Diversity and equality in health and care最新文献

{"title":"Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices and Perceived Barriers Among Mental Health Professionals in Sudanese Psychiatric Hospitals Regarding COVID-19 Outbreak","authors":"Fajr Elhashimi, Mohammed Ibrahim, Bhaga Taha","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1155614/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1155614/v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background: Since March 11, 2020, COVID-19 has been declared as a pandemic by WHO, it has caused substantial morbidity and mortality globally thus knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) related to the COVID-19 outbreak are one of the priorities in such a pandemic. KAP in a non-COVID facility, such as a psychiatric institution needs to be addressed. Aims: To assess mental health professionals knowledge, attitude, and practice working Sudanese in psychiatric facilitatesMethods: A cross-sectional self-administered questionnaire targeting the whole population of mental health professionals(MHPs) which is 141, was conducted at three psychiatric facilities in Khartoum state , Sudan. 89 agreed to participate in the study consisting of psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and psychiatric nurses staff participated in the study. Results: 70.8% of MHP’s in this study had adequate knowledge of COVID-19 symptomatology, transmission, management, and preventive measures. 44.9% were not willing to take COVID19 vaccine. Good practices like maintaining quarantine during outbreak and wearing a medical mask were observed. The significant difference found in Spearman’s correlation was between knowledge and attitude which was negative correlation. Findings showed that MHPs (37.1%,N=33) had positive Practice,(57.3%,N=51) had positive attitude regarding COVID-19. MHPs perceived that lack of an official specialized in infection control ,overcrowding in psychiatric patients’ room and Lack of policy procedures of infection control practice were the major barriers to infection control. Inferential analysis indicated that Social workers showing higher knowledge (mean=57.95) than other MHPs (P=0.009) and psychiatrist showed higher attitude (62.63). Conclusions: This study found that MHPs in Sudan have good knowledge, and suggest a special need to scale up facilities’ infection control materials to meet the required good practice.","PeriodicalId":90151,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and equality in health and care","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43984907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Electronic Medical Records on Improving Patient Care","authors":"Ifarah Zaman, Ila Chauhan","doi":"10.36648/2049-5471.18.1.222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2049-5471.18.1.222","url":null,"abstract":"In the last few years, patient accessible electronic health records have been used more extensively in the United States, as well as other first world countries, as a promising solution to encourage patient involvement and shared decision making. The purpose of this was to improve compliance and outcomes in chronically ill patients, especially those who are prescribed multiple medications. Providing patient-oriented care is the foundation of ensuring patient involvement and active engagement that will result in positive outcomes. The physician-patient relationship has been given more focus recently, in efforts of optimizing the patient’s experience. Better communication between the two tends to show an increase in satisfaction, lessen the number of lawsuits against the physician, and have positive clinical outcomes. “Evidence has shown patient-provider communication is the most salient part of a medical visit” [1]. Better communication has also shown to have an effect on decreasing psychological symptoms, such as stress and fear.Chronically ill patients, such as those with diabetes mellitus type 2 and long-standing hypertension, show greater improvements after building a better relationship and communication pathway, with “improved drug treatment intensification, monitoring, and physiologic control among patients with diabetes, with great improvements amongst patients with worse control and less testing necessary”[2]. Therefore, it is best for society and the medical community, to emphasize and encourage a form of constant communication, such as electronic health records.","PeriodicalId":90151,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and equality in health and care","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69692938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Up takes of Postpartum Contraceptives","authors":"Sintayehu Assefa, Dubale Dulla","doi":"10.36648/2049-5471.21.18.234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2049-5471.21.18.234","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Post-partum family planning aims to prevent an intended pregnancy within the first year postpartum. Closely spaced pregnancy within the first year of PP is associated with higher risk of preterm birth, low birth weight or small for gestational age. However, the perceived uptakes of postpartum contraceptives are very low. The intention of this study was determine uptakes and associated factors of postpartum family planning in southern Ethiopia. Methods: The study was conducted in Hawassa city administration which is the capital of SNNPR. Community based cross sectional study was employed women who gave birth in the last 12 months before survey. Data was collected using structured questionnaire proceeding informed verbal consent. Logistic regression model was used to identify associations between variables and findings were presented. Result: The prevalence of current post-partum contraceptive use was 85.1%. After adjusting for covariates; the odds of using postpartum contraceptive were 1.31 times, 12.13 times, 5.17 times, 10.77 time and 4.69 times higher among women with, knowledge about advantages and side effects of contraceptives, partner support for contraceptive use, previously contraceptive use and not returned period respectively with (P <0. 