Mitchell R. Knisely, Rita V. Masese, Joacy G. Mathias, Qing Yang, Daniel Hatch, Brandon M. Lê, Faith Luyster, Melanie E. Garrett, Paula J. Tanabe, Nirmish R. Shah, Allison Ashley-Koch
{"title":"Epigenetic Aging Associations With Psychoneurological Symptoms and Social Functioning in Adults With Sickle Cell Disease","authors":"Mitchell R. Knisely, Rita V. Masese, Joacy G. Mathias, Qing Yang, Daniel Hatch, Brandon M. Lê, Faith Luyster, Melanie E. Garrett, Paula J. Tanabe, Nirmish R. Shah, Allison Ashley-Koch","doi":"10.1177/10998004241250322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10998004241250322","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Sickle cell disease (SCD), the most common inherited blood disorder in the United States, is associated with severe psychoneurological symptoms. While epigenetic age acceleration has been linked to psychoneurological symptom burden in other diseases, this connection is unexplored in SCD. This study aimed to assess the association between epigenetic age acceleration and psychoneurological symptom burden in SCD. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, emotional impact, pain impact, sleep impact, social functioning, and cognitive function were assessed in 87 adults living with SCD. DNA methylation data were generated from blood specimens and used to calculate epigenetic age using five clocks (Horvath, Hannum, PhenoAge, GrimAge, & DunedinPACE). Associations between epigenetic age acceleration and symptoms were assessed. Results: The sample ( N = 87) had a mean (SD) chronologic age was 30.6 (8.1) years. Epigenetic age acceleration was associated with several symptom outcomes. GrimAge age acceleration (β = −0.49, p = .03) and increased DunedinPACE (β = −2.23, p = .004) were associated with worse emotional impact scores. PhenoAge (β = −0.32, p = .04) and the GrimAge (β = −0.48, p = .05) age acceleration were associated with worse pain impact scores. Increased DunedinPACE (β = −2.07 p = .04) were associated with worse sleep impact scores. Increased DunedinPACE (β = −2.87, p = .005) was associated with worse social functioning scores. We did not find associations between epigenetic age acceleration and cognitive function in this sample. Conclusion: Epigenetic age acceleration was associated with worse symptom experiences, suggesting the potential for epigenetic age acceleration as a biomarker to aid in risk stratification or targets for intervention to mitigate symptom burden in SCD.","PeriodicalId":8997,"journal":{"name":"Biological research for nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140829432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ayşegül Yayla, Zeynep Karaman Özlü, Gülistan Uymaz Aras
{"title":"Caffeine and Sleep in Preventing Post-spinal Headache: Which One is More Effective?","authors":"Ayşegül Yayla, Zeynep Karaman Özlü, Gülistan Uymaz Aras","doi":"10.1177/10998004241249938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10998004241249938","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectiveThe study aimed to determine the effects of caffeine consumption and sleep on post-spinal headache after spinal anesthesia.BackgroundPost-spinal headache is among the most well-known and common complications of spinal anesthesia. Although caffeine consumption is recommended to prevent headache after spinal anesthesia, caffeine does not prevent headache and causes sleep-related problems. No study in the literature found a correlation between sleep and caffeine consumption after spinal anesthesia and post-spinal headache.MethodsThe research is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. The study sample comprised 425 patients who underwent elective surgery in a research hospital. The research data were collected by face-to-face interviews between April 2021 and December 2023. The “Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics Form,” “Richard-Campbell Sleep Scale,” “Insomnia Severity Index,” and “Visual Analog Scale” were used in data collection. Factors affecting post-spinal headache were determined using binary logistic regression analysis.ResultsAccording to the binary logistic regression, the insomnia severity score (OR = 1.234; p < .001), sleep quality score (OR = .992; p < .01), postoperative sleep duration (OR = .619; p < .05), and not consuming coffee (OR = .035; p < .001) are statistically significant predictors of post-spinal headache and explain 57.7% of the variance. A one-unit increase in patients’ insomnia severity increased the probability of experiencing a post-spinal headache by 23.4%. With a one-unit increase in sleep quality, there was an 8% decrease in the probability of experiencing spinal headache, and a 3.81% decrease in the probability of experiencing post-spinal headache with an increase in sleep duration after surgery. The probability of experiencing post-spinal headache was 0.35 times higher in individuals who did not consume caffeine after surgery than in those who consumed it.ConclusionThe present study demonstrated that insomnia severity and sleep quality were more effective than caffeine consumption in preventing post-spinal headache. Insomnia and decreased sleep quality may cause a significant burden in developing post-spinal headache in patients and may cause post-spinal headache to be observed more frequently. Therefore, the use of caffeine in preventing or reducing post-spinal headache may adversely affect the duration and quality of sleep and increase the severity of insomnia.","PeriodicalId":8997,"journal":{"name":"Biological research for nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140809739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Impact