International Journal of Ophthalmic Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Unusual Case of an Orbital Lymphangioma Presenting as Chorioretinal Folds with Macular Involvement in an Elderly Patient","authors":"Y. Arora, R. Bhargava, Prachi Kumar, Divya Singh, Pradeep Gupta","doi":"10.4172/2324-8599.1000178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-8599.1000178","url":null,"abstract":"We report a case of 75-year-old elderly male who presented with diminution and distortion of vision, swelling, pain and upward and nasal deviation of eyes. Computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), fundus photography and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed. A multilocular intraconal cystic mass lesion causing chorioretinal folds was seen. A presumptive diagnosis of orbital lymphangioma with chorioretinal folds was made and was confirmed by histopathology. This case is being reported because of its unusual presentation in an elderly patient (chorioretinal folds with macular involvement).","PeriodicalId":89944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ophthalmic Pathology","volume":"2016 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70882178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Review of Behcet Diseases: A Case of Sub-acute Bilateral Hypopyonic Uveitis after 20 Years of Behcet Diseases","authors":"G. Yaghoobi, B. Heydari, M. Yaghoobi, E. Heydari","doi":"10.4172/2324-8599.1000181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-8599.1000181","url":null,"abstract":"The current study was an attempt to report a case of subacute bilateral hypopionic uveitis and pan uveitis in a referral case of Behcet patient. Careful questioning of the patient and detailed examination of the eyes for other signs are necessary to guide the differential diagnosis and relevant investigations. In this study, a case of a patient with a 20 year history of Behcet disease and occular manifestation of bilateral hypopionic uveitis was presented in ophthalmic consultation. Hypopion resolved shortly after instating therapy but old scarified retinal lesion did not respond as well as long lasting posterior synchia. \u0000Hypopion uveitis is considered in the context of the associated ocular and systemic diseases causing it. If Steroid therapy, which leads to significant remission of symptoms, missed diagnosis, it could have serious consequences for the patient. A rational approach based on the understanding of the causes of hypopyon uveitis is imperative.","PeriodicalId":89944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ophthalmic Pathology","volume":"2016 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70882594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toll-Like Receptor 3 is Expressed in All Layers of the Human Sensory Retina and Retinal Pigment Epithelium","authors":"Mohammed F Qutub, P. Zoroquiain, S. Maloney, Sultan S. Aldrees, M. Burnier","doi":"10.4172/2324-8599.1000167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-8599.1000167","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Recent studies have found that dysregulation of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)-a key player in innate immunity-in retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) may play a role in retinal oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of TLR3 in all layers of the normal human retina. \u0000Methods: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of human donor eyes-with no fundoscopic or microscopic evidence of disease-were used in this study. Mean age of donors was 62.8 ± 31.5 years (12 female, 7 male). Immunohistochemistry was performed using an antibody to human TLR3 and staining was scored according to intensity (0=negative, 1=low-to-moderate, 2=strong) and extent (0=negative, 1=staining ≤50% of cells, 2=staining >50% of cells) of staining. We compared the IRS between the layers in macular and peripheral retina. \u0000Results: TLR3 was found to be expressed in all layers of the retina, with differences seen within layers and between cases. The following layers were graded as having a strong IRS: Ganglion Cell, Outer Plexiform, Photoreceptors and RPE. The remaining layers were all graded as weak staining. No significant differences were seen between macular and peripheral retina for TLR3 staining in any retinal layer. \u0000Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that TLR3 can be found in all retinal layers. This study provides an overview of TLR3 expression throughout the human retina and thus can serve as a foundation for further research that evaluates aberrant TLR3 function or expression in an array of ophthalmic conditions, including those in which oxidative stress is a factor.","PeriodicalId":89944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ophthalmic Pathology","volume":"2015 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70881905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adenoma of the Ciliary Pigment Epithelium Misdiagnosed Clinically as Malignant Melanoma:A Case Report","authors":"A. Ahmad, M. Z. Mehdi","doi":"10.4172/2324-8599.1000157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-8599.1000157","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Adenoma of the ciliary pigment epithelium (CPE) is a rare intraocular neoplasm. Hence, it can present as a diagnostic challenge to both clinicians and pathologists. Here we are presenting a case report of a tumour that was initially misdiagnosed as malignant melanoma. \u0000Case Report: A 38 year male patient presented with painless loss of vision of right eye and after clinical and radiological examination a diagnosis of malignant melanoma was reached. Partial irido cyclectomy was carried out to resect the tumour. Histologically, the lesion was composed of large epitheliod cells resting on PAS positive basement membranes with pigmented granules in their cytoplasm. Immunohistochemical examination revealed positivity for CAM 5.2 while the tumour was negative for AE1/AE3, S100 and HMB45. These morphological and immunohistochemical features excluded melanoma and the lesion was diagnosed as adenoma of CPE. \u0000Discussion: Differentiating adenoma of CPE with choroidal melanoma is of utmost importance as adenomas have not been known to metastasize beyond the eye and local resection is curative. Melanomas may require enucleation. A correlation of clinical, histological