05). Conclusion: Uptakes of postpartum contraceptives in Hawassa city administration was promising. Detailed counseling about postpartum contraceptive use, could assist equipping women with knowledge of family planning methods; empowering them to be decisive in the health and positivity of male partners are very crucial to promote postpartum use of contraceptives.","PeriodicalId":90151,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and equality in health and care","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69694652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implicit Racial Bias Education and Healthcare Students: A Review of Current Practices","authors":"T. Cogan-Drew","doi":"10.36648/2049-5471.21.18.246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2049-5471.21.18.246","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Racial disparities in health are well-documented, underscoring the need for health equity education for future healthcare professionals. The goal of this literature review was to examine and describe the interventions, strategies, and an overview of the current evidence-based strategies for implicit bias education of future medical providers. Method: Guided by the exploratory question of discovering the ways Physician Assistant and Medical students are being taught about implicit racial (IR) bias, a search was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, ERIC, and Google Scholar. Search terms reflected keywords about IR bias education strategies with an intervention and outcome, and PA or medical students within the last 10 years. Results: Of the dozens of peer-reviewed articles on this topic, 12 were chosen for inclusion. Despite heterogeneity in the study designs in this review, there is evidence that healthcare professional student’s exhibit implicit racial or ethnic bias. In both quantitative and qualitative measures, students and faculty consistently and overwhelmingly recognize the importance ofeducation on this topic. Conclusions: There are different types of successful strategies implemented for IR bias education. There is limited and inconclusive research evidence about the impact of IR bias on clinical decision-making due to difficulty in measuring this.","PeriodicalId":90151,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and equality in health and care","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69696271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Permission or otherwise of prenuptial Sexual Transmitted Diseases (STD) on prospective spouses in Islam","authors":"A. Adamu","doi":"10.36648/2049-5471.21.12.398-407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2049-5471.21.12.398-407","url":null,"abstract":"The permission or otherwise of prenuptial STD test on prospective spouses in Islam: Premarital medical examinations on Sexual transmitted diseases (STD) promote the wellbeing of the future offspring as well as the welfare of the family and society. Marriage is a positive and effective means to protect individuals, especially young People, from indulging in illicit sexual activities that could lead to infection with the HIV, Hepatitis and inherited disease called Genotype virus. The teachings of the prophet Muhammad (SAW) urge Muslims to make marriage affordable and easy for all members of the society. Premarital medical testing on Sexual Transmitted Diseases usually tests for one or two disease because there are more than 5000 hereditable diseases and more are being discovered every day in Nigeria and the world at large. The findings revealed that, prenuptial Sexual Transmitted Diseases is permissible in Islam. Therefore needs urgent step to address the issues for precaution. Data are drawn from books, articles, scholarly journals and others.","PeriodicalId":90151,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and equality in health and care","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69693454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Use of Regional Languages or Minorities in Kosovo Based On the Legislative Structure","authors":"Safet Krasniqi, Halim Bajraktari","doi":"10.36648/2049-5471.21.18.235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2049-5471.21.18.235","url":null,"abstract":"The paper includes the legal aspect and political harmonization of human rights and freedom in the context of an analysis about the legitimate and executive function of the state of Kosovo. Guaranteeing civil rights it’s a part of and obligation that Kosovo institutions have, that are accorded in the legal structure of the fundamental human rights. This approach, mostly has to do with the majority community in Kosovo, that legally and politically are constitutional category.","PeriodicalId":90151,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and equality in health and care","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69694687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Health System Infrastructure and Economic Effects of COVID-19 in OECD Countries, the Policy Responses of Nations and International Organizations against Pandemic","authors":"Metin Gürler, OzlemOzsoy","doi":"10.36648/2049-5471.21.18.233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2049-5471.21.18.233","url":null,"abstract":"Background: COVID-19 became pandemic in a short time and has spread affectingthe countries negatively in economic, social and political life all over the world.Governments and international organizationsare taking protective measures to decrease the effect of the pandemic on total economy and households. Aim: This study aims to investigate the growth rates of confirmed cases and deaths related to COVID-19 and analyse the health system infrastructure and economic effects of COVID-19 in OECD countries, the policy responses of nations and international organizations against pandemic. Methods: The data for the COVID-19 confirmed cases and deaths was gathered from European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and was smoothed with Simple Moving Average process to remove trend and reduce volatility. The cumulative growth rates for COVID-19 confirmed cases and deaths were calculated by natural logarithmic values.In the study the health infrastructure and human resources and the impact of COVID-19 on the economy and foreign trade for the countries were also analysed. Results: In five months total confirmed cases and deaths exceeded five million and three hundred thousand