BMC Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Inequities in child protective services contact among First Nations and non-First Nations parents in one Canadian province: a retrospective population-based study.","authors":"Kathleen S Kenny, Elizabeth Wall-Wieler, Kayla Frank, Lindey Courchene, Mary Burton, Michael Champagne, Marlyn Bennett, Cathy Rocke, Marni Brownell, Marcelo L Urquia","doi":"10.1186/s12889-025-21813-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12889-025-21813-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Parental contact with child protective services (CPS) has been linked to deteriorating health among parents. Capturing rates of CPS contact among parents is therefore important for understanding inequities in exposure and their potential role in amplifying racial inequities in health and wellbeing. Though an extensive body of research in North America has provided population-level analyses of CPS contact among children, a disproportionate percentage of whom are Indigenous, no studies to date have extrapolated estimates to account for contact in parent populations, leading to a fragmented view of the system's reach and impact beyond the child-level. In order to advance health equity-oriented research in this domain, our study calculated previously unexplored population-level estimates of CPS contact among First Nations and non-First Nations parents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used whole-population linked data from Manitoba (Canada) to identify 119,883 birthing parents (13,171 First Nations; 106,712 non-First Nations) who had their first child between 1998 and 2019. We calculated prevalence rates, rate differences, and rate ratios of parental contact with different levels of CPS by First Nations status (categorization used in Canada for Indigenous peoples who are members of a First Nation), including ever had an open CPS file for child(ren), ever had out-of-home placement of child(ren), and ever had termination of parental rights (TPR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 49.6% of First Nations parents had a CPS file open for their child(ren) (vs. 13.1% among non-First Nations parents), 27.4% had out-of-home placement of their child(ren) (vs. 4.7% among non-First Nations parents), and 9.6% experienced TPR (vs. 1.8% among non-First Nations parents).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CPS contact was high among parents and prevalence was almost 4 times higher among First Nations parents, where 1 out of 2 were intervened upon by CPS. Findings reinforce significant concerns about the system's scope and the crucial importance of considering its role in compounding health inequities and sustaining colonialism in Canada. First Nations-led interventions are needed to reduce CPS disruption to the lives of First Nations peoples.</p>","PeriodicalId":9039,"journal":{"name":"BMC Public Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"1224"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963421/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143771249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of sarcopenia status and its components with the risk of developing functional disability in older Chinese adults: evidence from the China health and retirement longitudinal study.","authors":"Zhang Hao, Lin Haoxiang, Lin Shujun","doi":"10.1186/s12889-025-22399-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12889-025-22399-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In the aging population, sarcopenia has become a major concern due to its association with increased risks of disability, including impairments in both activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). This relationship, however, has been rarely studied within the Chinese population. This study was conducted to assess the relationships of sarcopenia status and its components with the risk of developing ADL/IADL disability among Chinese community-dwelling elderly people.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we used data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. The ADL and IADL scales were used to assess an individual's functional disability. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between sarcopenia status and its components and the risk of developing ADL/IADL disability in the overall population. Sex-specific receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves was used to evaluate the value of sarcopenia component indicators for predicting ADL/IADL disability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 4,893 participants were included in the study, comprising 2,220 males and 2,673 females, with ages ranging from 60 to 102 years. There were greater IADL disability risks in the possible sarcopenia group (OR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.48-2.37), sarcopenia group (OR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.24-2.76) and severe sarcopenia group (OR = 2.54, 95% CI: 1.63-3.94). The results were similar (possible sarcopenia: OR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.44-3.22; severe sarcopenia: OR = 4.99, 95% CI: 2.52-9.87)) for ADL disability, except for the sarcopenia group (OR = 2.00, 95% CI: 0.97-4.12). We found that handgrip strength (HS) (OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92-0.97) and gait speed (GS) (OR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.12-0.86) were negatively associated with the risk of developing ADL disability and that the repeated chair stand (RCS) test results (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.05-1.12) were positively associated with the risk of developing ADL disability. Similar results were found for the associations between several sarcopenia component indicators and the risk of developing IADL disability. The area under the curve (AUC) of HS was 0.702, which could better recognize ADL disability and showed good discriminant validity in males.