American medical journal最新文献

{"title":"Lifestyles and Migraine Attack","authors":"H. Chih, W. Liang","doi":"10.3844/AMJSP.2011.111.118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AMJSP.2011.111.118","url":null,"abstract":"Problem statement: Migraine is a headache disorder of serious public health concerns as many sufferers are permanently disabled and incapable of carrying out simple daily routines. Migraine is contributed by biological and lifestyle factors. Understanding the association between these factors and migraine, particularly the modifiable lifestyle factors, can reduce the prevalence of this chronic disease and ease the burden on the health care system. Approach: Unilabiate and multivariate logistic regression methods were used to analyse the prevalence of migraine among the participants who completed the Australian National Health Survey during the 2007-2008 period. Demographical and lifestyle factors including age, gender, Body Mass Index (BMI), social marital status, equivalent household income, remoteness of residence, daily fruits and vegetables intake, participation in physical activities, alcohol use, tobacco smoking and distress level were investigated in this study. Results: The prevalence of migraine is on average 1.27 times higher among those who aged between 35-44 years old (95% CI = 1.03, 1.57) compared to the other age groups, 2.24 times higher among females (95% CI = 1.89, 2.67) compared to the males and 2.70 times higher among those who reported high to very high stress level (95% CI = 2.23, 3.27) compared to those who reported low to medium stress level. The prevalence of migraine of those participating in the recommended level of physical activity is 0.69 times of those who did not meet the recommended level (95% CI = 0.57, 0.84). The prevalence of migraine among the medium risk drinker and high risk drinker is 0.68 times (95% CI = 0.49, 0.92) and 0.42 times (95% CI = 0.27, 0.68), respectively, of the low risk drinker. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggested that engaging in physical activity and reduce the level of stress may reduce the risk of migraine attack.","PeriodicalId":89887,"journal":{"name":"American medical journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"111-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70191515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional supplements and its effect on quality of life and sleep.","authors":"Sara Sarrafi Zadeh, K. Begum","doi":"10.3844/AMJSP.2011.104.110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AMJSP.2011.104.110","url":null,"abstract":"Problem statement: Inadequate sleep has been recognized as a risk factor for poor health status. Mental stress, body pains, melatonin deficiency, late night awakening disturbing the body clock are triggers for poor quality of sleep and fatigue. Fatigue due to insomnia is a major cause for poor quality of life. Evidences suggest certain nutrients to exert profound influence on quality of sleep which in turn could affect quality of life. In the present study we examine to study the effects of food and nutrients on sleep and quality of life. Approach: 800 subjects were screened for sleep quality and presence of insomnia out of which, 34 subjects of both sexes aged 21-45 years included for the “Nutrition Intervention Study”. Nutrients and food components were assessed by three days Diet Diary Method and Sleep quality was assessed by Sleep Behavior and Insomnia Screening Questionnaire (ISQ) as well as the Pittsburgh sleep quality index. Blood and urine parameters were examined by standard methods. A prepost assessment method was adopted. Subjects were assessed for blood parameters like-serum cortisol, vitamin B12, ferritin, iron and magnesium; urine profile included was pH and Sp.Gr. Intervention period was 15 days and subjects were divided in to three groups depending upon criteria of diagnosis, i.e., Gr.1, subjects (n = 12) with low serum B12 levels, who were given B12 injections. Gr. 2(n = 12) and Gr. 3: (n = 10) subjects respectively were provided with beet root and poppy seeds drinks to be consumed every night (4 h before bed time). Results: Beet root consumption increased the ferritin level. B12 level increased significantly with beet root powder intervention. B12 supplementation effectively increased (from 152.87±23.9-1375.6±804.4 pg mL-1) serum levels of this vitamin and the difference was extremely significant statistically (p<0.01). It was highly encouraging to note a significant reduction in cortisol levels with B12 supplementation within a period of 15 days. Mean value of ferritin increased after poppy seed intervention; this improvement can be attributed to the iron content of poppy seed. A decrease in serum cortisol level was also noted, the mean levels before and after intervention being 16.6±3.4-11.7±2.5 mcg dL-1 affect a mean reduction of 4.9 mcg dL-1, although a striking difference was observed, it was statistically not significant. The maximum improvement in insomnia was found with poppy seed drink (63.6%) followed by beet root drink and B12 supplementation which varied from 54.6 and 33.4% respectively. Improvement of anxiety as a factor affecting insomnia was noted in 20% of subjects in B12 and 66.6% in beetroot drink supplementation groups. It was encouraging to witness a 100% improvement in the