respectively all over the world. Due to COVID-19 confirmed cases and deaths in some countries have increased rapidly due to insufficient health systems. Since the internal and external demand decreased and the supply chain was destructed the countries faced contracting GDP, foreign trade, tax revenues and employment where individuals had job and income loss. Conclusion: Rapidly spreading COVID-19 heavily affects human life and economies in countries. Governments and international organizations are taking protective measures and responses against the pandemic quickly. Staying at home, keeping social distance and taking lockdown decisions for settlements will change attitudes and behaviours. Pandemic will be destructive for some countries where it will be an opportunity for others who have strong infrastructure for health systems, medical products, food and online sales.","PeriodicalId":90151,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and equality in health and care","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69694774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia in Frailty: Moving Forward","authors":"Aryal Neelu, Zhang Weihong","doi":"10.36648/2049-5471.21.18.244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2049-5471.21.18.244","url":null,"abstract":"Often considered to be a pre-disability condition, frailty is gaining rapid consensus among clinicians and caretakers alike. This in turn, has called for a unified consensus defining frailty among the medical community that can be used by health professionals. Traditionally, geriatric medicine was considered to be the sole medical branch responsible for defining, treating and managing frailty. However, due to the changing demographics of elderly population and recent research defining multitude of factors responsible for frailty, only a single branch of medicine cannot be held responsible for management of such condition. Since frailty is not an organ specific disability and cannot be bound to a single idea, it should be approached in a multi- disciplinary manner. However, most clinicians and caretakers admit to osteoporosis and sarcopenia being a major contributor to frailty. Osteoporosis and sarcopenia among the elderly is a widely varied subject with an even wider etiology. Combining the idea of osteoporosisand sarcopenia with frailty has gained much traction in recent years.","PeriodicalId":90151,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and equality in health and care","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69696220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of Maternal Near Miss among Women Receiving Care at Wolaita Sodo University Teaching Hospital, Southern Ethiopia: Institution Based Cross Sectional Study......","authors":"Wotaro Balta Dana, Dubale Dulla","doi":"10.36648/2049-5471.21.18.257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2049-5471.21.18.257","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Maternal near miss (MNM) is defined as “woman nearly died but survived a complication that occurred during pregnancy, child birth or within 42 days of terminations of pregnancy”. Objective: To assess the frequency and predictors of maternal near miss among women receiving obstetrical & gynecologic care at Wolaita Sodo University Teaching and Referral Hospital (WSUTRH). Methods: An institution based cross- sectional study design was employed from 15th April to 15th June 2017. The total sample size was 508 and the Kth interval was used to recruit the study participants. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression model were used. Results: The prevalence of MNM is146 out of 508(28.7%). Most MNM conditions are due to unsafe abortions. Traveling long distance ≥ 25KM (AOR=2.36; 95% CI: 1.27-4.39), Single ANC visit(AOR= 2.17; 95%CI: 1.07-4.41), administrative problems (AOR= 3.69; 95% CI:1.14-11.88), Primi/ multigravida(AOR=0.48; 95%CI: 0.24-.99), bad obstetric history (AOR= 2.53; 95% CI: 1.22-5.27) and history of previous C/S(AOR= 2.61; 95%CI:1.19-5.74) were significant predictors of maternal near misses. Conclusions: The frequency of MNM was high in WSUTRH . Preventing maternal delay and improving quality of care at all settings are recommended.","PeriodicalId":90151,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and equality in health and care","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69696694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empathy training for nursing students: A systematic review","authors":"L. Xia","doi":"10.36648/2049-5471.21.18.267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2049-5471.21.18.267","url":null,"abstract":"Effective empathy training interventions based on scientific evidence becomes essential. A theoretical framework should guide the proposed interventions and be coherent with the evaluation of the dimensions taking in account that empathy is currently a multidimensional concept. The study aimed to determine, for nursing students, what is the effectiveness of experiential versus humanistic training, in terms of improvement of empathic ability (dimensions) and maintenance over time of what has been learned, and to establish the degree of coherence between the proposed theoretical model and the trained and evaluated dimensions. A systematic review using six databases was performed. The data were synthesised, and the risk of bias was analysed using the Equator Guidelines. Nine articles were selected. Further evidence of the effectiveness of experiential intervention against humanistic educational strategies was observed. Most studies were not based on a solid theoretical framework and, in these cases, inconsistency between empathic trained dimensions and those evaluated was detected. Although a better understanding of training time variable is required, middle-term interventions are recommended. Increasing the multicentre controlled trials; specifying the intervention that includes the empathy dimensions; triangulating the data from health professionals, patients, and external observers; and including monitoring, becomes a necessity.","PeriodicalId":90151,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and equality in health and care","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69696861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}