Biology Letters最新文献_第5页

Correction: 'Vampire bats rapidly fuel running with essential or non-essential amino acids from a blood meal' (2024), by Rossi and Welch. 更正：“吸血蝙蝠从血液中摄取必需或非必需氨基酸，迅速为奔跑提供能量”（2024年），罗西和韦尔奇。

IF 3 2区生物学

Biology Letters Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-06 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2025.0088

Giulia S Rossi, Kenneth C Welch

引用次数: 0

Constraining the lifespans of early animals of the Ediacaran. 限制了埃迪卡拉纪早期动物的寿命

IF 3 2区生物学

Biology Letters Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-20 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2025.0348

Emily G Mitchell, Alavya Dhungana

{"title":"Constraining the lifespans of early animals of the Ediacaran.","authors":"Emily G Mitchell, Alavya Dhungana","doi":"10.1098/rsbl.2025.0348","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsbl.2025.0348","url":null,"abstract":"Lifespans fundamentally impact life-history traits. These traits influence the tempo of biological cycles such as nutrient cycling and macro-evolutionary patterns over geological time. Yet, the lifespans of the first animals, found during the Ediacaran Period (approx. 580-539 Ma), are not well constrained, limiting our understanding of ecological and evolutionary change of early animals. In this study, we use the metabolic theory of ecology to estimate the maximum lifespans and evolutionary rates of 10 key Ediacaran taxa, constraining maximum lifespan variation for different environmental temperatures and modularity. We find a large range of different maximum lifespans for Ediacaran taxa (0.53-30.2 years), with longer lifespans in colder environments and for modular organisms (up to 40.4 years). Evolutionary rates were most impacted by environmental temperature, with the fastest evolutionary rates found in small, warm-water taxa. Ediacaran organisms pre-date macro-predation and so do not suffer this key downside of small body size. Therefore, these small, warm-water taxa kept the advantages of these higher evolutionary rates, without the predatory downside. The release from predation coupled to these fast evolutionary rates could help to explain the large morphological and taxonomic diversity found in the shallow-water Ediacaran assemblages, in contrast to the colder, deep-water assemblages.","PeriodicalId":9005,"journal":{"name":"Biology Letters","volume":"21 8","pages":"20250348"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12364566/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144882012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Flexibility of metabolic rate to temperature coincides with diapause strategy. 代谢率对温度的适应性与滞育策略一致。

IF 3 2区生物学

Biology Letters Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-20 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2025.0192

Kevin Roberts, Henrika J Bosua, Philipp Lehmann

{"title":"Flexibility of metabolic rate to temperature coincides with diapause strategy.","authors":"Kevin Roberts, Henrika J Bosua, Philipp Lehmann","doi":"10.1098/rsbl.2025.0192","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsbl.2025.0192","url":null,"abstract":"During dormancy, insects operate on a fixed energy budget and suppress metabolic rate to extend the duration that their energy reserves last. Extending energy stores to last an entire winter can pose a significant challenge, as some habitats have winters that last most of the year. There are cases where insects enter dormancy in mid-summer and remain until the following spring. This multi-season dormancy should pose an even more significant energetic challenge, since these insects must conserve energy during winter, as well as the warmest period of summer. We compared metabolic rate-temperature curves of two related species of pierid butterflies: Pieris napi, which is dormant through winter, and Anthocharis cardamines, which exhibits a multi-season dormancy. This comparison was conducted at several time points under 18°C and 2°C acclimation conditions. We found that A. cardamines can maintain considerable metabolic suppression when acclimated to high temperatures, which is only maintained until they are exposed to low temperatures. Overall P. napi exhibits much lower levels of metabolic plasticity. Metabolic suppression exhibited in A. cardamines is enough to prevent increased rates of mass loss at high temperatures. Together, this provides evidence that both environment and life history timing of dormancy can shape metabolic plasticity.","PeriodicalId":9005,"journal":{"name":"Biology Letters","volume":"21 8","pages":"20250192"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12364584/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144882013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Task affordances shape hornbills' problem-solving strategies. 任务支持塑造了犀鸟的问题解决策略。

IF 3 2区生物学

Biology Letters Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-20 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2025.0271