group with poppy seed intervention. Significant improvement was noted in the Circadian rhythm disorder in all intervention groups Parasomnia and Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS) recovery was seen in all the intervention groups while highest pro","PeriodicalId":89887,"journal":{"name":"American medical journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"104-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3844/AMJSP.2011.104.110","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70191503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Childhood Asthma Increase the Risk of Mood Disorders in Later Life","authors":"W. Liang, Andy H. Lee","doi":"10.3844/AMJSP.2011.93.97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AMJSP.2011.93.97","url":null,"abstract":"Problem statement: As a chronic condition, asthma may increase the risk of mood disorders. Understanding the association between asthma and mood disorders has important implications for asthma treatment and follow-up in primary care settings. Approach: To investigate whether asthma exposure during childhood is associated with the risk of mood disorders during adolescence and young adulthood, a population-based birth-cohort study of males born between 1980 and 1984 in Western Australia was conducted. Participants were identified using birth registry records and observed from age 12 years to December 31st, 2009 or death, whichever occurred first. Kaplan-Meier survival and Poisson regression analyses were performed to assess the effect of asthma exposure during childhood on the risk of mood disorders. Results: Hospitalization for asthma during childhood was found to be associated with an increased risk of mood disorders. Compared to participants without asthma admission before the age of 12, the relative risk of mood disorders was 1.32 (95% confidence interval 1.01-1.72) for those hospitalized once to twice for asthma and 1.66 (95% confidence interval 1.15-2.41) for those hospitalized three or more times for asthma, after controlling for potential confounding variables. Conclusion: The results supported the literature that asthma during childhood could increase the risk of mood disorders in later life. Prevention strategy should be developed to reduce the stress level among children with asthma to protect their normal mental development.","PeriodicalId":89887,"journal":{"name":"American medical journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"93-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3844/AMJSP.2011.93.97","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70191590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Cardioprotective Diet in Acute Coronary Syndrome","authors":"S. Dharwadkar, F. Demeester, Taiyo Kagaku","doi":"10.3844/AMJSP.2011.98.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AMJSP.2011.98.103","url":null,"abstract":"Problem statement: Nutritional factors appear to be quite important in the pathogenesis and prognosis among patients of Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) or Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). Increased consumption of proinflammatory foods; such as refined starches and sugar, trans fat, saturated fat and w-6 fatty acids may increase proi nflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and free fatty acids causing endothelial dysfunction. Approach: Columbus foods with low w-6/w-3 ratio of fatty acids, may play a protective role. Many adver se parameters such as higher concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines, transcription factors an d adhesion molecules, free radicals and decrease in nitrite levels were shown to be related to the diet ary composition and thus may serve as independent predictors of ACS. Diets rich in w-3 fatty acids, v itamins, minerals and antioxidants and low in refin ed carbohydrates cause decrease in levels of plasma li pid peroxides, antioxidant vitamins, serum Glutamic Oxaloacetate Transaminase (SGOT) and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) cardiac enzymes in patients with ACS. Results: Available evidence indicate that cardioprotective d iet can decrease sudden cardiac deaths, total cardiac deaths, non-fatal inf ractions and total cardiac events among patients receiving such diet compared to standard diet. The existing evidence support that diet rich in w-3 fat ty acids, vitamins, minerals and antioxidants with low refined carbohydrates may be beneficial to vascula r endothelium and myocardium and thus seems to function as cardioprotective in patients with ACS. Conclusion: The Western foods that lack essential vitamins, mi nerals and w-3 fatty acids and that are rapidly absorbed should be avoided in patients with ACS. More studies especially in the context of developing countries are required for establishing the vital role of the cardio protective diet.","PeriodicalId":89887,"journal":{"name":"American medical journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"98-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3844/AMJSP.2011.98.103","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70191635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Health Technology Assessment on Decision-Making Processes in Public Versus Not-for-Profit Private Hospitals","authors":"Hafizah Besar Sa'aid, D. Stewart, Ian England, Nilesh