Journal of social, behavioral and health sciences最新文献_第5页

Towards Promotion of Road Safety: Crash Diagnosis for the Odumasi-Oterkpolu Road, Ghana 促进道路安全:加纳Odumasi-Oterkpolu公路的碰撞诊断

Journal of social, behavioral and health sciences Pub Date : 2022-11-18 DOI: 10.25159/2957-3645/11845

Philip Kofi Alimo, Stephen Agyeman, Asmelash Abrha, Henking Anyingmor Adjase-Kodjo

{"title":"Towards Promotion of Road Safety: Crash Diagnosis for the Odumasi-Oterkpolu Road, Ghana","authors":"Philip Kofi Alimo, Stephen Agyeman, Asmelash Abrha, Henking Anyingmor Adjase-Kodjo","doi":"10.25159/2957-3645/11845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25159/2957-3645/11845","url":null,"abstract":"Crashes in road curves contribute significantly to road traffic fatalities in developing countries. The crash risks increase when there are multiple vertical and horizontal curves on the road section. In this study, we diagnose the crash-contributing factors along the crash-prone and curvy Odumasi-Oterkpolu road in Ghana and propose countermeasures. Spot speed counts were done using radar guns in addition to manual traffic counts, field inspections, and victim self-reports. Secondary police crash data (from 2015 to 2019) were collected from the Building and Road Research Institute of Ghana. Multiple regression and descriptive analyses were computed to identify crash-contributing factors. Vehicle brake failure and driver inattention were identified as the main driving errors that contribute to crashes in the road curves. Notably, the majority of crashes involved movements in left-turning lanes, in other words towards drivers’ left sides. Speed, traffic volume, and the volume of motorcycles and medium trucks had the strongest association with fatalities. Overall, the road lacks street lights, guardrails, road signs, road markings, posted speed limits, and durable pavement. This is the first empirical investigation of the studied road; therefore, the findings and proposed countermeasures will help to improve road design and safety measures.","PeriodicalId":89999,"journal":{"name":"Journal of social, behavioral and health sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75124181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Mental Health and Injury Outcomes in Liberia, 1990–2017: An Ecological Systems Analysis 利比里亚心理健康和伤害结果，1990-2017:生态系统分析

Journal of social, behavioral and health sciences Pub Date : 2022-11-14 DOI: 10.25159/2957-3645/10807

Pedram J. Rastegar, Francien Chenoweth, D. Schwebel

{"title":"Mental Health and Injury Outcomes in Liberia, 1990–2017: An Ecological Systems Analysis","authors":"Pedram J. Rastegar, Francien Chenoweth, D. Schwebel","doi":"10.25159/2957-3645/10807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25159/2957-3645/10807","url":null,"abstract":"Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model of human development is widely used to explain health outcomes, but most research focuses on the more immediate microsystem influences. Over the last 30 years, Liberia has experienced two civil wars, government regime changes, and an Ebola outbreak. We considered associations between those macrosystem and chronosystem shifts in Liberia on four public health outcomes from 1990 to 2017: suicide, depression, sexual violence, and substance use disorders. We conducted separate analyses for women and men. The results indicated substantial changes in health that coincided with macrosystem and chronosystem changes in Liberia. Men’s suicide rates increased during wartime and decreased afterwards, especially during the stable Sirleaf presidency. Both men and women experienced decreasing depression rates during the First Civil War. Depression rates for both men and women flattened during the stable Sirleaf presidency and increased during the Ebola outbreak. The rate of sexual violence was high for both genders during wartime and economic turmoil but declined markedly, especially among women, during the Sirleaf presidency, when government policies were enacted to reduce sexual violence. Substance use disorders were highest during times of economic stability and growth. Men experienced higher rates of suicide and substance use and lower rates of depression and sexual violence compared to women at all times. Consistent with Bronfenbrenner’s model, the results indicate how macrosystem and chronosystem shifts coincided with changes in individual-level mental health and injury outcome trends. We recommend macrosystem-level changes to prevent violence and increase mental health services, both in Liberia and globally.","PeriodicalId":89999,"journal":{"name":"Journal of social, behavioral and health sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87445540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Mapping the Perception of Urban Safety, Space and Livelihood of Girl Street Children in Yogyakarta, Indonesia 描绘印尼日惹街头女童对城市安全、空间与生计的认知