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of sarcopenia is high among the elderly Chinese population. Additionally, HS showed good discriminant validity for discriminating ADL disability in males. Further prospective studies are needed to clarify the relationship between sarcopenia status and the risk of developing functional disability and to determine whether indicators of the separate sarcopenia components can be used for early warning, screening and identifying functional disability.</p>","PeriodicalId":9039,"journal":{"name":"BMC Public Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"1241"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963624/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143770954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers, facilitators, needs, and preferences in seeking information regarding cervical cancer prevention programs among Turkish, Moroccan, and Syrian immigrant women: a scoping review.","authors":"Tharsini Veeravagu, Nora Hamdiui, Mart L Stein, Rik Crutzen, Aura Timen","doi":"10.1186/s12889-025-22359-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12889-025-22359-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most frequently diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. Immigrant women are often disproportionately affected by CC but show low participation in CC screening and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a scoping review on immigrant women's information needs regarding CC screening participation and HPV vaccination uptake. A total of 584 articles were found on Embase.com, PsychINFO, and CINAHL, of which 87 articles were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This review revealed that immigrant women indicate a need for more personalized information regarding CC screening and HPV vaccination. We identified barriers to obtaining, processing, and understanding the information, which included overall practical, emotional, cultural and religious aspects (e.g., shame, taboo, lack of trust, fatalism, and cultural norms and values regarding sexual activity). Facilitators, such as translation services, receiving information from people with similar cultural and/or religious backgrounds, encouraging other women or family, and using home visits as an outreach strategy, were also identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our review provides a comprehensive overview of the information needs and preferences of immigrant women, which could be used to tailor interventions, considering the contextual nuances in which these women are situated. The needs and preferences of immigrant women should be taken into account during the development of new information materials or other interventions. This would help immigrant women make informed decisions regarding participation in CC screening and HPV vaccination.</p>","PeriodicalId":9039,"journal":{"name":"BMC Public Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"1242"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963620/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143770958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional quality and on-package marketing of pre-packaged foods and non-alcoholic beverages for sale in Senegalese supermarkets.","authors":"Yassarath Onifade, Adama Diouf, Mane Hélène Faye, Fatou Fall, Gary Sacks, Nicole Idohou-Dossou, Boyd Swinburn, Stefanie Vandevijvere","doi":"10.1186/s12889-025-22295-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12889-025-22295-1","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The high availability and marketing of unhealthy foods has contributed to unhealthy diets. Unhealthy diets are a major risk factor for a range of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). However, the availability and marketing of pre-packaged foods haven't been assessed in Senegal. Nutrient profiling models have been developed to identify less healthy foods that could be subject to marketing restrictions, particularly when targeted at children. The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional quality and on-pack promotion of pre-packaged food sold in major supermarkets in Senegal using the Nutrient Profile Model for the WHO African Region (NPM-WHO/AR), the Nutri-Score labelling system and the NOVA classification.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A cross-sectional survey was conducted in two major supermarkets in Dakar between August and September 2021. Data were collected for all pre-packaged foods, with the exception of the fresh food and alcoholic beverages categories. Pre-packaged foods were classified into fifteen food categories and five beverage categories according to the NPM-WHO/AR, with the exception of the categories \"fresh and frozen meat, fish and sea food\" and \"fresh and frozen fruits and vegetables, legumes and tubers\". Nutritional information was extracted from product labels and products were evaluated using 3 classification systems: NPM-WHO/AR, Nova classification as an indicator of the degree of food processing and Nutri-Score, a nutritional labelling system based on a 5-colour scale from dark green to red, associated with letters ranging from A (high nutritional quality) to E (low nutritional quality), established according to nutritional value and fruits, vegetables and legumes content. Depending on the classification system used, foods were rated on the basis of the nutritional information declared as relevant for this rating. Thus, 5,542 products were evaluated for their nutritional composition, 5,280 products were evaluated according to the NPM-WHO/AR and 5,407 products were evaluated according to both the Nutri-Score and the Nova classification. A pre-packaged food was classified as \"non-permitted\" to be marketed to children if the content of defined nutrients exceeded the threshold set in the model for the corresponding product category. Data analysis was performed using RStudio.