BioScience最新文献_第2页

Clarifying ethical stances in conservation: a trolley problem thought experiment. 澄清环境保护的伦理立场：电车问题的思想实验。

IF 7.6 1区生物学

BioScience Pub Date : 2025-06-17 eCollection Date: 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biaf052

Guillaume Latombe, Ugo Arbieu, Sven Bacher, Stefano Canessa, Franck Courchamp, Stefan Dullinger, Franz Essl, Michael Glaser, Ivan Jarić, Bernd Lenzner, Anna Schertler, John R U Wilson

{"title":"Clarifying ethical stances in conservation: a trolley problem thought experiment.","authors":"Guillaume Latombe, Ugo Arbieu, Sven Bacher, Stefano Canessa, Franck Courchamp, Stefan Dullinger, Franz Essl, Michael Glaser, Ivan Jarić, Bernd Lenzner, Anna Schertler, John R U Wilson","doi":"10.1093/biosci/biaf052","DOIUrl":"10.1093/biosci/biaf052","url":null,"abstract":"Conservation policies often need to integrate scientific predictions with ethical considerations. However, different normative ethical systems at the root of conservation approaches often support different decisions, and the moral stances of stakeholders are influenced by diverse societal values and perceptions. This creates the potential for dilemmas and conflicts. In the present article, we adapt the well-known trolley problem thought experiment to a conservation context. Exploring variations in how the problem is framed enables us to highlight key concepts that need to be considered in decision-making (uncertainty; asymmetry in numbers, victims, and impacts; temporal and spatial asymmetry; causal relationships and stakeholder involvement). We argue that the trolley problem offers a simplified but flexible framework to understand and predict the factors underlying differences in moral stances across diverse conservation issues, foster communication, and facilitate informed decision-making in conservation practice.","PeriodicalId":9003,"journal":{"name":"BioScience","volume":"75 9","pages":"722-736"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12412296/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145013807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Systemic sexism in academia: an early-career viewpoint. 学术界的系统性性别歧视：一个早期职业观点。

IF 7.6 1区生物学

BioScience Pub Date : 2025-06-16 eCollection Date: 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biaf076

Olivia Del Giorgio, Gabriela Fontanarrosa, Silvia Lomáscolo, María Piquer-Rodríguez

引用次数: 0

Ozboneviz: an Australian precedent in FAIR 3D imagery and extended biodiversity collections. Ozboneviz：澳大利亚在FAIR 3D图像和扩展生物多样性收集方面的先例。

IF 7.6 1区生物学

BioScience Pub Date : 2025-06-10 eCollection Date: 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biaf064

Vera Weisbecker, Diana Fusco, Sandy Ingleby, Ariana B J Lambrides, Tiina Manne, Keith Maguire, Sue O'Connor, Thomas J Peachey, Sofia C Samper Carro, David Stemmer, Jorgo Ristevski, Jacob D van Zoelen, Pietro Viacava, Adam M Yates, Erin Mein

{"title":"Ozboneviz: an Australian precedent in FAIR 3D imagery and extended biodiversity collections.","authors":"Vera Weisbecker, Diana Fusco, Sandy Ingleby, Ariana B J Lambrides, Tiina Manne, Keith Maguire, Sue O'Connor, Thomas J Peachey, Sofia C Samper Carro, David Stemmer, Jorgo Ristevski, Jacob D van Zoelen, Pietro Viacava, Adam M Yates, Erin Mein","doi":"10.1093/biosci/biaf064","DOIUrl":"10.1093/biosci/biaf064","url":null,"abstract":"Billions of specimens are in biodiversity collections worldwide, and this infrastructure is crucial for research on Earth's natural history. Three-dimensional (3D) imagery of specimens is an increasingly important part of the digital extended specimen network of metadata. Open-access, high-fidelity 3D imagery of biodiversity specimens improves researcher efficiency and equity and increases public engagement with collections. We introduce Ozboneviz, an open-access collection of FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable) 3D imagery aiming to enhance research capacity in Australasian vertebrate skeletal morphology. Ozboneviz is an Australian test case demonstrating the feasibility of creating multi-institutional, FAIR 3D biodiversity imagery collections. We outline its project design, challenges, and use by the international research community. We then discuss the urgent need for investment in infrastructure and curatorial support to progress the digitization of Australian biodiversity collections in a way that maximizes stakeholder benefit and facilitates 3D data discoverability and retrieval.","PeriodicalId":9003,"journal":{"name":"BioScience","volume":"75 9","pages":"747-756"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12412300/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145013782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

National randomized experimental study finds no evidence of undergraduate bias against LGB biology instructors, even in LGB-unfriendly states. 全国随机实验研究发现，即使在对LGB不友好的州，也没有证据表明大学生对LGB生物教师有偏见。

