Biology Letters最新文献_第4页

Chicks produce consonant, sometimes jazzy, sounds. 小鸡会发出辅音，有时是爵士乐的声音。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Biology Letters Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2024.0374

Gianmarco Maldarelli, Andrea Dissegna, Andrea Ravignani, Cinzia Chiandetti

{"title":"Chicks produce consonant, sometimes jazzy, sounds.","authors":"Gianmarco Maldarelli, Andrea Dissegna, Andrea Ravignani, Cinzia Chiandetti","doi":"10.1098/rsbl.2024.0374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2024.0374","url":null,"abstract":"Several animal species prefer consonant over dissonant sounds, a building block of musical scales and harmony. Could consonance and dissonance be linked, beyond music, to the emotional valence of vocalizations? We extracted the fundamental frequency from calls of young chickens with either positive or negative emotional valence, i.e. contact, brood and food calls. For each call, we calculated the frequency ratio between the maximum and the minimum values of the fundamental frequency, and we investigated which frequency ratios occurred with higher probability. We found that, for all call types, the most frequent ratios matched perfect consonance, like an arpeggio in pop music. These music-like intervals, based on the auditory frequency resolution of chicks, cannot be miscategorized into contiguous dissonant intervals. When we analysed frequency ratio distributions at a finer-grained level, we found some dissonant ratios in the contact calls produced during distress only, thus sounding a bit jazzy. Complementing the empirical data, our computational simulations suggest that physiological constraints can only partly explain both consonances and dissonances in chicks' phonation. Our data add to the mounting evidence that the building blocks of human musical traits can be found in several species, even phylogenetically distant from us.","PeriodicalId":9005,"journal":{"name":"Biology Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11421896/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142341083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adaptation to soil type contributes little to local adaptation in an Italian and a Swedish ecotype of Arabidopsis thaliana on contrasting soils. 拟南芥的一个意大利生态型和一个瑞典生态型对土壤类型的适应性对当地适应性的影响很小。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Biology Letters Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2024.0236

Thomas James Ellis, Jon Ågren

引用次数: 0

Highly virulent avian brood-parasitic species show elevated embryonic metabolic rates at specific incubation stages compared to less virulent and non-parasitic species. 与毒力较弱的非寄生物种相比，毒力较强的鸟类育雏寄生物种在特定孵化阶段会表现出较高的胚胎代谢率。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Biology Letters Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2024.0411

Stephanie C McClelland, Jess Lund, Tanmay Dixit, Silky Hamama, Luke A McClean, Claire N Spottiswoode, Craig R White, Matthew I M Louder, Mark E Hauber, Marcel Honza, Steven J Portugal

{"title":"Highly virulent avian brood-parasitic species show elevated embryonic metabolic rates at specific incubation stages compared to less virulent and non-parasitic species.","authors":"Stephanie C McClelland, Jess Lund, Tanmay Dixit, Silky Hamama, Luke A McClean, Claire N Spottiswoode, Craig R White, Matthew I M Louder, Mark E Hauber, Marcel Honza, Steven J Portugal","doi":"10.1098/rsbl.2024.0411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2024.0411","url":null,"abstract":"As the avian embryo grows and develops within the egg, its metabolic rate gradually increases. Obligate avian brood-parasitic birds lay their eggs in the nests of other species to avoid the costs of parental care, and all but one of these brood-parasitic species are altricial at hatching. Yet the chicks of some altricial brood-parasitic species perform the physically demanding task of evicting, stabbing or otherwise killing host progeny within days of hatching. This implies a need for high metabolic rates in the embryo, just as precocial species require. Using flow-through respirometry in situ, we investigated embryonic metabolic rates in diverse avian brood parasite lineages which either kill host offspring (high virulence) or share the nest with host young (low virulence). High-virulence brood parasite embryos exhibited higher overall metabolic rates than both non-parasitic (parental) species and low-virulence parasites. This was driven by significantly elevated metabolic rates around the halfway point of incubation. Additionally, a fine-scale analysis of the embryos of a host-parasitic pair showed faster increases in metabolic rates in the parasite. Together these results suggest that the metabolic patterns of the embryos of high-virulence parasites facilitate their early-life demands.","PeriodicalId":9005,"journal":{"name":"Biology Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11421897/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142341086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dogs with a vocabulary of object labels retain them for at least 2 years. 拥有物体标签词汇的狗狗至少能将其保留两年。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Biology Letters Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2024.0208

Shany Dror, Ádám Miklósi, Claudia Fugazza

引用次数: 0

Exploring fluctuating asymmetry in two recovering populations of the Eurasian otter. 在两个正在恢复的欧亚水獭种群中探索波动的不对称性。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Biology Letters Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2024.0103

