Diversity and equality in health and care最新文献

{"title":"An Overview of Investigational Drugs for the Treatment of Covid-19","authors":"Aman Kapoor, A. Ankalgi, U. Thakur, M. Ashawat, R. Bhatia","doi":"10.36648/2049-5471.18.225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2049-5471.18.225","url":null,"abstract":"SARS-CoV-2 has been emerged from Wuhan in China and has now shacked out more than 200 Countries and territories all over the world. World’s best scientists are contributing and endeavouring to find drugs, immuno-modulators and vaccines for the treatment of COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 virus is a betacoronavirus and positive-stranded RNA virus that originates from the Coronaviridae family. The most important structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 are spike trimeric (S) protein, membrane (M) protein, envelop (E) protein and the nucleocapsid (N) protein. The SARS-CoV-2 begins its life cycle, when the S protein binds with the host cells receptor ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2). The viral protein(M) and genome (Protein-N) RNA eventually get assembled into virions (with Protein-S and HE), Endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. According to the various research reports, there aremore than 50 drugs, immunomodulators and vaccines that may be effective against COVID-19. Some drugs had shown the in vitro activity against MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. The aim of this review is to highlight the properties,structure, life cycle of SARS-CoV-2 and description of the agents which show potential efficacy against SARS-CoV-2.","PeriodicalId":90151,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and equality in health and care","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69693050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthy Food Promotion for Populations Wellbeing: The Saudi National Initiative","authors":"Manal M Samark","doi":"10.36648/2049-5471.21.18.219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2049-5471.21.18.219","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity, diabetes, and other significant consequences of unhealthy diet added financial and social burden to all countries. Therefore, active communities found that healthy diet promotion through governmental and non-governmental organizations can effectively raise the populations’ level of awareness and provide access to healthy food options. This will eventually facilitate the adoption of healthy eating habits and significantly impact the population’s health. A Healthy Food Promotion (HFP) national program will be conducted in Saudi Arabia as a part of the 2030 vision, which aims at offering a fulfilling and healthy life. The program will include designing and implementing several initiatives that aim at enhancing the eating habits and the wellbeing of the Saudi population.","PeriodicalId":90151,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and equality in health and care","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69693470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The COVID-19 Pandemic: An American Health Divide","authors":"Akhil Pedada","doi":"10.36648/2049-5471.21.18.228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2049-5471.21.18.228","url":null,"abstract":"The results show that, in U.S., there is a higher incidence of COVID -19 in under- resourced than non-under resourced communities [2]. Besides being under-resourced or underserved, there are also some long-term social factors that significantly contribute to and serve as determinants of the quality of health and social wellbeing of African- Americans and other ethnic minorities. According to the Center for Disease Control (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO), health is defined as: the physiological, mental and social well-being of a person or group. According to the Office of Minority Health (OMH), these chronic diseases have contributed to African Americans having the highest mortality rate associated with COVID-19 deaths [6]. [...]African Americans and other ethnic minorities have been exposed for many generations to long-term toxins in workplace and other non-workplace environments. [...]the disproportionate number of black physicians as compared to white physicians also contributes to the socioeconomic and health/healthcare inequities or needs in under resourced communities.","PeriodicalId":90151,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and equality in health and care","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69693621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Physician Attire in the Patient-Physician Relationship between Latino Patients and Physicians in South Bend, Indiana and Minneapolis, Minnesota","authors":"Michael Newcome, M. Alex, Rova, S. Berry","doi":"10.36648/2049-5471.21.18.241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2049-5471.21.18.241","url":null,"abstract":"This project investigated how the clothing of physicians influences patient trust, confidence, and satisfaction. It was be conducted at Casa de Amistad, Centro Tyrone Guzman, and Notre Dame, organizations that serve the Latino communities of Minnesota and South Bend, Indiana. Responses and data were measured using a Qualtrics survey to analyze the perspectives of patients. The Qualtrics survey was distributed through pieces of paper, social media and zoom. Researchers found that the white coat was preferred by patients in almost every situation except for surgery, and many patients responded that they would me more likely to follow the instructions of and return to the physician in the white coat. However, the white coat was identified as one of the more intimidating clothing types, so its effects on the patient have yet to be determined.","PeriodicalId":90151,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and equality in health and care","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69695413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Covid-19 Pandemic and Impact On India's FP2020 Goals: Estimates and Reality","authors":"Himadri Pathak","doi":"10.36648/2049-5471.21.18.238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2049-5471.21.18.238","url":null,"abstract":"Family planning is now viewed as a developmental behavior. It not only improves maternal and infant health but also is directly linked to the overall well-being of the family. India has a high unmet need and the use of modern contraceptives is not satisfactory though it has improved a lot currently. Achieving the FP 2020 goals an important activity of the government. Covid 19 pandemic has stood as a barrier in family planning service delivery. Experts voiced concerns about rising unwanted pregnancies, unsafe abortions during the pandemic, and the rise of maternal and infant mortality during the post covid period due to falls in contraceptive services. Perceived thoughts and reality is discussed.","PeriodicalId":90151,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and equality in health and care","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69695509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiometabolic Risks in Adolescent Obesity","authors":"James Maitlall, S. Mughal","doi":"10.36648/2049-5471.21.18.254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2049-5471.21.18.254","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Currently, childhood obesity is a major public health issue in the Western world. There has been evidence citing that although obesity is a major problem during adolescence, it could also be the beginning of more serious conditions during adulthood. Because of this, numerous studies have been conducted to understand childhood obesity, most of which rely on cardiometabolic risk factors to predict and determine the prevalence of childhood obesity. This study aims to correlate childhood obesity with cardiometabolic factors to generate insights on forthcoming studies on this subject matter. Methods: This study relies on research into the verified risks linked to childhood obesity. Reliance of secondary sources of data, which include journals and textbooks that