IF 7.6 1区生物学

BioScience Pub Date : 2025-06-06 eCollection Date: 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biaf040

Carly A Busch, Parth B Bhanderi, Sara E Brownell, Katelyn M Cooper

{"title":"National randomized experimental study finds no evidence of undergraduate bias against LGB biology instructors, even in LGB-unfriendly states.","authors":"Carly A Busch, Parth B Bhanderi, Sara E Brownell, Katelyn M Cooper","doi":"10.1093/biosci/biaf040","DOIUrl":"10.1093/biosci/biaf040","url":null,"abstract":"Long-standing stigma against lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) individuals in academic biology dissuades instructors from revealing their identities to undergraduates. The threat of consequences following disclosure is assumed to be exacerbated in states with LGBTQ+ \"unfriendly\" reputations. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a national randomized experimental study of 2230 undergraduate biology students to assess the impact of brief instructor LGBTQ+ disclosure. Participants were randomly assigned to watch one of two teaching demonstration videos and evaluate an instructor actor. The videos were identical except, in one version, the instructor revealed an LGB identity. Across all of the participants, the reveal condition yielded moderately improved evaluations of the instructor. Despite the participants in low LGBTQ+ acceptance states perceiving that their peers would view instructor LGBTQ+ disclosure negatively, the states' LGBTQ+ acceptance did not predict the students' evaluations of the instructor actor. These findings suggest that, regardless of a state's LGBTQ+ acceptance, undergraduates' perceptions of instructors were unaffected by brief LGBTQ+ disclosure.","PeriodicalId":9003,"journal":{"name":"BioScience","volume":"75 7","pages":"559-572"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12345629/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144854313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Urban rewilding to combat global biodiversity decline. 城市野生化应对全球生物多样性下降。

IF 7.6 1区生物学

BioScience Pub Date : 2025-05-25 eCollection Date: 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biaf062

Patrick B Finnerty, Alexandra J R Carthey, Peter B Banks, Rob Brewster, Catherine E Grueber, Donna Houston, John M Martin, Phil McManus, Francesca Roncolato, Lily M van Eeden, Mareshell Wauchope, Thomas M Newsome

{"title":"Urban rewilding to combat global biodiversity decline.","authors":"Patrick B Finnerty, Alexandra J R Carthey, Peter B Banks, Rob Brewster, Catherine E Grueber, Donna Houston, John M Martin, Phil McManus, Francesca Roncolato, Lily M van Eeden, Mareshell Wauchope, Thomas M Newsome","doi":"10.1093/biosci/biaf062","DOIUrl":"10.1093/biosci/biaf062","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid urbanization is contributing to unprecedented biodiversity decline worldwide. Despite biodiversity loss being more pronounced in cities, traditional conservation efforts such as establishing large, protected areas and restoring native vegetation are largely undertaken far from urban landscapes. More proactive approaches, such as rewilding, have garnered momentum as a conservation process but remain underused in cities. In the present article, focusing on active faunal reintroductions, we explore urban rewilding as a process to restore ecological functions and enhance ecosystem resilience. Through a systematic literature review, we assess the varied aims, challenges, and definitions of success in rewilding efforts in urban contexts. Moreover, we define the unique opportunities and benefits urban rewilding presents for reconnecting people with nature, fostering community engagement, and enhancing cultural connections. Finally, we identify future research areas, including the need for long-term studies on ecological impacts, developing species selection frameworks, and exploring sociocultural dimensions of urban rewilding.","PeriodicalId":9003,"journal":{"name":"BioScience","volume":"75 7","pages":"545-558"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12345634/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144854314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Birdwatching in the digital age: how technologies shape relationships to birds. 数字时代的观鸟：技术如何塑造与鸟类的关系。

IF 7.6 1区生物学

BioScience Pub Date : 2025-05-15 eCollection Date: 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biaf047

Elin Lundquist, Jesse Peterson, Minh-Xuân Truong, Gabriel Gumucio, René van der Wal

{"title":"Birdwatching in the digital age: how technologies shape relationships to birds.","authors":"Elin Lundquist, Jesse Peterson, Minh-Xuân Truong, Gabriel Gumucio, René van der Wal","doi":"10.1093/biosci/biaf047","DOIUrl":"10.1093/biosci/biaf047","url":null,"abstract":"Advances in technologies have affected birdwatching and its popularization through time. To better understand how, we expose ways by which today's digital technology-typically taken for granted-shapes the social practices of birdwatching, which shifts human-bird relationships and has consequences for birds themselves. Starting in the transition from analogue to digital, we highlight how technologies have functioned to enhance human abilities and create connections among people, organizations, and places. We then analyze contemporary digital technologies (e.g., digital cameras, social media, and online biodiversity monitoring platforms), demonstrating how their entry into birdwatching practices reformulates the interests and power of various actors. Such processes affect the experience of birdwatching, its perceived benefits, the organization of birdwatching communities, and how birds are seen. To conclude, we address societal and ethical implications of digital technologies in birdwatching, focusing on their democratizing potential, as well as concerns over privacy, data ownership, and uneven digital engagement.","PeriodicalId":9003,"journal":{"name":"BioScience","volume":"75 7","pages":"534-544"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12345627/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144854311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

