Diversity and equality in health and care最新文献

{"title":"Health Disparity Concept Analysis","authors":"N. Downey, J. DiBenedetto","doi":"10.36648/2049-5471.18.1.221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2049-5471.18.1.221","url":null,"abstract":"A concept analysis is a process that seeks to explore the structure, function, defining characteristics, and other basic elements of a concept [1]. The product of a concept analysis is never fixed, since knowledge is gained and the effects of culture, context, and societal factors alter what is known to be true over time [1]. The purpose of this concept analysis is to explore and solidify the meaning of health disparity so that the product of the analysis may be applied to my future practice as an adult gerontology primary care nurse practitioner. Since I work in an inpatient medicine unit in an urban setting, I interact with many patients who do not have equal access to carein many different contexts. I see firsthand the effects that these inequalities have on overall health, treatment opportunities, experiences, and outcomes of different patients. A more solid foundation of the concept of health disparity can allow for improved identification of the issue within practice, while providing a basis for nurses to promote better advocacy and changes in their workplaces and communities to improve patient outcomes.","PeriodicalId":90151,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and equality in health and care","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69693309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceived Challenges Likely To Confront Nursing and Midwifery as Autonomous Professions in Ghana and the Way Forward","authors":"W. Michael","doi":"10.36648/2049-5471.21.18.245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2049-5471.21.18.245","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To explore the perceived challengeslikely to confront nursing and midwifery as autonomous professions in Ghana and the way forward. Design: Ten nurses and midwives from four main hospitals in the Tamale Metropolis, the respondents were from senior nursing and midwifery officer ranks. Methods: A qualitative cross-sectional in-depth interview was employed for the study among senior nurses and midwives in the hospitals in the Tamale Metropolis. Results: Participants identified specificity of professional focus and split in training arrangement as the main cause of perceived autonomy and challenge. For instance, there are still differential gaps in the training and practice functions of nurses and midwives, different examinations and clear distinctions in job descriptions of both professions. Power of association culture was considered a contributory factor. The study concludes that regardless, nursing and midwifery are two distinct but closely related professions that have similar characteristics and natural fusion of learning and work.","PeriodicalId":90151,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and equality in health and care","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69696260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the Current Role of the Nurse Managers in A Saudi Context, Challenges and Enablers Experienced in this Role, A study protocol","authors":"Amira Assiry","doi":"10.36648/2049-5471.21.18.261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2049-5471.21.18.261","url":null,"abstract":"The nurse managers' role is pivotal in healthcare organisations as they directly influence staff nurses and, therefore, patient safety outcomes. Hence, NMs have significant responsibilities and high expectations from patients, staff nurses, leaders, and organisations. However, these responsibilities remain unclear in the Saudi context. Therefore, it is crucial to identify the current NMs role and activities in Saudi Arabia and understand the challenges and enablers experienced in this role.","PeriodicalId":90151,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and equality in health and care","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69696730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opportunities from Covid-19 Pandemic: Strategies to Transform On-Site to Remote Community Clinical Experience","authors":"Marianne Allen","doi":"10.36648/2049-5471.21.18.266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2049-5471.21.18.266","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The Covid-19 pandemic continues to affect lives. This evidence-based strategy describes pathways to address the crisis and meet goals of undergraduate baccalaureate nursing education. Impact of the pandemic on clinical site availability provided opportunities to revise the maternity clinical course from direct on-site clinical to a clinical course with multiple modalities including small-group hospital clinical, faculty-facilitated remote clinical days, and written assignments. The design incorporated adult learning principles. This presentation illustrates transformation of the “Community Clinical Education Day” from on-site activities to remote virtual experiences. Teaching strategies that successfully fulfilled requirements of maternity clinical course, components of the eight-hour offering, and effectiveness of a multimodal clinical course compared to a traditional clinical course are described. Objectives: To identify mission, services, and population of community agencies and to develop education offerings for target population Format: Live remote faculty presentation on community-based health promotion; assessment, values, and beliefs; social and health-related issues affecting women; cultural competence in healthcare; and health literacy.  