Elias Garcia-Pelegrin

{"title":"Task affordances shape hornbills' problem-solving strategies.","authors":"Elias Garcia-Pelegrin","doi":"10.1098/rsbl.2025.0271","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsbl.2025.0271","url":null,"abstract":"Innovative problem-solving in birds has traditionally focused on corvids and parrots, but growing evidence shows that many other bird species are also capable of such feats. The vertical string-pulling paradigm, a hallmark test of avian cognition, requires birds to retrieve suspended food by incrementally pulling the string with their bill while securing it with their foot, demonstrating sensorimotor flexibility and the capacity to perceive some of the task's properties. However, Oriental pied hornbills (Anthracoceros albirostris) present an interesting case due to their distinctive foot morphology; their fused proximal phalanges may limit their ability to employ the typical foot assisted string-pulling technique used by other birds. In this study, six hornbills were presented with two string-pulling tasks, each requiring a different approach. Despite their anatomical constraints, five birds solved both problems on their first encounter, with average solution times under 18 s. Strikingly, individuals immediately deployed distinct and appropriate strategies: vigorous shaking to dislodge unsecured rewards and coordinated bill-and-tongue manipulation for secured ones. These rapid, flexible responses suggest that hornbills are highly sensitive to task properties and capable of adjusting their behaviour based on both environmental structure and their own morphology.","PeriodicalId":9005,"journal":{"name":"Biology Letters","volume":"21 8","pages":"20250271"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12364582/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144882015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Direct evidence of trophic interaction between a crocodyliform and a large terror bird in the Middle Miocene of La Venta, Colombia. 哥伦比亚拉文塔中新世中期鳄鱼形动物与大型恐鸟营养相互作用的直接证据。

IF 3 2区生物学

Biology Letters Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-23 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2025.0113

Andres Link, Jorge Wilson Moreno-Bernal, Federico Javier Degrange, Siobhan B Cooke, Luis Gonzalo Ortiz-Pabon, Cesar Augusto Perdomo-Rojas, Rodolfo Salas-Gismondi

{"title":"Direct evidence of trophic interaction between a crocodyliform and a large terror bird in the Middle Miocene of La Venta, Colombia.","authors":"Andres Link, Jorge Wilson Moreno-Bernal, Federico Javier Degrange, Siobhan B Cooke, Luis Gonzalo Ortiz-Pabon, Cesar Augusto Perdomo-Rojas, Rodolfo Salas-Gismondi","doi":"10.1098/rsbl.2025.0113","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsbl.2025.0113","url":null,"abstract":"Direct evidence of predation and other trophic relationships provide valuable information about trophic interactions between species in palaeo-communities. Data on ecological interactions amongst extant apex predators open a unique opportunity to better understand how sympatric apex predators coexisted or interacted with each other in the past. Here, we describe direct evidence of a predation or scavenging event in which we hypothesize that a medium-sized caiman (possibly Purussaurus neivensis) consumed (either through scavenging or through direct predation) a large terror bird. The distal part of a left tibiotarsus from a phorusrhacid had four pits inflicted on the cortical bone, and no signs of healing, suggesting it did not survive this trophic event. This record contributes to our current understanding of prey consumed by P. neivensis in the wetlands of the Pebas System of South America and indicates that large phorusrhacids might have had higher predation risk than previously expected. This study provides evidence of a trophic relation between apex predators and the complexity of trophic interactions in the diverse vertebrate palaeo-community of La Venta in the Middle Miocene of northern South America.","PeriodicalId":9005,"journal":{"name":"Biology Letters","volume":"21 7","pages":"20250113"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12308325/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144688850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring the role of microbiota in mediating sexually dimorphic infection outcomes in mealworm beetles. 探索微生物群在介导粉虫甲虫两性二型感染结果中的作用。

IF 3 2区生物学

Biology Letters Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-30 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2025.0136

Srijan Seal, Devashish Kumar, Pavankumar Thunga, Pawan Khangar, Manisha Gupta, Dipendra Nath Basu, Rhitoban Raychoudhury, Imroze Khan