US Imperiled species and the five drivers of biodiversity loss. 美国濒危物种和生物多样性丧失的五个驱动因素。

IF 7.6 1区生物学

BioScience Pub Date : 2025-04-24 eCollection Date: 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biaf019

Talia E Niederman, Julianne N Aronson, Alison M Gainsbury, Laura A Nunes, Lindsay M Dreiss

引用次数: 0

Systematic conservation planning for nature recovery. 系统的自然恢复保护规划。

IF 7.6 1区生物学

BioScience Pub Date : 2025-04-23 eCollection Date: 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biaf030

David J Baker, Kevin J Gaston, Kristian Metcalfe, Ilya M D Maclean

{"title":"Systematic conservation planning for nature recovery.","authors":"David J Baker, Kevin J Gaston, Kristian Metcalfe, Ilya M D Maclean","doi":"10.1093/biosci/biaf030","DOIUrl":"10.1093/biosci/biaf030","url":null,"abstract":"Nature conservation is increasingly focused on recovering depleted populations and ecosystems. The United Nations General Assembly has proclaimed 2021-2030 the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration, and global commitments to ecosystem restoration in response to biodiversity, climate, and sustainable development targets are now considerable, with over 100 nations committed to halting and reversing forest loss and land degradation by 2030. The impacts of these resources on nature recovery will depend on how actions are identified and implemented. Systematic conservation planning has historically been used to prioritize areas for protection but has shown great potential to guide nature recovery actions that are underpinned by principles of spatial conservation planning. In the present article, we advocate for systematic conservation planning to target resources for nature recovery and show how well-established systematic conservation planning frameworks can be developed appropriately, particularly by integrating models for forecasting ecological, social, and economic conditions with spatial prioritization methods designed to target nature recovery resources.","PeriodicalId":9003,"journal":{"name":"BioScience","volume":"75 6","pages":"472-489"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12342869/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144844359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On the underappreciated role of scavengers in freshwater ecosystems. 关于淡水生态系统中被低估的食腐动物的作用。

IF 7.6 1区生物学

BioScience Pub Date : 2025-04-12 eCollection Date: 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biaf032

Morgan L Piczak, Robert J Lennox, Knut W Vollset, Bálint Preiszner, Tibor Erős, Grégory Bulté, Matt G Keevil, John S Richardson, Steven J Cooke

{"title":"On the underappreciated role of scavengers in freshwater ecosystems.","authors":"Morgan L Piczak, Robert J Lennox, Knut W Vollset, Bálint Preiszner, Tibor Erős, Grégory Bulté, Matt G Keevil, John S Richardson, Steven J Cooke","doi":"10.1093/biosci/biaf032","DOIUrl":"10.1093/biosci/biaf032","url":null,"abstract":"The role of scavengers is well understood in terrestrial and marine systems but less so in freshwater ecosystems. We synthesized existing knowledge of scavenger ecology in freshwater, particularly within the context of the Anthropocene, including the patchy distribution of carrion, consumer responses, competition, and transfer of energy, nutrients, and diseases. We also explored ecosystem services provided by freshwater scavengers, such as direct material benefits and improvements in water quality. In addition, we examined how human activities-such as climate change, disturbance, exploitation, and fragmentation-are affecting scavenger behavior and abundance. To mitigate these anthropogenic impacts, we identified management options for environmental practitioners and decision-makers, emphasizing the importance of integrating freshwater scavenger roles into management plans and providing adequate policy protections. Finally, we highlighted key knowledge gaps, particularly regarding how changes in scavenger populations and their food sources may alter ecosystem structure and function.","PeriodicalId":9003,"journal":{"name":"BioScience","volume":"75 6","pages":"436-447"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12342871/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144844358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Review of evidence that foxes and cats cause extinctions of Australia's endemic mammals. 狐狸和猫导致澳大利亚特有哺乳动物灭绝的证据综述。

IF 7.6 1区生物学

BioScience Pub Date : 2025-04-10 eCollection Date: 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biaf046

Arian D Wallach, Erick J Lundgren

引用次数: 0