Students independently review agency websites, and in small groups develop client education materials on assigned topics. Students reconvene remotely to present teaching projects. Implications: Changes from traditional methods of on-site community clinical education to remote model with multiple modalities of instruction reflect adult learning principles, enhance student engagement, and provide templates for educators. Evaluations of remote community clinical demonstrate completion of course objectives and positive student and faculty perceptions of the experience. The effectiveness of a remote multimodal course compared to traditional course provides a model for adaptation of clinical courses.","PeriodicalId":90151,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and equality in health and care","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69697263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging Healthcare Technology - To Improve Quality of Care","authors":"Harish C. Rijhwani","doi":"10.36648/2049-5471.21.18.229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2049-5471.21.18.229","url":null,"abstract":"The advent of COVID-19 has brought Healthcare Information technology to the forefront. Organizations across the globe have been forced to look at different options to keep their revenues (especially outpatient) going. Telemedicine was conceptualized in 1920s, till few months ago it was considered as a target market for only rural areas. In many countries it was still in the nascent stage. The current world situation has forced organizations to consider telehealth/telemedicine very seriously. BCBS Massachusetts announced in April 2020 that it processed 250K telemedicine claims, overall a 3600% increase over Feb 2020 and 5100% increase over 2019.","PeriodicalId":90151,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and equality in health and care","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69693684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ensuring Contraceptive Security Using Online LMIS in Family Planning (FPLMIS) Program in India:Challenges and Opportunities","authors":"Himadri Pathak","doi":"10.36648/2049-5471.18.224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2049-5471.18.224","url":null,"abstract":"The need for family planning commodities is increasing globally, however many developing countries are yet to meet the supply against demand which has scaled up the unmet need and unplanned pregnancies. Several countries have tried to stream line contraceptives supplied using various modalities with varying degree of success. India launches online logistic management system for family planning commodities to secure contraceptive availability at health facility level. Online FPLMIS is a significant step of Government of India for ensuring reproductive rights of the Indian women.","PeriodicalId":90151,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and equality in health and care","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69692949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infection prevention practice and associated factors among health care workers in south Gondar zone, North West Ethiopia, 2020","authors":"Daniel Tarekegn Worede, Ebabye Birhan, Girma Alem, Yohannes Teka","doi":"10.36648/2049-5471.18.227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2049-5471.18.227","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Infection prevention is universally acknowledged as a vital component of comprehensive approach to patient and healthcare worker safety, quality improvement, and improved health outcomes. Infections acquired during health-care delivery are a significant public health problem around the world. Thus, infection prevention is not only the most cost-effective option, but also the best strategy to prevent the spread of disease within health facilities. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess infection prevention practices and associated factors among health care workers in governmental health care facilities in South Gondar zone, North West Ethiopia. Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study design was conducted from 15 February-15 April, 2020 in South Gondar zone among healthcare workers.Multistage was usedas sampling procedures. Data were collected using pre-tested self-administered structured questionnaire. Data were entered and analyzed using Epi-data version 3.1 and SPSS version 23 respectively. The model was fitted using multivariable logistic regression to identify associated factors with infection prevention practices. Odds ration with a 95% confidence interval was used as measure of association. Finally p-value less than 0.05 were used to declare statistical significance. Results: Six hundred two (97%) healthcare workers participated in the study. Three hundred thirty six 60.8%(57.1-64.8%) 95%CI health care workers had good infection prevention practices. Availability of gloves, AOR 3.69(2.015, 6.789)95%CI, Availability Safety box, AOR=1.9(1.2, 3.1)95% CI, Presence of Infection prevention guide line, AOR=0.498(.32, .83) 95% CI, presence of alcohol swab AOR = 0.49(.29, 82)95% CI. Accessibility of hand washing items AOR=2.0(1.2, 3.4) 95% CI were found to be significantly associated. Conclusion: Nearly two-third of the healthcare workers had good infection prevention practices. On infection prevention measures, availability of guide lines, safety box, gloves, alcohol swab, and accessibility of items for hand washings were predictors of good infection prevention practices. To sustain good practices, accessible of hygiene materials should be kept to all units of health facility all times.","PeriodicalId":90151,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and