Biology Bulletin Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Prospects for the Use of Thymoquinone (a Component of Nigella sativa) in the Prevention and Therapy of Neuropathologies","authors":"G. D. Zasukhina, T. N. Maksimova","doi":"10.1134/s2079086424600048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s2079086424600048","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Black cumin and its component thymoquinone (TQ) are known as drugs with a wide range of pharmacological activities: immunomodulating, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, and antineoplastic. These drugs also have neuroprotective properties in neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s), ischemia, epilepsy, encephalomyelitis, and traumatic brain injury. The main mechanisms of action are antioxidant activity and increased expression of neuroprotective genes and proteins with decreased activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the NF-kB pathway, which plays a key role in neuroinflammation. A separate section is devoted to the effects of black cumin and TQ on the course of depression, a common and socially significant disease. Reduced signs of depression and increased levels of a neuroprotective factor belonging to the neutrophin family (BDNF), a characteristic marker of depression, were described in 54 depressed patients. The review discusses the prospects for prevention and therapy with these drugs in central nervous system pathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":9047,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin Reviews","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141772783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-Aging Medicine: Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants and Physical Activity","authors":"G. A. Shilovsky, E. V. Sorokina, D. N. Akhaev","doi":"10.1134/s2079086424600188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s2079086424600188","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Mitochondria are an important source of reactive oxygen species in skeletal muscles. Mitochondrial dysfunction accompanies the development of age-related human diseases. An increased production of reactive oxygen species contributes to the muscle atrophy caused, for example, by the absence of physical activity. Many regulatory pathways involved in the mitochondrial biogenesis are targets of anti-aging therapy. An active lifestyle and physical exercise prevent age-related damage to mitochondria in skeletal muscles. The use of antioxidants aimed directly at mitochondria is another way to correct the effect of reactive oxygen species. The treatment with mitochondria-targeted antioxidants weakens the mitochondrial degeneration, improves the age-related function of skeletal muscles, and protects the muscles from atrophy. Data are presented on the use of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants and physical exercises to maintain the structural and functional state of mitochondria and on the protection of muscles from sarcopenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":9047,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin Reviews","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141772785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective Fetal Growth Restriction Syndrome: Links of Pathogenesis","authors":"E. R. Frolova, K. A. Gladkova, U. N. Tumanova, V. A. Sakalo, A. I. Shchegolev","doi":"10.1134/s2079086424600206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s2079086424600206","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Monochorionic diamniotic twins have a higher risk of perinatal complications than dichorionic twins and singleton pregnancy fetuses. Selective fetal growth restriction (sFGR) syndrome is one of the complications of multiple pregnancy; its frequency varies from 10 to 25%. Modern ideas about the pathogenesis of sFGR syndrome indicate its multifactorial nature, including disorders of trophoblast invasion, vasculo- and angiogenesis, gestational formation of placenta with a discordant division of intertwin territories and unbalanced blood flow along interfetal anastomoses, oxidative stress, imbalance of growth factors, and changes in the metabolomic profile of the cord blood and placenta tissue. The clarification of risk factors and links of the pathogenesis of sFGR syndrome underlies the determination of diagnostic markers, development of optimal tactics of pregnancy management, and prediction of perinatal outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":9047,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin Reviews","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141772791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathogenesis of Post-COVID Syndrome. Key Role of the Immune System","authors":"O. A. Gomazkov","doi":"10.1134/s2079086423600480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s2079086423600480","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>When considering the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and post-COVID syndrome, the disorders associated with the immune system come to the forefront. Complexes of immune dysregulation and dissonant responses of the innate and adaptive immune systems of a patient should be considered as the main reasons for the complex pattern of lesions. These processes include cellular inflammation, hemovascular homeostasis disorder, and organ damage. Consistent analysis of these processes is a basis for selecting the schemes of therapeutic strategy, taking into account clinical indices and personal characteristics of patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":9047,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin Reviews","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141772786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Abundance and Distribution of the Bohemian Waxwing Bombycilla garrulus (L.) in Northern Eurasia","authors":"Yu. S. Ravkin, I. P. Kokorina, I. N. Bogomolova, M. I. Lyalina","doi":"10.1134/s207908642460022x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s207908642460022x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The article presents the results of research on the number and distribution of the Bohemian waxwing in the territory of Northern Eurasia within the borders of the Soviet Union in 1990. The work uses materials collected in the period from 1880 to 2022 (intermittently and mainly since 1960) in the first half of summer (during nesting), in winter, and partially throughout the year. The Bohemian waxwing abundance was estimated on the basis of the results of bird counts on routes with a length of about 300 000 km. </p>","PeriodicalId":9047,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin Reviews","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141772794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peculiarities of Arctic Ichthyofauna","authors":"Yu. S. Reshetnikov","doi":"10.1134/s2079086423600479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s2079086423600479","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>An audit of the marine and freshwater ichthyofauna of the Arctic has been carried out. According to new data, the ichthyofauna of the Arctic is represented by 4 classes, 33 orders, 103 families, 251 genera and 479 species of cyclostomes and fish (or about 1% of the world fauna), of which 214 species or 45% of the number of species in the Arctic are true Arctic species. Arctic fish are characterized by polymorphism and euryphagy, which are associated with the variable and low food supply of northern water bodies. The ichthyofauna of the Arctic is well represented by taxa with a wide adaptive radiation (genera <i>Coregonus, Salvelinus, Lycodes</i>, etc.) and species with a complex intraspecific structure such as superspecies or species-complex. Another characteristic feature of the Arctic is low endemism of ichthyofauna at the level of families (5%), genera (2%) and species (10%). Possible routes of distribution of whitefish and pike in the water bodies of the North have been discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":9047,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin Reviews","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141772795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Unique Morphofunctional Structure of the Reptilian Heart","authors":"V. A. Cherlin","doi":"10.1134/s2079086424600012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s2079086424600012","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The paper analyzes the evolution of the thermoenergetic statuses of vertebrates and the associated evolutionary development of their heart. The analysis shows that, in most modern lepidosaurs and turtles, the heart is not completely, conditionally five-chambered: it has two atria and one ventricle, in which two incomplete septa divide it into three functional chambers. In some of them, these two septa were modified in evolution so that they turned into one with vertical and horizontal elements, as a result of which the heart became functionally four-chambered, with improved separation of arterial and venous blood flows. Crocodiles have a fully morphologically four-chambered heart. But the hearts of all reptiles, both recent and extinct, perform two opposite functions in parallel—the separation of arterial and venous blood flows and at the same time their regulated mixing. To do this, there are special morphological and physiological mechanisms in their hearts. Such a strange functional duality in the work of the reptilian heart aims to regulate the metabolism level by controlling the amount of carbon dioxide entering the blood flow: increasing the amount of CO₂ in the blood flow reduces the metabolic rate; reducing its amount increases the metabolism. Mixed blood in the blood flow of reptiles is not an immature, primitive state, but a physiological necessity. Moreover, this method of regulating the metabolic rate is most adequate to the initial, ancestral thermoenergetic state in reptiles, because basal terrestrial tetrapods and most ancient reptiles were meso- and even tachymetabolic, i.e., almost or completely warm-blooded, endothermic animals. It was just these endothermic animals that needed such type of metabolism regulation. As a result, all recent reptiles have a complex morphophysiological organization of the heart, which was functionally more suitable for their almost warm-blooded ancestors. Recent reptiles use part of their ancestral properties as an adaptation to new environmental conditions, new environmental requirements, and their new morphophysiological state. This unique organization of the heart is characteristic of all modern and extinct reptiles, and, importantly, it is characteristic exclusively of reptiles owing to their original endothermic state.</p>","PeriodicalId":9047,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin Reviews","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141772792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the Distribution of Robertsonian Fusions in Polymorphic Populations of the Common Shrew, Sorex araneus L.","authors":"V. N. Orlov, I. A. Kryshchuk, E. V. Cherepanova, Yu. M. Borisov","doi":"10.1134/s2079086424600218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s2079086424600218","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>We calculated the found and expected frequencies of metacentrics in polymorphic populations of the Dnieper basin common rodent, resulting from hybridization of local populations with acrocentric karyotype and four chromosomal races (Neroosa, Kiev, Białowieża, and Western Dvina) with 3–5 diagnostic metacentrics in each. We have previously shown an increased frequency of acrocentric karyotype compared to that expected according to Hardy–Weinberg. The low frequency (less than 0.5) of most metacentrics of the four chromosomal races and the disappearance of some of them from the populations can be explained by the increased fitness of the acrocentric karyotype and the absence of meiotic drive. On the contrary, the preservation of high frequency (more than 0.5) of such metacentrics as <i>gm</i>, <i>hk</i> (races of Western Dvina), <i>hi</i> (races of Kiev), <i>hn</i>, <i>ik</i> (races of Białowieża), and, especially, the fixation of metacentric <i>hi</i> (races of Neroosa) in polymorphic populations can be explained by meiotic drive. The fixation of Rb compounds in the range of the common rodent may be a consequence not only of gene drift but also of meiotic drive. Most likely, meiotic drive is able to maintain the frequency of Rb compounds with the largest acrocentrics <i>g</i>, <i>h</i>, and <i>i</i>, which contributed to the widespread distribution of such compounds throughout the range of the common rodent.</p>","PeriodicalId":9047,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin Reviews","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141772793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategic Tasks and Prospects for the Development of the Resource Base of Healthcare and Health Saving through the Prism of Personalized and Precision Medicine","authors":"S. V. Suchkov, H. Abe, A. I. Berezhnoy, S. Murphy, V. S. Polyakova, M. V. Vasiliev, A. P. Ovchinnikov, D. Smith, V. M. Zemskov, A. S. Revishvili, V. S. Demidova, D. Scherman, A. P. Glinushkin, A. M. Zemskov, P. Barach, A. N. Suvorov","doi":"10.1134/s2079086424600073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s2079086424600073","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Modern research points to the importance of both a personalized approach to health care, including high-quality preclinical laboratory diagnostics, preventive nutrition and the construction of individual nutrition protocols, and favorable microenvironmental conditions in general. However, to achieve optimal results, it is necessary not only to take into account the individual characteristics of an individual person, but also to use advanced technologies. An analysis of existing methods and technologies in the field of personalized nutrition, precision foodomics and bioinformatics, as well as their contribution to health protection, has been carried out. Key aspects of these areas have been reviewed and directions for further research and practical implementation have been suggested.</p>","PeriodicalId":9047,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin Reviews","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141772784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in Erythrocytes and Their Degradation Products under the Influence of the SARS-COV-2 Virus","authors":"M. G. Golubeva","doi":"10.1134/s207908642460019x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s207908642460019x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>This review presents modern domestic and foreign published data on the effect of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on red blood cells in COVID-19 and on the effect of the resulting erythrocyte degradation products on the body. The mechanisms of detoxification of these products and the possibility of considering them as biomarkers of this severe disease, as well as therapeutic targets for combating it, are considered in detail.</p>","PeriodicalId":9047,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin Reviews","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141772790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}