and immunohistochemical parameter of this tumour is of prime importance in diagnosis of the tumor","PeriodicalId":89944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ophthalmic Pathology","volume":"2015 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70881920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects of Blinding Diseases in The National Teaching Hospital (Cnhu-Hkm) in Cotonou","authors":"S. Alamou, L. Yehouessi, N. BraeyatchaBimingo, S. SounouvouITchabi, Doutetien C Witelson","doi":"10.4172/2324-8599.1000168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-8599.1000168","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To study the epidemiological and clinical aspects of blinding diseases. \u0000Method: The study was retrospective, descriptive and analytical. It involved all patients with blindness and/or severe visual impairment and who came to consult in the Unit of Ophthalmology of the National Teaching Hospital from 1st March 2011 to 28 February 2013. \u0000Results: Among the 814 patients selected, 569 were suffering from blindness (69%) and 245 of severe visual loss (31%). The most affected were aged 50-59 years and 60-69 years with 247 cases for blindness (38.14%) and 124 cases for severe visual loss (50.21%). The sex ratio was 1.32. Retirees were the largest group of about 360; 44.22%. The other group with secondary education were the most numerous (36.61%). 102 and 114 patients respectively 17% and 19% had a history of glaucoma and cataracts. 33 patients had family history of glaucoma (4.05%) and 30 patients with a family history of blindness (3.69%). Ocular involvement was bilateral in 550 patients (67.57%). The crystalline (39.82%) and the optic nerve (17.78%) were the main anatomical sites of lesions found. \u0000Conclusion: To reduce the incidence of blindness and severe visual handicaps, it is important to study and improve the treatment of eye diseases.","PeriodicalId":89944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ophthalmic Pathology","volume":"2015 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70881973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metastatic Ductal Breast Carcinoma Mimicking Primary Choroidal Melanoma: A Case Report","authors":"Gazal Alsaati, N. Khan, W. Deegan, S. Sabet","doi":"10.4172/2324-8599.1000164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-8599.1000164","url":null,"abstract":"We present a case of metastatic carcinoma to the choroid with misleading features of primary choroidal melanoma on clinical examination, imaging, and routine histopathology. This case highlights important distinguishing features when the differential diagnosis include choroidal melanoma versus metastatic carcinoma.","PeriodicalId":89944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ophthalmic Pathology","volume":"2015 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70881815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decreased Geometric Complexity of Corneal Nerve Fibers Distribution in Sjogren’s syndrome Patients","authors":"G. Bianciardi, M. E. Latronico, C. Traversi","doi":"10.4172/2324-8599.1000158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-8599.1000158","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Dry eye affects many individuals worldwide and a significant portion of patient with dry eye present the Sjogren’s syndrome (SS), a progressive, autoimmune condition. In order to choose and follow the best therapy it’s necessary to have noninvasive quantitative methods able to characterize the status of the corneal nerve fibers of the patients. \u0000Methods: Local fractal dimension by box-counting (evaluation of geometric complexity) of the nerve corneal fibers distribution observed by confocal microscopy was performed in patients with primary SS (n=36: 6 males, 30 females, 21- 81 years), diagnosed by biopsy of salivary gland and blood tests and in sex- age-matched healthy subjects (n=12). In selected patients salivary glands atrophy degree was also evaluated. \u0000Results: Fractal analysis reveals that the nerve corneal distribution is fractal. In healthy subjects the fractal dimension of the corneal nerve distribution is close to the value of the Diffusion Limited Aggregation Process, a typical value of geometric complexity in normal individuals. Geometric complexity statistically distinguishes between Sjogren’s syndrome patients and healthy subjects: patients present a lower value of geometric complexity of the corneal nerve fibers distribution than healthy individuals (p<0.001). The percentage of grouped cases classified by geometric complexity (D cut-off =1.40) according to the subjects (SS patients vs healthy) showed a 100% ratio between the number of correctly classified cases and all cases, p<0.001. The nonlinear index correlates with salivary glands atrophy degree (p<0.01). \u0000Conclusions: Fractal analysis of the cornea observed by a laser confocal microscopy appears able to quantitatively and nonivasively characterize the SS patient in relation to the recognition of an impairment of the ocular surface. The analysis is inexpensive and not time-consuming, of relevance in order to choose the best therapy.","PeriodicalId":89944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ophthalmic Pathology","volume":"2015 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70881585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Thickness in Healthy French Children by Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography","authors":"A. Benarous, A. Drimbea, Sibel Molva, W. Basson, S. Gozlan, S. Milazzo","doi":"10.4172/2324-8599.1000159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-8599.1000159","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The optical coherence tomography (OCT) is part of the detection and monitoring of many retinal and optic nerve diseases. Our study aims to create a normative database of the peripapillary fibers thickness for children aged from 3 to 15 years, using a spectral-domain OCT: the Spectralis TM. \u0000Subjects and methods: Prospective study followed at the Amiens academic hospital center in the ophthalmology Saint-Victor center using the Spectralis TM during the first 3 weeks of October 2012. An inclusion criterion was age between 3 and 15. Exclusion criteria were the presence of a retinal disease, optic nerve disease and if the pictures were found to be un exploitable. The thickness