Journal of social, behavioral and health sciences Pub Date : 2022-11-14 DOI: 10.25159/2957-3645/10670

E. Hayati, Dessy Pranungsari, A. M. Diponegoro, Ghouwa Ismail, Naiema Taliep

{"title":"Mapping the Perception of Urban Safety, Space and Livelihood of Girl Street Children in Yogyakarta, Indonesia","authors":"E. Hayati, Dessy Pranungsari, A. M. Diponegoro, Ghouwa Ismail, Naiema Taliep","doi":"10.25159/2957-3645/10670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25159/2957-3645/10670","url":null,"abstract":"Street children remain a social phenomenon in many low- and middle-income countries in which they experience alienation, discrimination, and social and spatial exclusion. The aim of this study was to identify and understand how girl street children perceive safety, space, and their livelihood on the urban streets of Yogyakarta, Indonesia, and to identify the multilevel components and processes that can contribute to improving the effectiveness of interventions for this group. A mixed-methods design was applied using a critical community-based participatory research and asset-mapping approach. Both quantitative descriptive statistics and qualitative thematic content analysis were used. The results highlight that the girl street children are subjected to various forms of hegemony linked to power, space and place, gender, and socio-economic marginalisation. Factors that contribute to their safety and survival include a sense of place, belonging and connectedness, and access to various tangible and intangible assets in their created spaces. We recommend further exploration of the mobilisation of assets to transform the quality of life and livelihood and to enhance the safety of the girl street children.","PeriodicalId":89999,"journal":{"name":"Journal of social, behavioral and health sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89276419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Youths’ Perceptions of Road Safety Risk Behaviours in the Roadway Environment: A Study of College Students in The Gambia and Tanzania 青少年对道路环境中道路安全风险行为的认知:冈比亚和坦桑尼亚大学生的研究

Journal of social, behavioral and health sciences Pub Date : 2022-11-08 DOI: 10.25159/2957-3645/10692

E. Sanyang, Grace K. Lartey, W. Mkanta, Manjally Ndow, Ritchie Taylor, P. Bass, C. Moshiro

{"title":"Youths’ Perceptions of Road Safety Risk Behaviours in the Roadway Environment: A Study of College Students in The Gambia and Tanzania","authors":"E. Sanyang, Grace K. Lartey, W. Mkanta, Manjally Ndow, Ritchie Taylor, P. Bass, C. Moshiro","doi":"10.25159/2957-3645/10692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25159/2957-3645/10692","url":null,"abstract":"Road traffic injury is the seventh leading cause of death in low-income countries, the tenth leading cause of death in resource-limited countries for all ages, and the leading cause of death for adolescents and youths worldwide. In this study, we seek to provide information on youths’ perceptions of risky road traffic safety behaviours. A self-administered survey on youths’ risk perceptions of road traffic crashes in The Gambia and Tanzania was distributed to students at universities in The Gambia and at the Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences in Tanzania. Risky behaviours and distractions were identified as the primary risk of crashes involving youths. Texting while driving (The Gambia 56.6%, Tanzania 83.7%, AOR = 1.72, 95% CI = 0.5, 5.88) or riding in cars whose drivers had been drinking alcohol (The Gambia 20.2%, Tanzania 59.7%, AOR = 3.12, 95% CI = 1.17, 8.36) were major concerns. These results indicate that the implementation of interventions to reduce driver distractions and impairment are needed in both countries. Prevention efforts should focus on not only roadway designs and vehicle factors, but also on the traffic safety culture and education of road users, especially the youth and young adults. These results fill a knowledge gap that will be beneficial to developing effective interventions to promote a traffic safety culture among youths.","PeriodicalId":89999,"journal":{"name":"Journal of social, behavioral and health sciences","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87042414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pedestrian Neglect of Highway Footbridges and Safety Countermeasures: A Case Study from Ghana 加纳公路人行天桥行人疏失及安全对策研究

Journal of social, behavioral and health sciences Pub Date : 2022-11-08 DOI: 10.25159/2957-3645/11674

