abstract</h3> <p><em>Colletotrichum coccodes</em> causes dangerous potato and tomato diseases, known as anthracnose and black spot. Morphologically, they are often difficult to distinguish from diseases caused by other microorganisms. On green tomato fruits, the disease may be asymptomatic; it appears only on ripe red fruits. For quick and accurate diagnosis and identification of the pathogen, a test system for real-time PCR is proposed. To develop a test system, the nucleotide sequence of the glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene was determined in 45 different strains of <em>C. coccodes</em>. Based on the results obtained and analysis of similar sequences of other species available in the GenBank Database, <em>C. coccodes</em> species-specific primers and a probe were designed. To test the specificity of the created test system, PCR was done with DNA isolated from pure cultures of 15 different species of parasitic and saprotrophic fungi associated with tomato and potato plants (<em>Fusarium oxysporum</em>, <em>Fusarium</em> <em>verticillium</em>, <em>Phomopsis phaseoli</em>, <em>Alternaria alternatа</em>, <em>Helminthosporium solani</em>, <em>Colletotrichum coccodes</em>, <em>Phellinus ferrugineovelutinus</em>, <em>Stemphylium vesicarium</em>, <em>Helminthosporium solani</em>, <em>Phomopsis phaseoli</em>, <em>Neonectria radicicola</em>, <em>Rhizoctonia solani</em>, <em>Penicillium</em> sp., <em>Cladosporium fulvum</em>, and <em>Cladosporium cladosporioides</em>). The presence of <em>Colletotrichum coccodes</em> DNA was determined at a 20‒27 threshold cycle. The remaining types of fungi were determined after 40 cycles or were not detected at all. The test system makes it possible to confidently detect in the analyzed PCR-mixture concentrations of <em>C. coccodes</em> exceeding 0.01 ng/mm³. The test system was used to study the presence of <em>C. coccodes</em> in tomato leaves with symptoms of fungal diseases and potato tubers without external symptoms of disease. Leaves with fungal lesion symptoms were collected from two different fields in Krasnodar krai; tubers, from the fields in Kostroma, Moscow, Kaluga, and Nizhny Novgorod oblasts. A single tomato leaf containing <em>C. coccodes</em> DNA was found, while the presence of <em>C. coccodes</em> DNA tubers grown in Kostroma, Moscow, and Kaluga oblasts was detected in five samples.</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":9047,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin Reviews","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139031462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Metabolic Inhibitors on the Size and Structure of Halos Induced by the Powdery Mildew Pathogen Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici on Wheat Leaves","authors":"A. Babosha, T. V. Avetisyan","doi":"10.1134/S2079086423070022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/S2079086423070022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9047,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin Reviews","volume":"426 4","pages":"S123-S132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139013129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Race Composition of the Novosibirsk Population of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici","authors":"E. Skolotneva, V. Kelbin, A. Morgunov, N. I. Boiko, V. Shamanin, E. A. Salina","doi":"10.1134/S2079086423070125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/S2079086423070125","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9047,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin Reviews","volume":"179 1","pages":"S114-S122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139015302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Order Cantharellales: Taxonomic and Ecological Diversification","authors":"","doi":"10.1134/s2079086423070046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s2079086423070046","url":null,"abstract":"<span> <h3>Abstract</h3> <p>The review is devoted to the taxonomic representation of the order Cantharellales in connection with problems of taxonomical history of the group and problems of its ecological diversification. The history of the taxonomy of Cantharellales is considered, and it is shown that at present the order is limited to no more than 550 species from 31 genera and 5 families: Aphelariaceae (<em>Aphelaria</em>, <em>Phaeoaphelaria</em>, <em>Tumidapexus</em>); Botryobasidiaceae (<em>Botryobasidium</em> with anamorphs, <em>Suillosporium</em>); Ceratobasidiaceae (<em>Ceratoporia</em>, <em>Ceratobasidium</em> pr.p., <em>Rhizoctonia</em>); Hydnaceae (<em>Bergerella</em>, <em>Bryoclavula</em>, <em>Bulbilla</em>, <em>Burgella</em>, <em>Burgellopsis</em>, <em>Burgoa</em>, <em>Cantharellus</em>, <em>Clavulina</em>, <em>Craterellus</em>, <em>Gloeomucro</em>, <em>Hydnum</em>, <em>Ingoldiella</em>, <em>Membranomyces</em>, <em>Minimedusa</em>, <em>Multiclavula</em>, <em>Neoburgoa</em>, <em>Parastereopsis</em>, <em>Repetobasidiellum</em>, <em>Rogersiomyces</em>, <em>Sistotrema</em>, <em>Sistotremella</em>); and Tulasnellaceae (<em>Pseudotulasnella</em>, <em>Stilbotulasnella</em>, <em>Tulasnella</em>). The unresolved problems of the Cantharellales taxonomy are discussed. The ecomorphological and ecological-trophic diversification of the order is consi-dered. A synopsis