Parmar","doi":"10.3844/AMJSP.2011.72.78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AMJSP.2011.72.78","url":null,"abstract":"Problem statement: The goal of this study is to extend research on Ev idence-Based Practice (EBP) implementation by examining the decision-making processes for acquiring new health technologies in selected hospitals in Southeast Que ensland, Australia. Both a decision-making model and a mini-Health Technology Assessment (HTA) model guide the approach and analysis in this study. We anticipated that both public and private sector organisations would use HTA as the guideline in decision-making processes to acquire new health technologies. Approach: The data were collected using two methods; document analysis and in-depth, face-to-face interviews. The steps in decision- making processes to acquire new health technologies were identified through content and thematic analysis. The HTA process and mini-HTA checklist were used as a bench mark for decision-making processes. Results: Decision making processes were described as informal in not-for-profit private hospitals and as formal in public hospitals. Decisi ons in not-for-profit private hospitals were driven by business strategy and the cost effectiveness of the technologies. In the public hospital, however, the main factors were safety and clinical effectiveness although budget also has some impact. Decision makers in both types of hospitals were unclear abou t HTA and its agencies. They also were not aware of mini-HTA, even though they were searching for a suitable support tool for decision making. Conclusion : This study identified the impact of HTA and mini-HT A in public and private hospital settings. Findings from this study show that the ev idence from HTA is not fully utilised by decision makers in the hospitals to make informed decisions. Health authorities should play a more active role in educating decision makers at hospital level rega rding health technology assessment. Mini-HTA can be a beneficial tool for decision making processes at hospital level.","PeriodicalId":89887,"journal":{"name":"American medical journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"72-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3844/AMJSP.2011.72.78","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70191459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic Resistance of Community and Hospital Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Clinical Specimens","authors":"A. Taha, S. Al-Salihi","doi":"10.3844/AMJSP.2011.65.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AMJSP.2011.65.71","url":null,"abstract":"Problem statement: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is responsible \u0000for an increasing number of serious hospital and community acquired infections. Increased emergence \u0000in MRSA resistance to antibiotics is a growing problem. Approach: The resistance of MRSA to 20 \u0000antibiotics agents were studied. Also comparison of antibiotics resistance of community and hospital \u0000acquired MRSA were performed. Meanwhile the profile of antibiotics resistance of different clinical \u0000specimens among community and hospital acquired MRSA were evaluated. The clinical specimens of \u0000wound, urine, diabetic foot, skin abscess and sputum were collected from 1189 patients from March \u00002008-2009 at Hawler, Maternity and Rizgary teaching hospitals in Erbil, Iraq, 377 of Staphylococcus \u0000aureus were isolated and identification by standard methods, 114 MRSA were detected by detection \u0000PBP2a. Antibiotics resistance for MRSA were determined by the agar dilution method according to \u0000CLSI and BSAC guidelines. Results: The percentages of resistance in all hospital acquired MRSA \u0000were higher than community acquired MRSA. Among community acquired MRSA, the highest \u0000percentage (73.33%) of wound specimens were resistance to tetracycline, erythromycin and \u0000azithromycin. About 14% of urine samples were resistance to tobramycin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin \u0000and rifampicin, 12.5% of diabetic foot was resistance to tobramycin, moxifloxacin and rifampicin. The \u0000resistance to tobramycin and rifampicin among MRSA cause skin abscess were 10 and 75% of sputum \u0000specimens were resistance to azithromycin and ciprofloxacin. Among hospital acquired MRSA \u0000isolates, 92% of wound specimens were resistance to tetracycline, 85.71% of urine samples were \u0000resistance to erythromycin and azithromycin. All sputum specimens were resistance to erythromycin. \u0000Conclusion/Recommendations: The most antibiotics affected agents MRSA were gatifloxacin, \u0000moxifloxacin and rifampicin. Physicians should be aware about MRSA and order for diagnostic and \u0000antibiotics sensitivity test. The use of antibiotics on random scale without antibiotic sensitivity testing \u0000must be restricted.","PeriodicalId":89887,"journal":{"name":"American medical journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"65-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3844/AMJSP.2011.65.71","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70191392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emotion Regulation in Childhood with Cancer (Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia)","authors":"Siti Yuyun Rahayu