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Ultra-processed foods (71.1%) and processed foods (18.8%) were the most common in Senegalese supermarkets. According to the Nutri-Score, pre-packaged foods were most frequently classified as Nutri-Score D (24.4%) and Nutri-Score E (22.1%). Almost 63.3% of the products were classified as non-permitted to be marketed to children according to the NPM-WHO/AR. Of these foods, 12.5% had on-pack promotions. Non-permitted foods to be marketed to children with the highest number of on-pack promotions were \"breakfast cereals\" (50.0%), \"chocolate and sugar confectionery\" (31.3%), \"milk and dairy bas","PeriodicalId":9039,"journal":{"name":"BMC Public Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"1238"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963261/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143771255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A validity and reliability study of the artificial intelligence attitude scale (AIAS-4) and its relationship with social media addiction and eating behaviors in Turkish adults.","authors":"Neslihan Arslan, Kübra Esin, Feride Ayyıldız","doi":"10.1186/s12889-025-22507-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12889-025-22507-8","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;In recent years, there has been a rapid increase in the use of the internet and social media. Billions of people worldwide use social media and spend an average of 2.2 h a day on these platforms. At the same time, artificial intelligence (AI) applications have become widespread in many fields, such as health, education, and finance. While AI has the potential to monitor eating behaviors and provide personalized health support, excessive use of social media and AI can lead to negative effects. These include addiction and reduced quality of life. It is important to examine the attitude toward AI and its relationship with social media addiction, eating behavior, and life satisfaction. Research on the connection between AI attitudes and eating habits is lacking, which emphasizes the necessity of validating AIAS-4 in Turkish in order to ensure its efficacy in this context. The first stage of the study aimed to adapt Grassini's (2023) Artificial Intelligence Attitude Scale (AIAS-4) into Turkish and assess its validity and reliability. In the second stage, it was aimed to examine the relationship between artificial intelligence attitude and social media addiction, eating behavior, and life satisfaction.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This study cross-sectional and methodological study was conducted in two stages in Türkiye. 172 adult individuals underwent a validity and reliability study in the first stage (43% of them were men and 57% were women), which involved adapting the AIAS-4 into Turkish. In the second stage, the relationships between artificial intelligence attitude, social media addiction, eating behavior, and life satisfaction of 510 individuals were evaluated with an average age of 24.88 ± 7.05 years (30.8% male, 69.2% female). Using the snowball sampling technique, the survey was carried out on adults by reaching out to staff and their families from both universities (Gazi University and Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University) as well as students and their relatives. A face-to-face survey approach (delivered by an interviewer) was used for the study. In this study, the Social Media Addiction Scale-Adult Form(SMAS-AF) was used to assess social media addiction, the Scale of Effects of Social Media on Eating Behavior (SESMEB) was used to measure the impact of social media on eating behavior, the Contentment with Life Assessment Scale was used to evaluate life satisfaction, and the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q total) was used to assess eating disorder symptoms. Pearson Correlation and Spearman Correlation according to normality and Linear regression analysis were used to analyse variables.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;AIAS-4 was a valid and reliable instrument in this study conducted in Türkiye (Cronbach's alpha = 0.90 and McDonald's omega = 0.89). Individuals spend an average of 3.7 ± 1.99 h per day on social media. All participants used WhatsApp, while 89.8% used Instagram. A negative correlatio","PeriodicalId":9039,"journal":{"name":"BMC Public Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"1244"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963498/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143770930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diet inflammatory potential modifies the association between tobacco smoke exposure and lung function.","authors":"Ying Li, Kai Yang","doi":"10.1186/s12889-025-22454-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12889-025-22454-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The adverse effect of tobacco smoke exposure on lung function varies among individuals. We aim to investigate whether diet inflammatory potential modifies the association between tobacco smoke exposure and lung function.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional study of 11,382 adults from the 2007-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Tobacco smoke exposure was measured using serum cotinine level, and dichotomized as low or high level according to the race/ethnicity-specific cut-points. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s percent of predicted (FEV₁% predicted), forced vital capacity percent of predicted (FVC% predicted) and FEV₁/FVC were selected to quantify lung function. Diet inflammatory potential was assessed using dietary inflammatory index (DII), and categorized into quartiles. The modification effect of DII on the relationship between tobacco smoke exposure and lung function were evaluated by multivariate linear regression model with interaction term and stratified analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>DII interacted with serum cotinine level in association with FEV₁% predicted, FVC% predicted and FEV₁/FVC (P for interaction < 0.05). In individuals with higher DII, serum cotinine level had stronger inverse associations with FEV₁% predicted, FVC% predicted and FEV₁/FVC. More specifically, 23 of 28 DII components showed modification effects on the relationship between serum cotinine level and lung function.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Diet inflammatory potential modifies the effect of tobacco smoke exposure on lung function, and tobacco smoke exposure had a stronger adverse impact on lung function among individuals with high diet inflammatory potential, which should attract more attention.