of Resistance Exercise Training on Glycemic Control Among Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","authors":"Yuwen Wan, Zhanguo Su","doi":"10.1177/10998004241246272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10998004241246272","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) presents a challenge for health organizations because of its high likelihood of morbidity and mortality. There is an increasing body of evidence exploring the efficacy of resistance training (RT) alone on glycemic control. Objective: To update the effectiveness of RT on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting glucose in adults diagnosed with T2DM. Methods: CINAHL (EBSDCO), PubMed, MEDLINE (Ovid), and EMBASE (Ovid) databases were searched from inception to 30 January 2024. Published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of adult humans with T2DM assessing the impact of RT on HbA1c and fasting glucose compared with control condition were included. Data were pooled by the inverse-variance method and reported as mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Forty-six RCTs totaling 2130 participants met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis demonstrated RT significantly reduced HbA1c (MD -0.50% [95% CI, −0.67, −0.34 %], p < .00,001) and fasting glucose (MD -12.03 mg/dl [95% CI, −19.36, −4.69 mg/dl], p = .001). Subgroup analyses found that exercise training durations, gender, and risk of bias had statistically significant effects on HbA1c levels and fasting glucose concentrations after resistance training. However, meta-regression analyses revealed that variables including year of publication, number of sessions per week, mean sample age, sample size, and study quality scores did not significantly affect the change in either HbA1c or glucose. Conclusion: Our meta-analysis with meta-regression delivers further evidence that RT programs are effective approach in attenuation of HbA1c and fasting glucose in individuals with T2DM.","PeriodicalId":8997,"journal":{"name":"Biological research for nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140585916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"2023 International Society of Nurses in Genetics (ISONG) World Congress: Meeting Overview","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/10998004241230422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10998004241230422","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8997,"journal":{"name":"Biological research for nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140201198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Resilience in Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer Women: The Predictive Role of Diurnal Cortisol and Social Support.","authors":"Ibane Aizpurua-Perez, Amaia Arregi, David Gonzalez, Patricia Macia, Gurutze Ugartemendia, Ainitze Labaka, Nerea Zabalza, Joana Perez-Tejada","doi":"10.1177/10998004231190074","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10998004231190074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breast cancer is currently the most prevalent malignancy among women. Psychological resilience is an important factor that diminishes the stress-related emotional and psychosocial disturbances triggered when receiving the diagnosis. Furthermore, resilience appears to be associated with cortisol, the hormonal end-product of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; however, further studies are needed due to the mixed results reported. Thus, we aim to examine the predictive role of social support and cortisol in resilience among breast cancer patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 132 women with primary breast cancer completed the Medical Outcomes Study-Social Support Survey (MOS-SSS) and the Resilience Scale (RS-14) and provided four salivary samples for the estimation of participants' total daily cortisol production, for which the formula of the area under the curve with respect to the ground (AUCg) was applied. Moderation analyses were performed to study the influence of social support and AUCg on psychological resilience levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The regression analyses showed a direct significant effect for the emotional support subscale of MOS-SSS on resilience and the interaction between emotional support and AUCg was also found to be statistically significant. Specifically, the conditional effect of emotional support on resilience was found to be significant at middle (<i>M</i> = 3.08; <i>p</i> < .05) and low levels (<i>M</i> = .59; <i>p</i> < .001) of AUCg.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results suggest that newly diagnosed breast cancer women with middle and low diurnal cortisol profiles may benefit more from emotional support based-interventions while women with high diurnal cortisol may need more individualized therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8997,"journal":{"name":"Biological research for nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10222727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of Feeding Fresh or Frozen Breast Milk on the Gut Microbiota of Premature Infants: A Prospective Observational Study.","authors":"Özlem Selime Merter, Naime Altay","doi":"10.1177/10998004231191728","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10998004231191728","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breast milk is essential for premature infants. It contains a variety of functional and protective nutrients that help to create a suitable microenvironment for intestinal development and maturation. This prospective and observational study was planned to examine the effects of feeding premature infants with fresh or frozen breastmilk on their gut microbiota.