of families and genera is given with identification keys and detailed original taxa diagnoses down to the generic level. It is concluded that, during the evolution of the order Cantharellales and other large groups of Agaricomycetes, there is a parallelism associated with the development by fungi of similar adaptive zones that opened up in connection with the Early Cretaceous diversification of the terrestrial biota: the co-lonization of wood debris with the formation of hypochnoid, corticioid, and secondary resupinate forms; fo-rest litter with the formation of clavarioid and ramarioid forms; the development of sporulation within grasses with a reduction of cantharelloid and secondary formation of clavarioid forms; the formation of ectomycorrhizae and orchid mycorrhiza by lignotrophic fungi; and colonization of moss protonemata, films of aerophytic algae, and lichen thalli.</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":9047,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin Reviews","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139031458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodiversity of Colletotrichum spp. on Several Wild and Cultivated Plants","authors":"","doi":"10.1134/s2079086423070071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s2079086423070071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract</strong>—The genus <em>Colletotrichum</em> includes a number of plant pathogens of major importance, causing diseases in a broad variety of woody and herbaceous plants. Due to recent molecular analysis, <em>Colletotrichum</em> spp. have undergone many taxonomic changes, i.e., introduction of a significant number of new species and abolition of some old ones. The data on the species diversity, abundance and host specialization of species in this genus on the territory of Russia and neighboring countries are obviously far from being complete, do not correspond to the modern taxonomy of the genus and require substantial revision. In this work, the molecular genetic identification and pathogenicity assessment of 35 isolates, previously identified as <em>Colletotrichum</em> spp., from the European part of Russia, Ukraine, Siberia, and the Russian Far East were carried out. It has been found that 12 isolates obtained from wild plants and crops belong to the species <em>Colletotrichum coccodes</em>. The remaining isolates belong to destructivum (14 isolates) and dematium (9 isolates) species complexes. Among the members of the destructivum complex, it was possible to identify the species <em>C. destructivum</em> and <em>C. lini</em>. <em>C. dematium</em>, <em>C. lineola</em> and <em>Colletotrichum</em> cf. <em>spinaciae</em> were defined among the isolates of the dematium complex. Three isolates of <em>C. destructivum</em> from wild plants of Leningrad oblast and Kamchatka, to our knowledge, are the first findings of this species for Russia. According to the results of the pathogenicity assessment, three isolates assigned to the destructivum species complex may be of interest for the biocontrol of <em>Galinsoga parviflora</em>, and one isolate identified as <em>С. coccodes</em> may be potentially used for the control of <em>Ambrosia artemisiifolia</em>.</p>","PeriodicalId":9047,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin Reviews","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139031179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of Virulence of Commensals: Preventive Phenotypical Mutability","authors":"S. V. Chepur, N. N. Pluzhnikov, S. A. Saiganov, O. V. Chubar, L. S. Bakulina, I. V. Litvinenko","doi":"10.1134/s207908642306004x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s207908642306004x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The peculiarities of the influence of cytokines and metabolites of the systemic inflammatory reaction and stress-implementing and nutritional factors contributing to the transformation of the phenotype of the resident intestinal microflora with an increase in its virulence are described. From the perspective of expression of genes and conformations of proteins and phospholipids, the influence of temperature as a signaling factor in increasing the virulence of the intestinal microbiome is considered. Evolutionarily formed mechanisms of expression of the maximum pathogenic phenotype of microorganisms and, thus, achieving an increase in their biomass and maximum dissemination through the microorganism compartments increase the probability of the transmission of commensals to another biotope, i.e., increases the probability of their survival after the death of the host organism. To prevent bacterial translocation after the relief of critical conditions, early enteral administration of β-glucans in food mixtures, iron excretion, and relief of inorganic phosphate deficiency, including by induction of alkaline phosphatase synthesis, are substantiated.