Fitri, E. T. Atmodiwirjo, W. Wilman","doi":"10.3844/AMJSP.2011.79.86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AMJSP.2011.79.86","url":null,"abstract":"Problem statement: Emotion regulation in children with Leukemia actively undergoing a \u0000chemotherapy program has distinctive forms of regulation in the research on different cultures. \u0000Furthermore, the capability of children to regulate their emotions during a dynamic process involving \u0000frequent hospitalization and painful treatment is of increasing interest to researchers. This must also \u0000take into account how the role of culture can influence emotion regulation. There is limited research \u0000about emotion regulation in sick children, especially children with Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia \u0000(ALL) in Indonesia. Thus in this study we aimed to explore emotion regulation in children with ALL \u0000during ongoing chemotherapy. Approach: A descriptive qualitative approach was chosen to carry out \u0000this study. The participants were six persons, consisting of four children aged 10-13 years old and two \u0000persons aged 20-21 years old. Emotion regulation according to Gross’s theory comprises of situation \u0000selection, situation modification, attention deployment, cognitive change and response modulation. \u0000The emotion regulation was observed during various phases of the participants’ chemotherapy \u0000treatment. These were the Induction, Consolidation and Maintenance Phases. Results: Children with \u0000leukemia have negative emotions, especially during the initial diagnosis, such as feeling sad, scared, \u0000angry, embarrassed and bored. These are experienced in various situations namely diagnosing \u0000reinforcement, chemotherapy preparation and the chemotherapy period. In managing their emotions, \u0000they develop emotion regulation in both interpersonal and interpersonal ways. An emotion regulation \u0000of focused response-is used more in the initial phase when children are diagnosed to have leukemia \u0000and antecedent-focused emotion regulation is seen in external parties. After undergoing chemotherapy \u0000for 1-3 months, the children are able to feel antecedent-focused emotion regulation in an interpersonal \u0000way and the emotion regulation of response focus decreases. Conclusion/Recommendations: \u0000Children with their capacity for development and supported by an external stimulus are capable of \u0000sorting particular responses in undertaking adaptive response alternatives. These responses can be used \u0000for various kinds of condition.","PeriodicalId":89887,"journal":{"name":"American medical journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"79-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3844/AMJSP.2011.79.86","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70191518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational Exposure of Pesticides on Activities of Alanine aminotransferase and γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase in Blood among Vegetables Farmers","authors":"Shamsul Bahari Shamsudin, T. Yap","doi":"10.3844/AMJSP.2011.87.92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AMJSP.2011.87.92","url":null,"abstract":"Problem statement: Most vegetable farmers are using agricultural chemicals on their farms. Many of these chemicals are used to control pests and are known as pesticides. Pesticides can be considered according to their chemical basis. Most of the more toxic pesticides fall into chemical groups of organophosphates, carbamates and bipyridyls. Approach: The general objective to study the level of liver enzymes as a result of being exposed to pesticides among the farmers in Muar, Johor. The specific objectives of the study are to identified relationship between pesticides exposure durations with the liver enzyme level, frequency handling the pesticides and using PPE when application the pesticides, compare the liver enzyme level between exposure group and comparative group and finally identified the factor which can influence the liver enzyme lever at farmer who exposed to pesticides. The cross sectional study on the effect of pesticides to the liver enzymes among farmer at Muar Johor was conducted by using the liver enzymes such as Alanine Aminotransferase (ALAT) and γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) as indicators. 92 workers were selected as respondents, where 47 respondents are in the exposed group and the other 45 respondents in the comparative group. Respondents had been selected from farmers in Muar as the exposed group and respondents who from Terengganu Health District Office as the comparative group. The selection of the respondents was made through purposive sampling from list provided. The liver enzymes level was measured by taking blood from respondent. The Automatic Analyzer Hitachi 902 was used in the blood analysis. Two types of the liver enzymes (ALAT and GGT) were analyzed. Results: Mean GGT for exposed group was 63.5 Units/L and ALAT was 61.9 Units/L, significantly higher compare to comparative group while the mean of GGT was 20.7 Units/L and ALAT was 23 Units/L. Non-parametric difference Mann-Whitney U test showed there was significant different between exposed and comparative group on GGT (Z = -6.535; p≤0.001) and ALAT level (Z = -5.315; p≤0.001). Five