{"title":"Exploring the role of microbiota in mediating sexually dimorphic infection outcomes in mealworm beetles.","authors":"Srijan Seal, Devashish Kumar, Pavankumar Thunga, Pawan Khangar, Manisha Gupta, Dipendra Nath Basu, Rhitoban Raychoudhury, Imroze Khan","doi":"10.1098/rsbl.2025.0136","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsbl.2025.0136","url":null,"abstract":"Sexually dimorphic responses to pathogenic infections in animals may stem from sex-specific differences in their life history and immune investment. Recent evidence highlights that such sex-specific variations in immune responses can also be critically regulated by the microbiota. However, direct experiments to test how the microbiota jointly impacts sex-specific immunity and vulnerability to pathogens are still limited. To this end, we used Tenebrio molitor beetles to first establish that the sexes appear to differ in their microbiota composition and infection responses. Females were more vulnerable to bacterial infections and carried a higher bacterial load than males. When we depleted the microbiota, only females improved their post-infection survival, leading to a decrease in the level of sex-specific divergence in infection outcomes. Males, on the other hand, remained unaffected. Microbiota recolonization (via feeding on faecal matter) of microbiota-depleted females increased their susceptibility to infection again, restoring the strong sexual dimorphism. We thus found a potential association between microbiota and infection responses. We also found reduced expression of an antimicrobial peptide, tenecin 1, in females, which could be associated with their higher infection susceptibility, but such immune gene versus phenotypic associations were not consistent across microbiota manipulations. Immune strategies that are required to mediate the plausible links between microbiota and infection response might thus vary with microbiota manipulations, warranting future investigations.","PeriodicalId":9005,"journal":{"name":"Biology Letters","volume":"21 7","pages":"20250136"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12308324/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144741103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Decoding thermal resilience in fish: acute warming tolerance is associated with neural failure in rainbow trout. 解码鱼类的热恢复力：虹鳟鱼的急性变暖耐受性与神经衰竭有关。

IF 3 2区生物学

Biology Letters Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-30 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2025.0132

Andreas Ekström, Irena Senčić, Jeroen Brijs, Albin Gräns, Erik Sandblom

{"title":"Decoding thermal resilience in fish: acute warming tolerance is associated with neural failure in rainbow trout.","authors":"Andreas Ekström, Irena Senčić, Jeroen Brijs, Albin Gräns, Erik Sandblom","doi":"10.1098/rsbl.2025.0132","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsbl.2025.0132","url":null,"abstract":"As an effect of climate change, heatwaves pose an increasingly more frequent and severe threat to fish populations. Yet, the physiological mechanisms underlying thermal tolerance in fish remain unclear. One hypothesis is that thermal tolerance may be limited by neural failure at high temperatures. Here, we used an electrophysiological approach to test this by assessing the relationship between brain function, determined via recordings of visually evoked responses (VERs) on the electroencephalogram (EEG), and cardioventilatory performance, determined via recordings of ventilatory electromyography (EMG) and electrocardiogram (ECG), in adult rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to a critical thermal maximum (CTmax) protocol. Our results show that normal brain function is preserved at moderate to high temperatures; however, at CTmax, the fish exhibited loss of VERs, indicating brain dysfunction associated with insensibility. This suggests a strong link between neural failure and upper thermal tolerance in fish. Although heart and ventilatory rates increased with warming, heart rate significantly declined at CTmax. Interestingly, ventilation rate remained high even at extreme temperatures and at CTmax, indicating that neural ventilatory drive was maintained across thermal extremes. The factors underlying thermally induced neural failure and its implications for fish in a warming world require further investigation.","PeriodicalId":9005,"journal":{"name":"Biology Letters","volume":"21 7","pages":"20250132"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12308358/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144741102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Loss of the starvation-and-light fruitbody formation trigger in the myxomycete Physarum roseum. 粘菌玫瑰绒泡菌中饥饿和光子实体形成触发器的丢失。

IF 3 2区生物学

Biology Letters Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-30 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2025.0215

Mana Masui, Phillip K Yamamoto, Nobuaki Kono

{"title":"Loss of the starvation-and-light fruitbody formation trigger in the myxomycete Physarum roseum.","authors":"Mana Masui, Phillip K Yamamoto, Nobuaki Kono","doi":"10.1098/rsbl.2025.0215","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsbl.2025.0215","url":null,"abstract":"Myxomycetes are unicellular amoebozoans that form fruiting bodies to reproduce, a process known as sporulation. In the model species Physarum polycephalum, plasmodia form fruiting bodies only after several days of starvation followed by light exposure. It has long been assumed that the same starvation-plus-light trigger applies to the genus Physarum. Recent observations of congeners that fail to sporulate under the same conditions have raised doubts about this assumption and prompted tentative taxonomic reconsideration. Because comparable starvation and light tests are rare for other species of Physarum, their phenotypes and molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Consequently, we investigated Physarum rigidum and Physarum roseum under starvation and light conditions. Four of the six P. rigidum plasmodia sporulated by day 6, whereas P. roseum did not sporulate within 7 days. RNA-seq of P. roseum across nutrient-rich/starved and dark/light conditions revealed differential expression was driven chiefly by nutrition; light caused only minor changes and did not elicit the transcriptional programme characteristic of P. polycephalum sporulation. The photoreceptor genes that drive sporulation in P. polycephalum were not detected in P. roseum, and 92 candidate photoreceptor genes showed no significant regulation. These findings suggest that P. roseum responds only minimally to light stimulation and that the starvation-plus-light trigger is not universally retained within the genus Physarum.","PeriodicalId":9005,"journal":{"name":"Biology Letters","volume":"21 7","pages":"20250215"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12308756/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144741104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lactate as a key energy source facilitating cooperative behaviour in helper Damaraland mole-rats. 乳酸是促进帮助者大鼠合作行为的关键能量来源。