Philip Kofi Alimo, Stephen Agyeman

{"title":"Pedestrian Neglect of Highway Footbridges and Safety Countermeasures: A Case Study from Ghana","authors":"Philip Kofi Alimo, Stephen Agyeman","doi":"10.25159/2957-3645/11674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25159/2957-3645/11674","url":null,"abstract":"In Africa, pedestrian deaths count for the majority of road traffic deaths, mainly resulting from bad crossing habits, including the neglect of footbridges. However, pedestrian behaviour remains understudied in Africa. In this article, we investigate the reasons for the non-use of footbridges along a major highway in Accra, Ghana, and test possible interventions. Using an intercept survey, we sampled 320 pedestrian violators by means of a questionnaire and structured interviews. Two decision trees were analysed using the chi-squared automatic interaction detection algorithm. The results indicated that men and students are more likely to disregard footbridges compared to other pedestrians. The length of the footbridge was cited as the main reason for non-compliance at designated crossings. Nonetheless, 93% of the respondents showed intentions to use the footbridges premised on some interventions. Pedestrian safety would be improved if shorter access points, adequate lighting and visibility are provided for footbridges and other road-crossing facilities. In this study, we propose countermeasures and reinforce the need for engineers and urban planners to carefully consider human behaviour in the design of urban road infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":89999,"journal":{"name":"Journal of social, behavioral and health sciences","volume":"163 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86370437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Book Review of The Generation Myth by Bobby Duffy 鲍比·达菲的《一代神话》书评

Journal of social, behavioral and health sciences Pub Date : 2022-11-02 DOI: 10.5590/jsbhs.2022.16.1.19

Tomi Daniel

引用次数: 0

The Impact of Gender Identity, Medical Transition, and Other Substances on Marijuana Use for Transgender Adults 性别认同、医疗转变和其他物质对跨性别成年人大麻使用的影响

Journal of social, behavioral and health sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-21 DOI: 10.5590/jsbhs.2022.16.1.18

Alex Redcay, Elisabeth Counselman Carpenter, Kevin Lally

{"title":"The Impact of Gender Identity, Medical Transition, and Other Substances on Marijuana Use for Transgender Adults","authors":"Alex Redcay, Elisabeth Counselman Carpenter, Kevin Lally","doi":"10.5590/jsbhs.2022.16.1.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5590/jsbhs.2022.16.1.18","url":null,"abstract":"Transgender individuals have been identified as having greater rates of substance use. Previous research often focused on the intersection of HIV risk and substance use on specific age ranges or on how minority stress and discrimination relate to substance use. Using data from the 2015 United States Transgender Survey, our study is one of the first to explore the relationship among gender identity, age, the role of medical transition, and the use of marijuana within the transgender community. A deeper understanding of the relationship of these variables will benefit the transgender community by allowing for more thorough and accurate assessment protocols for individuals seeking medical transition. Our study used descriptive statistics to examine the intersection of gender identity, age, and use of alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana. ANOVAs were completed to determine significant impact of gender identity, age, cigarette and alcohol use, and medical transition on the use of marijuana. Significantly, we found that 37% of marijuana use can be predicted by gender identity, age, medical transition, and alcohol and cigarette use. Individuals who experienced any surgical transition reported significantly more marijuana use compared with individuals with no history of surgical transition. Our study highlights the need for more in-depth research about the complicated factors that relate to the impact of transition-related medical care and the intersection of gender identity and age.","PeriodicalId":89999,"journal":{"name":"Journal of social, behavioral and health sciences","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89940037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Poverty Implications of COVID-19 and Government Social Protection Programmes in Nigeria 2019冠状病毒病对贫困的影响和尼日利亚政府的社会保护计划

Journal of social, behavioral and health sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-13 DOI: 10.5590/jsbhs.2022.16.1.17

A. Adeoye, J. Okunola, S. Fakunle

引用次数: 1

Language Style Matching in Older Couples and Marital Satisfaction 老年夫妻语言风格匹配与婚姻满意度

Journal of social, behavioral and health sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-10 DOI: 10.5590/jsbhs.2022.16.1.16

Benjamin Burke, A. Rauer

引用次数: 0

The Lived Social Experience of COVID-19 Survivors in Southwestern Nigeria 尼日利亚西南部COVID-19幸存者的生活社会经历

Journal of social, behavioral and health sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-27 DOI: 10.5590/jsbhs.2022.16.1.15

Endurance Uzobo, Ijeoma Nwanwene, T. Ojo

引用次数: 0