occupational factors have been measured in this study which is years of working, number of pesticide used per day, frequency of handling pesticide per day, pesticide spraying durations and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) scores. Result showed both GGT and ALAT enzymes level has significant correlations with pesticide spraying durations (r = 412; p = 0.004 and r = 0.445; p = 0.002) and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) scores (r = -0.397; p = 0.006 and r = -0.478; p = 0.001). Pesticides spraying durations was the occupational exposure factoring which most influence GGT (β = 0.710; p<0.001) and ALAT (β = 0.574; p<0.001) enzymes level among exposed group after adjustments for all confounders in this study. Conclusion: After adjustments of the confounding factors, result shows that frequency of handling pesticide per day and pesticide spraying duration (hours) influence the enzyme GGT","PeriodicalId":89887,"journal":{"name":"American medical journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"87-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3844/AMJSP.2011.87.92","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70191575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antidepressant-Like Activity of Banana Peel Extract in Mice","authors":"Tan Pei Tee, H. Hassan","doi":"10.3844/AMJSP.2011.59.64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AMJSP.2011.59.64","url":null,"abstract":"Problem statement: Depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure, feeling guilty, low selfesteem, sleep disturbance, loss of appetite, low energy and poor concentration are the characteristics of depression. This common mental disorder can occur in anyone regardless of genders, ages and backgrounds. People counteract it with psychotherapy and medications. Alternatively, some patients use herbal remedies as treatments. Recently, natural herbal products that have antidepressant effect has gain more attention in the market. Banana peel is commonly used to treat warts, as diuretics, aids in detoxification and relive hangovers. This research was conducted to study the effects of banana peel extract against depression. Approach: Swiss Albino mice were used in this study. Acute Toxicity Study (ATS) was being carried out by injecting 4 doses of the green and yellow banana peel extract each to different mice groups. Six groups of mice were treated with different treatments (normal saline 5 mL kg-1, green banana peel extract 200 and 400 mg kg-1, yellow banana peel extract 200 and 400 mg kg-1, Fluoxetine HCl 20mg kg-1, p.o.) for 7 consecutive days before mice were subjected for Forced Swim Test (FST) and Tail Suspension Test (TST). Results: The result shows that green banana peel extract 400 mg kg-1 significantly reduces the duration of immobility (p<0.01) compared to control in FST. In TST, green banana peel extract 400 mg kg-1 and yellow banana peel extract (200 and 400 mg kg-1) showed significant result (p<0.001) compared to control. There were no signs of acute toxicity observed for the extracts in ATS. Conclusion/Recommendations: This research suggested that the banana peel extracts exhibits antidepressant-like effects. Further studies maybe conducted on locomotor activity study and phytochemical screening.","PeriodicalId":89887,"journal":{"name":"American medical journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"59-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3844/AMJSP.2011.59.64","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70191344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Extended-Spectrum β Lactamases and AmpC β-Lactamase Production in Escherichia coli Causing Urinary Tract Infection among HIV and Non-HIV Patients","authors":"Padmavathy Kesavaram, P. Krishnan, R. Sikhamani","doi":"10.3844/AMJSP.2011.54.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AMJSP.2011.54.58","url":null,"abstract":"Problem statement: Opportunistic infections have been documented as a leading cause of morbidity among HIV patients. Gram negative pathogens that elaborate beta-lactamases have been reported to be associated with increased morbidity and mortality, especially amongst immunocompromised patients on intensive care and high-dependency units. The most common mechanism of β-lactam drug resistance in Escherichia coli include ESBL, AmpC production. Approach: In this study, we assessed the prevalence of UTI in two groups of individuals which included patients with HIV/AIDS and non-HIV antenatal patients. Results: E. coli was the predominant pathogen associated with bacteriuria in both the HIV group and the non-HIV group. In vitro sensitivity revealed that 96.2 and 31.8% of the E. coli isolates from the HIV patients and non-HIV patients were resistant to co-trimoxazole. Also, 72.7 and 4.5% of E. coli strains produced ESBL and/or AmpC among the HIV and the non-HIV antenatal patients respectively. Conclusion: Our data suggests that UTI may represent a relevant cause of morbidity among the HIV/AIDS patients.","PeriodicalId":89887,"journal":{"name":"American medical journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"54-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3844/AMJSP.2011.54.58","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70191274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}