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study was carried out with a total of 40 infants, with a gestational age of 28-32<sup>6</sup> weeks, fed fresh (<i>n</i> = 20) or frozen (<i>n</i> = 20) breastmilk. Stool samples were stored at -80°C until analysis. Infants were included in groups based on the feed type, which accounted for more than 70% of their 10-day feeding. The Mann-Whitney U, Chi-square, and t-tests were used to evaluate the demographic data. Stool samples were analyzed by sequencing the V3--V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene from the extracted DNA for microbiota analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>Streptococcus</i> and <i>Enterobacteriales,</i> the majority of which are considered human pathogens, in infants receiving frozen breastmilk (<i>Streptococcus</i> 69%, <i>Enterobacteriales</i> 79%) was higher than that in infants receiving fresh breastmilk (<i>Streptococcus</i> 16%, <i>Enterobacteriales</i> 49%). Further, the <i>Lactobacillus</i> and <i>Bifidobacterium</i> species were more abundant in infants who received fresh breastmilk (<i>Lactobacillus</i> 17%, <i>Bifidobacterium</i> 12%) than in infants who received frozen breastmilk (<i>Lactobacillus</i> 3%, <i>Bifidobacterium</i> 1%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Thus, compared to frozen breast milk, fresh breastmilk has an effect on the diversity of preterm infants' gut microbiota.</p>","PeriodicalId":8997,"journal":{"name":"Biological research for nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10070332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Quantifying Fatigue Using Electrophysiological Techniques and Non-invasive Brain Stimulation in People With Multiple Sclerosis- A Review and Discussion.","authors":"Karlie Hamilton, Katy Smith, Karen Winn, Brant Oliver, Pamela Newland, Verna Hendricks-Ferguson","doi":"10.1177/10998004231194954","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10998004231194954","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> The purpose of this literature review article is to provide a synthesis of recent research focused on the use of 3 techniques to evaluate MS-related fatigue: electroencephalography [EEG], transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDSC), and transcranial- magnetic stimulation (TMS). <b>Method:</b> We performed a literature search in the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL, EBSCOhost), MEDLINE (OVID), APA PsycInfo (OVID), Scopus (Elsevier), and Web of Science (Clarivate) databases, limited to 2015 and after. <b>Results:</b> Our review revealed that fatigue in MS patients can be quantified and predicted using electrophysiological techniques. Such techniques, which yield objective data, are historically assessed in relation to subjective data, or perceived fatigue. We identified studies using EEG, TMS, and/or tDCS to study fatigue in people with MS. In total, 220 records were identified with 19 studies meeting inclusion criteria. Quality appraisal revealed that the level of evidence was generally graded \"good\". <b>Conclusions:</b> Despite the heterogenous nature of reviewed the studies and selected the varied self-report fatigue measures, our literature synthesis suggests promise for the use of EEG, TMS, and/or tDCS approaches in more accurately assessing fatigue in people with MS. Further research is needed in this arena.</p>","PeriodicalId":8997,"journal":{"name":"Biological research for nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10338646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Differential Cortical Volume and Surface Morphometry in Youth With Chronic Health Conditions.","authors":"Sara A Heyn, Ryan J Herringa, Anne L Ersig","doi":"10.1177/10998004231195294","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10998004231195294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Up to 1 in 3 youth in the United States have a childhood-onset chronic health condition (CHC), which can lead to neurodevelopmental disruptions in cognitive functioning and brain structure. However, the nature and extent of structural neurobiomarkers that may be consistent across a broad spectrum of CHCs are unknown. Thus, the purpose of this study was to identify potential differences in brain structure in youth with and without chronic physical health conditions (e.g., diabetes, hemophilia). Here, 49 T1 structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images were obtained from youth with (<i>n</i> = 26) and without (<i>n</i> = 23) CHCs. Images were preprocessed using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to generate whole-brain voxel-wise gray matter volume maps and whole-brain extracted estimates of cortical surface area and cortical thickness. Multi-scanner harmonization was implemented on surface-based estimates and linear models were used to estimate significant main effects of the group. We detected widespread decreases in brain structure in youth with CHCs as compared to controls in regions of the prefrontal, cingulate, and visual association areas. The insula exhibited the opposite effect, with cases having increased surface area as compared to controls. To our knowledge, these findings identify a novel structural biomarker of childhood-onset CHCs, with consistent alterations identified in gray matter of regions in the prefrontal cortex and insula involved in emotion regulation and executive function. These findings, while exploratory, may reflect an impact of chronic health stress in the adolescent brain, and suggest that more comprehensive assessment of stress and neurodevelopment in youth with CHCs may be appropriate.</p>","PeriodicalId":8997,"journal":{"name":"Biological research for nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10850874/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10000550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kelian Gao, Zhanguo Su, Junyan Meng, Yuzhong Yao, LiGuang Li, Yiping Su, Gholam Rasul Mohammad Rahimi