</p>","PeriodicalId":9039,"journal":{"name":"BMC Public Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"1243"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963501/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143771148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global, regional, and national burden of refraction disorders: findings from the global burden of disease study 2021 and projections to 2050.","authors":"Miaomiao Dai, Yi Ouyang","doi":"10.1186/s12889-025-22440-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12889-025-22440-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Refraction disorders are the leading cause of visual impairment worldwide. This study investigates the global burden and trends of refraction disorders from 1990 to 2021, with projections extending to 2050.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data on prevalence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for refraction disorders, along with their 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), were obtained from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021. The study provides a comprehensive analysis of the epidemiology of refraction disorders at global, regional, and national levels. It examines trends from 1990 to 2021 from multiple dimensions, including overall and localized changes. Burden decomposition was performed to assess contributions from population size, age structure, and epidemiological changes. Cross-country inequalities were quantified using standard health equity methods recommended by the World Health Organization. Future changes in the burden of refraction disorders were also projected through 2050.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to GBD 2021 estimates, there were 159,765,917 prevalent cases (95% UI: 142,526,915-178,698,348) and 6,618,600 DALYs (95% UI: 4,599,082-9,528,676) due to refraction disorders globally in 2021. From 1990 to 2021, prevalence and DALYs rates demonstrated a steady decline, although prevalence numbers, incidence numbers, and rates were consistently higher among females compared to males. Decomposition analysis showed that aging, population growth, and epidemiological changes contributed 36.25%, 76.92%, and - 13.18%, respectively, to changes in the age-standardized prevalence rate (ASR). The concentration index declined from - 0.17 (95% CI: -0.21 to - 0.13) in 1990 to - 0.10 (95% CI: -0.13 to - 0.07) in 2021, indicating a reduction in SDI-related inequalities. By 2050, the ASR for prevalence and DALYs is projected to decline to 1815.27 (95% UI: 534.15-3096.40) and 69.11 (95% UI: 21.45-116.77), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The global burden of refraction disorders decreased significantly from 1990 to 2021 and is expected to decline further by 2050. Females continue to experience a greater burden compared to males. Population growth emerged as the primary driver of changes in the ASR of prevalence and DALYs. While countries with low socio-demographic index (SDI) face a disproportionately high burden, SDI-related inequalities have gradually lessened over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":9039,"journal":{"name":"BMC Public Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"1247"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11966897/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143771231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, sleep and myopia in children and adolescents: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.","authors":"Huimin Ding, Liqun Jiang, Xuanqiao Lin, Chaoying Ye, Buongo Chun","doi":"10.1186/s12889-025-22434-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12889-025-22434-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to systematically evaluate the dose-response relationships between physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior(SB) (including near work [NW] and screen time [ST]), sleep duration (SD), and myopia risk among children and adolescents.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science up to November 19, 2024. Methodological quality was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) and ROBINS-I tools. Random-effects meta-analyses were used to estimate categorical and continuous dose-response relationships. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were performed to explore heterogeneity sources and test robustness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 45 observational studies (766,848 participants aged 5-19 years) were included. Categorical analyses showed that, compared with the lowest exposure categories, higher PA levels (highest: OR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.63-0.96; intermediate: OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.63-0.93) and longer SD (highest: OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.48-0.92; intermediate: OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.73-0.92) significantly reduced myopia risk. Conversely, higher levels of NW (highest: OR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.28-2.27; intermediate: OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.19-1.50) and ST (highest: OR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.14-2.22; intermediate: OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.12-1.49) were associated with significantly increased risk. In the continuous dose-response meta-analysis, a linear association was observed between PA, ST, and myopia. Each additional hour of PA per day reduced the risk of myopia by 12%, while each additional hour of ST increased the risk by 31%. Nonlinear associations were found between NW, SD, and myopia. Among children and adolescents, 1.5 and 2.5 h/day of NW increased the risk of myopia by 25% and 29%, respectively. Although longer SD was associated with a reduced risk of myopia, this effect did not reach statistical significance at any exposure level.Subgroup analyses revealed that protective effects of PA were more evident in low- and middle-income countries, smaller sample sizes, and cross-sectional studies, while increased risks related to ST and NW were stronger in low-income settings. No subgroup