</p>","PeriodicalId":9047,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin Reviews","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138533515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Emergence and Preventability of Globally Spreading Antibiotic Resistance: A Literature Review","authors":"Osman Türkyılmaz, Cihan Darcan","doi":"10.1134/s2079086423060154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s2079086423060154","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Antibiotics have been used in clinical treatment since the mid-20th century. With the use of antibiotics, infant mortality has decreased and average life has increased by about 20 years. However, since the early years of antibiotic use, bacteria have begun to change to reduce or eliminate the effectiveness of antibiotics. Antibiotic resistance is spreading rapidly, but the mechanisms of resistance acquisition, how resistance arises, and how it can be prevented are not clearly understood. The purpose of this review is to compile information on studies of antibiotic resistance and the prevention of resistance acquisition. Spontaneous mutations are an important cause of resistance acquisition in the presence of antibiotics. One of the most commonly used methods to study how these mutations arise is adaptive resistance experiments. Using the information obtained from these experiments, it has been determined that the SOS response plays an important role in the acquisition of resistance mutations. Therefore, the SOS response could be an important target for inhibiting the acquisition of antibiotic resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":9047,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin Reviews","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138533516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil Enzyme Activity in Natural and Plowed Catenas as Parameters of Physiological State of Microbial Communities","authors":"E. V. Chernysheva, K. S. Dushchanova, T. E. Khomutova, A. V. Borisov","doi":"10.1134/s2079086423060063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s2079086423060063","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The study of soil microbial biomass and enzymatic activity of natural and anthropogenically transformed ecosystems was carried out. The catenas of virgin luvisols and chernozems of the Belogorye Natural Reserve and the catenas of arable soils were studied under similar geomorphological and lithological conditions. The activities of enzymes involved in the cycles of carbon (β-glucosidase and xylosidase), nitrogen (chitinase), and phosphorus (acid and alkaline phosphatase) was studied. It has been established that a decrease in soil microbial biomass as a result of plowing is not accompanied by an equivalent decrease in the enzymatic activity of the soil. Differences in the enzymatic activity of different soils types were revealed, which indicates differences in the structure of the microbial community and the type of phytocenoses. Patterns of changes in the enzymatic activity of soils in watershed areas, in the transit and accumulative parts of catenas, have been established. The values of specific activities of enzymes (enzymatic activities per unit of microbial biomass) were calculated. The obtained patterns of changes in the specific enzymatic activity of arable soils indicate that, despite the loss of organic matter and a decrease in microbial biomass as a result of plowing, the physiological efficiency of the microbial community of agrochernozem is higher than in virgin soil. High specific enzymatic activity in arable soils is associated with higher rate of enzyme production by soil microorganisms due to land use changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9047,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin Reviews","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138533518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecofriendly Management of Pieris brassicae in Brassica oleracea: A Review","authors":"Meenakshi, Sapna Thakur, Kanika Choudhary, Rakesh Kumar, Sunil Kumar, Dixit Sharma","doi":"10.1134/s2079086423060117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s2079086423060117","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Cabbage, <i>Brassica oleracea</i>, is the leafy vegetable of Brassicaceae family. Leafy vegetables are unique among the many vegetable groups due to their high carotene and ascorbic acid content. It is consumed all over the world. Cabbage’s high nutritional value makes it more herbivores, among them <i>Pieris brassiace</i> is major pest causing huge damage in seedlings, vegetative and flowering stages of plant. Leaves and head of cabbage are damaged thus interfering with the growth of the plant and marketability of the cabbage. But persistent usage of artificial chemical pesticides for pest control has a number of detrimental outcomes including harm to wild species and pest resistance development. Therefore, there is need of substitute methods that are used for management of such pest that are easily biodegradable, ecofriendly and cost-effective. So, for the continuing management of this pest, effective bio-control agents should be used in conjunction with the cultural control techniques in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) systems. IPM aids in minimizing ecological damage and reliance on chemical pesticides. IPM uses different methods for pest management, i.e., natural enemies, entomopathogenic organisms and botanical insecticides that are being, reported.</p>","PeriodicalId":9047,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin Reviews","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138542012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}