are relevant to this study were also included. Database (PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar) searches including key terms such as “childhood obesity”, “cardiometabolic risks”, “childhood obesity risks” and “metabolic syndromes” were used. Strategically, articles were included as early as the 1970s to track the changes in diet and lifestyle, which could be implicated as risk factors. This study consists of different populations of children from various parts of the U.S., which in consequently explores the implications of socioeconomic differences. Results: It has been shown that childhood obesity is associated with numerous cardiometabolic risks that can affect both children and adults. Additionally, evidence shows that childhood obesity has a high morbidity and mortality. It also has been shown that childhood obesity has been found to lead to exacerbation cardiovascular risk factors during adulthood. The evidence generated on this subject is not on par with meta-analyses and randomized controlled trials as the majority of these studies were non-experimental. Conclusion: The study into the association between childhood obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors as well as adult cardiometabolic risk factors underlines the requisite for more research on this subject matter. Suggested studies should include the restructuring of the general management of childhood obesity as well as associated risks for current and future generations. Although there is considerable information available on childhood obesity and related cardiometabolic risk factors, the validity as well as reliability that more assertive studies such as Random Controlled Trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses have been yet to be included.","PeriodicalId":90151,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and equality in health and care","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69695921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The MMR vaccine and the Emergence of Disease","authors":"Sulman Mugha, Andrew Yacoub, M. El-Khatib","doi":"10.36648/2049-5471.21.18.256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2049-5471.21.18.256","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between MMR vaccine and ASD to this day has been a big problem in the public eye. The presumed causality of ASD from MMR vaccine has led to a big portion of parents worldwide to not vaccinate their children with the MMR vaccine. If there was a correlation between the MMR vaccine and ASD, then there should have been a rise in ASD cases the more children get vaccinated. To fully analyze the connection between ASD and the MMR vaccine, both case studies and qualitative studies were accessed. Qualitative studies provided information regarding the repercussions of under-vaccination over the years, while case studies were used to study any potential causal effects of the MMR vaccine and ASD. Many studies and journals were accessed from PubMed and Medline Plus. Through all the accessed studies there has been no significant statistical correlation between MMR vaccine and autism. Health care professionals need to play a big role in educating parents about vaccines and the unproven claims of disease that the general public might think they cause. Hypothesis: If there was a correlation between the MMR vaccine and ASD, then there should have been a rise in ASD cases the more children get vaccinated.","PeriodicalId":90151,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and equality in health and care","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69696131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A concept analysis of cultural competence in nursing","authors":"Yang Qin","doi":"10.36648/2049-5471.21.18.260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2049-5471.21.18.260","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90151,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and equality in health and care","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69696472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facilitating Accommodation of Learners with Disabilities in Summative Assessment of Literacy in Tanzania through Mobile Application (Empowering Learners in a Digital World)","authors":"M. Saimon, F. Mtenzi","doi":"10.36648/2049-5471.21.18.237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2049-5471.21.18.237","url":null,"abstract":"Lack of proficiency in using languages (except sign languages) among people with hearing impairment poses difficulties for them to comprehend health-related information and thus, having low health literacy. To bridge this gap, health care providers adopt various communication practices to reach people with hearing impairment (HI), some of which prove success while others prove failure. Consequently, reflection on health literacy communications becomes paramount for the sustainability of health education for people with HI. The present study reflects on communication practices during Covid-19 pandemic control in Tanzania contexts in relation to people with hearing impairment. The study adopted a qualitative research approach in which the data were collected through interviews from five (5) people with HI obtained through a snowball sampling technique, and three (3) health care providers who were purposively sampled. Findings showed that adopted communication practices (writing on papers, lip-reading, and using family members as interpreters) were perceived as less effective by people with hearing impairment. Instead, people with HI preferred communication from other sources that used sign language. Therefore, calls for healthcare providers’ pre-service and in-service training programs to impart skills for communicating properly with HI to all healthcare providers.","PeriodicalId":90151,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and equality in health and care","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69694935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between mental health and smartphone over dependence among multicultural adolescents and general adolescents","authors":"Kyung-shin Paek","doi":"10.36648/2049-5471.21.18.264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2049-5471.21.18.264","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Multicultural adolescents are increasing every year in Korea, and multicultural adolescents have many difficulties compared to general adolescents because their parents have different cultural backgrounds. In particular, adolescents are highly dependent on smartphones, which negatively affects their mental health. This study was to identify the correlation between stress awareness, depression experience, generalized anxiety disorder, and smartphone overdependence of multicultural adolescents and general adolescents. Method: Data from the 16th online survey of youth health behavior (2020) was used to analyze 39,987 adolescents. The data were analyzed using complex sample analysis by using SPSS/Win 22.0 Results: There was no significant difference in stress awareness, depression, generalized anxiety disorder, and smartphone overdependence between multicultural and general adolescents. Multicultural adolescents showed significantly higher control failure of smartphone overdependence. The use time of smartphones on weekdays and weekends was significantly higher in multicultural youth. In both multicultural and general adolescents, smartphone overdependence was higher in the middle-level academic achievement and the higher the stress awareness and generalized anxiety disorder, the higher the possibility of smartphone overdependence. The smartphone overdependence of general youth was significantly related to gender, age, school level, residence type, and depression. Conclusion: To prevent adolescents€™ overdependence on smartphones, it needs to differentiate approaches according to the characteristics of multicultural and general adolescents.","PeriodicalId":90151,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and equality in health and care","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69696841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}