equality in health and care","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69693114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Dilemma of Modern Medicine In The United States","authors":"Saad Bin Jamil","doi":"10.36648/2049-5471.21.12.384-386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2049-5471.21.12.384-386","url":null,"abstract":"The healthcare organizations in the United states (US) are either public or private entities. For-profit healthcare organizations constitute a large segment of healthcare infrastructure. Since the market based pattern of healthcare services can lead to significant profits, investment in the healthcare sector can be beneficial from an investor's standpoint. However, there can be a concern among the medical community and the public in general regarding amalgamation of business with health care. Furthermore the cost of healthcare expenditure is ever increasing in the US which may be driven with this model as well. The integration of business models with healthcare may lead to standardization algorithms with the expectation from healthcare providers to meet key metrics as well as targets which may result in compromised patient care. This has prompted the provision of value based care to patients instead of pay for service model. However, the balance between provision of optimal healthcare which is cost effective can be challenging from the hospital administration and healthcare provider’s perspective with ethical, moral, logical and practical aspects to keep in consideration. In this article we discuss a few factors which may raise ethical dilemmas for the hospital administration and physicians.","PeriodicalId":90151,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and equality in health and care","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69693449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Main Reasons Why the U.S. Health Care System So Expensive","authors":"R. Yanushevsky","doi":"10.36648/2049-5471.21.18.240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2049-5471.21.18.240","url":null,"abstract":"Health care is among the most important issues for Americans since the U.S. health care system is the most expensive in the world. Public spending, including governmental spending, social health insurance, and compulsory private insurance constitutes the largest source of health care spending. The U.S. spends on health care nearly twice as much as the average country of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Politicians like to talk about health care of equal quality for all population. Unfortunately, this had never been in the past, and it is unrealistically to expect in the future. Now rich persons, members of the U.S. Congress, and federal government employees have better health insurance than many retirees. Not all doctors accept patients with Medicare or Medicate, since these insurances are not good sources of revenue. For the same reason, old Americans should wait at least a week for officebased medical appointments. That is why the described above possible way to improve the existing health care system can be efficient. Many people, especially young, do not need the highest quality physicians to treat them, and they can wait a week to get appointment. If the country has 8.8 percent of people without health insurance coverage and the insurance prices are high, the compromised approach is more realistic that empty proposals of politicians. The country with the 27 trillion national debt, which exceeds it’s GDP, and with spending on health care almost 18 percent of its GDP cannot spend on health care more. The United States economic health does not allow doing that.","PeriodicalId":90151,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and equality in health and care","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69695729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving Vaccination Practices to Tackle the Endemic Issue of Poliomyelitis in Developing Countries","authors":"S. Mughal","doi":"10.36648/2049-5471.21.18.253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2049-5471.21.18.253","url":null,"abstract":"Poliovirus has been largely eradicated in the world, but remains at large in endemic countries such as Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Nigeria. In reviewing research, this paper aims to utilize how common practices of vaccination in the United States can be adapted by these endemic countries to deal with vaccination issues that prevent the eradication of poliomyelitis. Hypothesis: Vaccination programs implemented in the US are a good framework to increase awareness of vaccinations in developing countries. Methods: Search engines such as PubMed, and Google Scholar were used to analyze commonly faced issues in vaccination practices experienced by endemic countries of poliomyelitis. Further, searching for vaccination protocols that have been utilized by the United States to deal with similar issues provided a good framework for implementation of vaccination awareness in the endemic countries. Amongst the articles utilized, a varying set of study designs were used and exclusion criteria’s such as review studies, articles prior to 2009 were implemented. Conclusion: By implementing vaccination through educational based programs, through programs which leads to a change in method of vaccination administration, and law mandated programs, vaccination awareness and practices can be increased in endemic countries of poliomyelitis.","PeriodicalId":90151,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and equality in health and care","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69696323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}