Luca Francesco Russo, Anna Loy, Agnese Lanzetti, Anjali Goswami, Carlo Meloro

{"title":"Exploring fluctuating asymmetry in two recovering populations of the Eurasian otter.","authors":"Luca Francesco Russo, Anna Loy, Agnese Lanzetti, Anjali Goswami, Carlo Meloro","doi":"10.1098/rsbl.2024.0103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2024.0103","url":null,"abstract":"The Eurasian otter is a wide-ranging semi-aquatic mammal that underwent a significant population decline in the last century, leading to local extinctions, reduction and fragmentation of populations. The individuals of populations exposed to both external and internal stress may present the inability to produce a specific developmental outcome, generating developmental 'noise' (developmental instability (DI)). Factors contributing to DI include inbreeding depression, population bottlenecks, habitat loss and exposure to pollution. We analysed fluctuating asymmetry (FA) as a proxy of DI in two European otter populations that experienced a major decline in the 1990s. Using three-dimensional geometric morphometrics methods on skull samples of otters from the UK and Sweden, we compared the degree of FA both between populations before, during and after the decline. We found a higher FA in the UK populations compared with Sweden. The level of asymmetry differed significantly over time only in the UK population, where it was higher during the decline phase. FA in the UK populations can be attributed to the specific impact of polychlorinated biphenyls pollution that caused a bottleneck. More generally, our study suggests that habitat loss, pollution and limited gene flow may contribute to DI in declining otter populations, highlighting the need for continued investigation to identify and quantify the specific stressors behind this trend in local populations.","PeriodicalId":9005,"journal":{"name":"Biology Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11423534/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142341084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Polarized light detection in bumblebees varies with light intensity and is mediated by both the ocelli and compound eyes. 熊蜂对偏振光的探测随光照强度而变化，并由眼球和复眼介导。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Biology Letters Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2024.0299

Priscila Araújo, Gregor Belušič, Marko Ilić, James Foster, Keram Pfeiffer, Emily Baird

{"title":"Polarized light detection in bumblebees varies with light intensity and is mediated by both the ocelli and compound eyes.","authors":"Priscila Araújo, Gregor Belušič, Marko Ilić, James Foster, Keram Pfeiffer, Emily Baird","doi":"10.1098/rsbl.2024.0299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2024.0299","url":null,"abstract":"Like many insects, bumblebees use polarized light (PL) to orient and navigate. The celestial PL pattern is strongest when the sun is close to the horizon, during the dim light of dawn and dusk. In the dim light, the sensitivity of the compound eyes may not be sufficient for detecting PL or landmarks, and it has previously been hypothesized that bumblebees rely on PL from their more sensitive ocelli to navigate at dawn and dusk. Here, we tested this hypothesis using a combination of electrophysiological and behavioural tests. Specifically, we investigate whether bumblebee ocelli can detect PL and explore how the PL contribution from the ocelli and compound eyes is affected by light intensity. We find that bumblebee ocelli do indeed have PL sensitivity and that PL information can be used to guide behaviour in dim light. In bright light, however, both the compound eyes and ocelli are important for the detection of PL. Our results support the hypothesis that bumblebees use PL information from the ocelli at the low light levels that occur around dawn and dusk, and this may support their ability to forage during these periods.","PeriodicalId":9005,"journal":{"name":"Biology Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11421908/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142341087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fruit resources shape sexual selection processes in a lek mating system. 果实资源决定了狐群交配系统中的性选择过程。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Biology Letters Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2024.0284

H Luke Anderson, Jairo Cabo, Jordan Karubian

{"title":"Fruit resources shape sexual selection processes in a lek mating system.","authors":"H Luke Anderson, Jairo Cabo, Jordan Karubian","doi":"10.1098/rsbl.2024.0284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2024.0284","url":null,"abstract":"The degree to which within-population variation in sexual trait expression relates to resource heterogeneity remains poorly explored. This is particularly true in lek-mating species, where genetic explanations for male phenotypic variance and mating success are dominant. Here, we demonstrate a link between fine-scale fruit resource availability and indices of male mating success in the white-bearded manakin (Manacus manacus), a lek-mating frugivorous bird that produces energetically costly courtship displays. We used motion-activated camera traps to monitor male display behaviour and female visitation at male courts while concurrently conducting twice-monthly fruit surveys around courts. We observed significant variability in ripe fruit biomass among display courts and leks, and mean fruit biomass at courts significantly predicted male display rates. In turn, male display rate was the strongest predictor of female visitation to courts. Causal modelling supported the hypothesis that hyper-local fruit availability indirectly affects female visitation via its direct effects on male display rate. The demonstration that resource availability at fine spatial scales predicts display rate in a lekking organism-for which resource-related variables are typically not considered to play important roles in shaping male reproductive variance-has implications for the expression, honesty and maintenance of sexually selected traits under fluctuating ecological conditions.","PeriodicalId":9005,"journal":{"name":"Biology Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11423539/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142341085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effects of artificial light at night on spider brains. 夜间人造光对蜘蛛大脑的影响