IF 3 2区生物学

Biology Letters Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-09 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2025.0006

Giséle S Cumming, Nigel C Bennett, David M Scantlebury, Daniel William Hart, Paul J Jacobs

{"title":"Lactate as a key energy source facilitating cooperative behaviour in helper Damaraland mole-rats.","authors":"Giséle S Cumming, Nigel C Bennett, David M Scantlebury, Daniel William Hart, Paul J Jacobs","doi":"10.1098/rsbl.2025.0006","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsbl.2025.0006","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the metabolic factors that may aid in the division of labour in cooperatively breeding Damaraland mole-rat (Fukomys damarensis) colonies, particularly during digging activities. In these group-living mammals, both breeders and non-breeders participate in digging, among other cooperative tasks; however, non-breeding males and females (NBFs), often referred to as 'helpers', undertake this task at a higher frequency and engage in other energetically demanding activities more often than their breeding counterparts. We investigated how variation in glucose and lactate levels, two key energy substrates, relates to different levels of digging activity between breeders and non-breeders and how these metabolic patterns might underpin reproductive differences in activity and energy budgets. While both breeding females (BFs) and NBFs exhibited similar decreases in glucose levels after digging, lactate dynamics revealed a key distinction, NBFs experienced a significant drop in plasma lactate, suggesting lactate utilization. In contrast, BFs showed an increase in lactate, indicating its accumulation rather than utilization, potentially contributing to their reduced involvement in digging activity. These findings suggest that lactate recycling and metabolism may play a crucial role in sustaining prolonged physical exertion in NBFs, providing a potential physiological explanation for the division of labour in mole-rat colonies.","PeriodicalId":9005,"journal":{"name":"Biology Letters","volume":"21 7","pages":"20250006"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12308360/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144590380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Male sea lamprey countersignal relative to their baseline pheromone but not the intensity of rivals' signals. 雄性海七鳃鳗发出的信号与它们的基线信息素有关，但与对手发出的信号强度无关。

IF 3 2区生物学

Biology Letters Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-09 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2025.0108

Tyler J Buchinger, Skye D Fissette, Ugo Bussy, Belinda Huerta, Sonam Tamrakar, Weiming Li

{"title":"Male sea lamprey countersignal relative to their baseline pheromone but not the intensity of rivals' signals.","authors":"Tyler J Buchinger, Skye D Fissette, Ugo Bussy, Belinda Huerta, Sonam Tamrakar, Weiming Li","doi":"10.1098/rsbl.2025.0108","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsbl.2025.0108","url":null,"abstract":"Animals signalling to potential mates inadvertently reveal information to sexual rivals. In species that communicate with visual or acoustic signals, rivals are well documented to use this information to optimize their own signalling strategy based on the current level of competitive risk. We studied how males fine-tune their signals after exposure to varying levels of simulated competition in a species that relies on chemical signals, the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus). Sea lamprey aggregate on spawning grounds in streams, where males each build a nest and signal to females using the sex pheromone 3-keto petromyzonol sulphate (3kPZS). We hypothesized that males use the concentration of environmental 3kPZS to infer the level of competitive risk and adjust their 3kPZS release proportionally. Males increased 3kPZS release after exposure to 3kPZS but, contrary to our hypothesis, the change in release was similar across concentrations from 5 × 10-7 M down to 5 × 10-13 M. Interestingly, the increase in 3kPZS release after exposure to 3kPZS was negatively correlated with baseline release rates. Taken together, our results indicate male sea lamprey adjust their pheromone signals based on the presence of rivals and their own baseline signal but not any graded assessment of competition risk.","PeriodicalId":9005,"journal":{"name":"Biology Letters","volume":"21 7","pages":"20250108"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12308346/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144590381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0