{"title":"Effect of Exercise Training on Some Anti-Inflammatory Adipokines, High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein, and Clinical Outcomes in Sedentary Adults With Metabolic Syndrome.","authors":"Kelian Gao, Zhanguo Su, Junyan Meng, Yuzhong Yao, LiGuang Li, Yiping Su, Gholam Rasul Mohammad Rahimi","doi":"10.1177/10998004231195541","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10998004231195541","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the effects of aerobic interval training and resistance training on anti-inflammatory adipokines, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, and clinical outcomes in sedentary men with metabolic syndrome.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 33 sedentary men with metabolic syndrome (age: 46.2 ± 4.6 years; body mass index: 35.4 ± 1.9 kg.m<sup>2</sup>) were randomly assigned to one of 3 groups: aerobic interval training (n = 12), resistance training (n = 10), or control (n = 11). Participants in the exercise groups completed a 12-week training program, 3 sessions per week, while those in the control group maintained their sedentary lifestyle. The levels of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), omentin-1, adiponectin, lipid profiles, blood pressure, glucose metabolism, body composition, and peak oxygen uptake (VO<sub>2peak</sub>) were measured at baseline and after the intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both aerobic interval training and resistance training significantly improved the levels of omentin-1 and adiponectin, as well as reduced inflammation, as indicated by a decrease in hs-CRP levels. Exercise training also led to significant improvements in lipid profiles, blood pressure, glucose metabolism, and body composition. Specifically, the aerobic interval training group had significantly greater increases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and VO<sub>2peak</sub>, as well as greater reductions in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and total cholesterol compared to the resistance training group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Exercise training, particularly aerobic interval training and resistance training, can be an effective non-pharmacological intervention for managing inflammation and improving cardiovascular health in metabolic syndrome patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":8997,"journal":{"name":"Biological research for nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9990990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ziyu Liu, Jingming Zhuang, Li Wei, Aiwen Lu, Jiangang Hou, Xiaoli Yang
{"title":"A Systematic Review of Cognitive Function, Anxiety, and Depression in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma.","authors":"Ziyu Liu, Jingming Zhuang, Li Wei, Aiwen Lu, Jiangang Hou, Xiaoli Yang","doi":"10.1177/10998004231190073","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10998004231190073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To retrospectively analyze the effects of different treatments on cognitive functioning, anxiety, and depression in patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature search was conducted in multiple databases including the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Sino Med, Wei Pu, Wan Fang, CNKI, and Google Scholar. The search included studies published through June 20, 2023, focusing on cognitive function, anxiety, and depression in adult patients newly diagnosed with PCNSL. Various measurement tools and scales were used to assess the primary outcomes. Descriptive systematic reviews were conducted to integrate the literature and summarize the effects of different treatment modalities on cognitive functioning, anxiety, and depression in PCNSL patients. This review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022370250).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 43 studies were included. Induction chemotherapy was associated with improved cognitive function and reduced anxiety and depression in the majority of patients. Whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) was found to lead to cognitive impairment, particularly in executive, attention, memory, and motor function. Low-dose WBRT, autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), and blood-brain barrier disruption (BBBD) treatments did not result in significant cognitive impairment. Anxiety and depression were observed to decrease over the long term.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, the cognitive functioning, anxiety, and depression of patients with PCNSL can be improved with appropriate treatments. However, patients treated with WBRT are at a higher risk of cognitive decline compared to those receiving other treatment modalities. Therefore, special attention should be given to patients undergoing WBRT, and a comprehensive analysis should be conducted to reduce neurotoxicity and address early cognitive problems in these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":8997,"journal":{"name":"Biological research for nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9937507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}