of peripapillary fibers was measured according to the age, the side of the eye, the peripapillary area and the spherical equivalent. \u0000Results: This study was able to regroup data on 66 subjects aged 3 to 15 (9 ± 2,9 years), hence 121 eyes studied. The mean refraction in spherical equivalent was of +1,1 ± 2,5 diopters. RNFL thickness was 103 ± 10,2 μm. RNFL thickness was the greatest inferiorly (134 ± 22,2 μm) and superiorly (126 ± 17,2 μm) than nasally (77 ± 15,3 μm) and temporally (74 ± 12,1 μm). No significant difference was found between the retinal nerve fiber thickness of both eyes in the studied sample (p>0,05). The same result was concluded between girls and boys. Nevertheless, the inferior area was found to be significantly thicker than the upper one, also thicker than the nasal and temporal ones (p 0,05). \u0000Conclusion: According to this study, the side, the gender and the age have no significative influence on the fibers thickness. However, it varies depending on the peripapillary area. The duplication of studies on this subject would provide a pediatric database grouping values on the peripapillary optical fiber thickness.","PeriodicalId":89944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ophthalmic Pathology","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70881694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress and Outcome of Therapeutic Switch to Aflibercept in Patients with Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) Resistant to Bevacizumab","authors":"Arturo Alberto Alezz, Rini, P. Barberis, M. Tammaro, Mara Belen Garca","doi":"10.4172/2324-8599.1000170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-8599.1000170","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effect of Aflibercept in patients with age-related macular degeneration who had received prior treatment with Bevacizumab. \u0000Material & Methods: An observational retrospective study was conducted in “Oftalmos, Centro Oftalmologico de Alta Complejidad”. We reviewed the clinical records of 41 eyes that had received at least three (3) intravitreal injections of Bevacizumab (1.25 mg) with a period no longer than 4 weeks between each application, prior switch to Aflibercept (2 mg). Of the selected patients, 27 had a diagnosis of choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM), 5 had CNVM associated with neuroepithelium detachment and the remaining 9 eyes only had retinal pigment epithelium detachment (RPED). Rotation of anti-VEGF was due to the persistence or increase in central macular thickness observed in spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). All patients received a loading dose of three intravitreal 2 mg Aflibercept injections at 4-week intervals. Evaluation included central macular thickness and maximum pigment epithelium (PED) height measured by spectral domain OCT and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) prior to the switch of therapy and 4 weeks after the last Aflibercept injection. \u0000Results: A significant decrease in central macular thickness in spectral domain OCT (= or > 50 μm) was observed in 18 eyes (43.9%). In 17 eyes (41.46%) no changes in thickness were observed after the switch. In the remaining 6 eyes (14.63%) increased thickness was appreciated. There was an improvement in best-corrected visual acuity (= or>4 letters) in 22 patients (53.65%) while 15 (36.5%) maintained the same BCVA and the remaining 4 (9.75%) lost one line. \u0000Discussion: Recent publications suggest that the use of Aflibercept in patients with AMD that do not have satisfactory response to treatment with Bevacizumab, could present better results. Despitethis, they have not yet obtained scientifically significant results. However, it is important to emphasize that both drugs have different mechanisms of action. \u0000Conclusion: Although the number of patients, who had improved with the switch to Aflibercept, is not statistically significant, the rotation of antiangiogenic is a valid option in the absence of response.","PeriodicalId":89944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ophthalmic Pathology","volume":"2015 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70882026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Significance of Intraocular Pressure Alterations from Common Therapeutic Interventions: Preliminary Study with Clinical Implications","authors":"E. Shamsher, J. Schutz, G. Thumann, A. Chronopoulos","doi":"10.4172/2324-8599.1000169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-8599.1000169","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Human intraocular pressure (IOP) is normally controlled within narrow limits to maintain ocular form and firmness while allowing abundant retinal perfusion. Dangerous IOP elevation can occur when this equilibrium is challenged by common therapeutic manoeuvres which acutely increase intraocular volume or acutely decrease eye wall volume, such as intravitreal injection or scleral buckling. The purpose of this study is to confirm the relationship between acute intraocular volume changes and IOP elevation in an experimental model, review the pertinent literature, and discuss the ocular tolerance for acute IOP elevation as well as how to avoid related complications. \u0000Methods: A porcine eye model was used to demonstrate the relationship between the volume of normal saline or air injected into the vitreous and resulting IOP increase. Incremental injections of normal saline or air were performed and IOP measured. \u0000Results: Both normal saline and air injections of only 0.2 ml resulted in a dramatic increase of IOP. Injection of 0.3 ml or greater increased IOP to levels which potentially compromise retinal perfusion. Similar volumes of scleral buckling cause equivalent pressure elevations. \u0000Conclusion: Dangerously elevated IOP caused by acute ocular volume changes associated with therapeutic intraocular injection or with scleral buckling may compromise retinal perfusion and may necessitate medical or surgical therapeutic manoeuvres. The safe interval for complete central retinal artery occlusion is probably only about 15 minutes rather than 90 minutes as commonly expressed in the literature.","PeriodicalId":89944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ophthalmic Pathology","volume":"2015 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70882382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}