significantly modified the association between SD and myopia risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Increasing PA, while limiting ST and NW, effectively reduces the risk of myopia among children and adolescents. The association between sleep duration and myopia remains inconclusive, warranting further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9039,"journal":{"name":"BMC Public Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"1231"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11959732/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143762862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevention and control practices of hand, foot, and mouth disease and related factors among teachers and child caregivers in childcare centres in Phitsanulok Province: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Kulchayada Charoensiwarak, Nithra Kitreerawutiwong","doi":"10.1186/s12889-025-22351-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12889-025-22351-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a contagious disease associated with several outbreaks in Thailand, especially among children under five years old, particularly those in childcare centers. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to the prevention and control of HFMD and to identify the factors associated with the practices among teachers and child caregivers in childcare centres in Phitsanulok Province.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The sample included 270 teachers and child caregivers in childcare centres under the local governments in the 9 districts of Phitsanulok Province, Thailand, through stratified random sampling. A validated and reliable self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression to identify associated variables at the α = 0.05 significance level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 156 participants (57.78%) had inadequate knowledge (score < 10), 192 participants (71.11%) had a negative attitude (score < 60), 202 participants (74.81%) reported insufficient support for information and equipment (score < 54), and 196 participants (72.59%) displayed low levels of preventive practice (score < 95). Multivariate analysis revealed that participants who had experience caring for children with HFMD (AOR = 2.57, 95% CI = 1.29-5.13, p = 0.007), those with positive attitudes towards HFMD (AOR = 2.69, 95% CI = 1.41-5.15, p = 0.003), and those who received adequate information and equipment support from the local government and healthcare sector (AOR = 6.26, 95% CI = 3.26-12.02, p < 0.001) were more likely to engage in the prevention and control of HFMD practices.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings emphasize the need for training programs designed using experiential-based learning (EBL) to increase positive attitudes and practices. Furthermore, local governments and healthcare sector should increase support for providing information and equipment consistent with the Ministry of Public Health guidelines in Thailand.</p>","PeriodicalId":9039,"journal":{"name":"BMC Public Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"1236"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963674/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143762904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlates of duration between initial drug use and first drug injection among people who inject drugs in Iran, 2020.","authors":"Zahra Abdolahinia, Zahra Jaafari, Ali Karamoozian, Soheil Mehmandoost, Nima Ghalekhani, Mehrdad Khezri, Ghazal Mousavian, Mostafa Shokoohi, Ali Mirzazadeh, Ali Akbar Haghdoost, Mohammad Karamouzian, Mohammad Mehdi Gooya, Samaneh Akbarpour, Hamid Sharifi, Fatemeh Tavakoli","doi":"10.1186/s12889-025-22357-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12889-025-22357-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>People who use non-injection drug use are at risk of transitioning to injecting drugs, which increases their vulnerability to HIV and other blood-borne infections. This study aimed to investigate the correlates of the duration between the first drug use and the first drug injection among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Iran, as well as the reasons for injection initiation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from the fourth national bio-behavioral surveillance survey among PWID in Iran, conducted in 2020 across 11 cities using respondent-driven sampling (n = 2,684). A generalized linear mixed model with a gamma-distributed dependent variable and log link function was used to investigate the correlates of transition time from non-injection to injection drug use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 2,356 participants included in the analysis, the mean ± SD of the duration between the first drug use and the first drug injection was 9.37 ± 6.8 years. Factors associated with earlier injection initiation included: age under 30 years (p-value < 0.001), being single (p-value < 0.001) or divorced/widowed (p-value = 0.007), history of incarceration (p-value = 0.001), sexual debut before age 18 (p-value < 0.001), and history of depression (p-value < 0.001). Peer influence (665;29.1%) and pleasure-seeking behavior (534; 23.3%) were the most common motives for injection initiation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The transition to injection drug use among PWID in Iran often occurs within a decade of initial drug use and is influenced by demographic, social, and psychological factors. Prevention strategies should focus on early intervention for at-risk youth, address mental health needs, and leverage peer influence. Policymakers should prioritize evidence-based, multi-faceted approaches that target both individual and structural factors to delay or prevent the transition to injection drug use and reduce associated health risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":9039,"journal":{"name":"BMC Public Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"1229"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11959802/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143762849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}