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Biology Letters Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2024.0202

Nikolas J Willmott, Jay R Black, Kathryn B McNamara, Bob B M Wong, Therésa M Jones

引用次数: 0

Premeiotic endoreplication is the mechanism of obligate parthenogenesis in rock lizards of the genus Darevskia. 达雷夫斯基亚属岩栖蜥蜴的强制性孤雌生殖机制是先卵内复制。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Biology Letters Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2024.0182

Dmitry Dedukh, Marie Altmanová, Ruzanna Petrosyan, Marine Arakelyan, Eduard Galoyan, Lukáš Kratochvíl

{"title":"Premeiotic endoreplication is the mechanism of obligate parthenogenesis in rock lizards of the genus Darevskia.","authors":"Dmitry Dedukh, Marie Altmanová, Ruzanna Petrosyan, Marine Arakelyan, Eduard Galoyan, Lukáš Kratochvíl","doi":"10.1098/rsbl.2024.0182","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsbl.2024.0182","url":null,"abstract":"Among vertebrates, obligate parthenogenesis occurs exclusively in squamate reptiles. Premeiotic endoreplication in a small subset of developing oocytes has been documented as the mechanism of production of unreduced eggs in minutely explored obligate parthenogenetic lineages, namely in teiids and geckos. The situation in the lacertid genus Darevskia has been discussed for decades. Certain observations suggested that the ploidy level is restored during egg formation through a fusion of egg and polar body nuclei in Darevskia unisexualis and D. armeniaca. In this study, we re-evaluated the fusion hypothesis by studying diplotene chromosomes in adult females of sexual species D. raddei nairensis and obligate parthenogens D. armeniaca, D. dahli and D. unisexualis. We revealed 19 bivalents in the sexual species and 38 bivalents in the diploid obligate parthenogens, which uncovers premeiotic endoreplication as the mechanism of the production of non-reduced eggs in parthenogenetic females. The earlier contradicting reports can likely be attributed to the difficulty in identifying mispairing of chromosomes in pachytene, and the fact that in parthenogenetic reptiles relying on premeiotic endoreplication only a small subset of developing oocytes undergo genome doubling and overcome the pachytene checkpoint. This study highlights co-option of premeiotic endoreplication for escape from sexual reproduction in all independent hybrid origins of obligate parthenogenesis in vertebrates studied to date.","PeriodicalId":9005,"journal":{"name":"Biology Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11407861/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142280149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bat consumption by holostean fishes in the Eocene Lake Messel: insights into the trophic adaptability of extinct gars and bowfins. 始新世梅塞尔湖中全息鱼类对蝙蝠的吞食：对已灭绝的嘎斯鱼和弓鳍鱼营养适应性的认识。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Biology Letters Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2024.0194

Romain Vullo, Eberhard Frey

{"title":"Bat consumption by holostean fishes in the Eocene Lake Messel: insights into the trophic adaptability of extinct gars and bowfins.","authors":"Romain Vullo, Eberhard Frey","doi":"10.1098/rsbl.2024.0194","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsbl.2024.0194","url":null,"abstract":"Direct evidence of trophic interactions between extinct species is rarely available in the fossil record. Here, we describe fish-mammal associations from the middle Eocene of Messel (Germany), consisting of three specimens of holosteans (one Atractosteus messelensis (Lepisosteidae) and two Cyclurus kehreri (Amiidae)) each preserved with a bat specimen (Palaeochiropteryx tupaiodon) lying in close contact with its jaws. This suggests that these fishes probably died after failed swallowing attempts, with the bat wing membrane entangled in their jaws resulting in a fatal handicap. Based on data from modern gars and bowfins, A. messelensis and C. kehreri may have opportunistically attacked drowning and dying individuals or scavenged on floating/sinking carcasses. This hypothesis is also supported by the unusually high number of bat specimens preserved in the deposits of the Eocene Lake Messel, suggesting that this group of small mammals may have represented a substantial food source for generalist feeders. This is the earliest case of chiropterophagy and the first known evidence of bat consumption by lepisosteid and amiid fishes, emphasizing the high trophic variability and adaptability of these groups throughout their evolutionary histories. The newly described associations provide important information for reconstructing the Eocene Lake Messel palaeoecosystem and its trophic web.","PeriodicalId":9005,"journal":{"name":"Biology Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11371436/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142124746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0