Journal of verbal learning and verbal behavior最新文献

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The bilingual lexicon: Language-specific units in an integrated network 双语词典:综合网络中的特定语言单元
Journal of verbal learning and verbal behavior Pub Date : 1984-08-01 Epub Date: 2004-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90336-0
Kim Kirsner, Marilyn C. Smith, R.S. Lockhart, M.L. King, M. Jain
{"title":"The bilingual lexicon: Language-specific units in an integrated network","authors":"Kim Kirsner,&nbsp;Marilyn C. Smith,&nbsp;R.S. Lockhart,&nbsp;M.L. King,&nbsp;M. Jain","doi":"10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90336-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90336-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Five experiments were conducted to evaluate hypotheses concerning lexical organization in bilinguals. Previous work has shown that the repetition effect in lexical decision is restricted to intralingual conditions for English and Hindi. Experiments 1–3 each involved 12 English—French bilinguals and demonstrated that a previous finding generalizes to more similar languages and orthographies (English and French) and that it is unaffected by mixed-language test conditions. The results also demonstrated that although interlingual transfer occurs in response to translative activity during encoding, transfer does not occur as a result of tasks which emphasize meaning rather than translation. Experiment 4 involved 12 English—Hindi bilinguals in a two-word lexical decision task with semantically related and unrelated words under pure and mixed-language conditions. The results confirmed Meyer and Ruddy's (1974, <em>Bilingual word recognition: Organization and retrieval of a alternative lexical codes</em>) unpublished report that semantic priming is present under mixed as well as pure language conditions, and further showed that when language is defined by orthography—as is the case for English and Hindi—there is no overall deficit for mixed-language conditions. Experiment 5 demonstrated that for interlingual semantic priming to occur under successive presentation conditions, the related concepts must follow one another immediately. The overall pattern of results suggests that although the unit of lexical representation in bilinguals is language specific, the units function in an integrated network.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":89821,"journal":{"name":"Journal of verbal learning and verbal behavior","volume":"23 4","pages":"Pages 519-539"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90336-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55830935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 230
Anaphoric reference in written narratives of good and poor elementary school writers 小学好作家与差作家叙述中的回指参照
Journal of verbal learning and verbal behavior Pub Date : 1984-08-01 Epub Date: 2004-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90345-1
Elsa Jaffe Bartlett
{"title":"Anaphoric reference in written narratives of good and poor elementary school writers","authors":"Elsa Jaffe Bartlett","doi":"10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90345-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90345-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The extent to which certain co-referential and structural constraints are reflected in the anaphoric noun phrases of written narratives produced by more and less skilled upper-elementary writers is investigated. To control for co-referential context, subjects wrote about events pictured in two cartoons, constructed so as to afford different opportunities for unambiguous pronoun use. Analyses assess effects of the two co-referential contexts as well as effects of changes in thematic focus on noun phrases. Results indicate that (as predicted) poor writers are relatively insensitive to the constraints of the more difficult coreferential context, but that (unexpectedly) poor writers are as sensitive as good writers to the effects of changes in thematic focus. Possible reasons for these differences are considered.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":89821,"journal":{"name":"Journal of verbal learning and verbal behavior","volume":"23 4","pages":"Pages 540-552"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90345-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55830942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 22
Short-term storage in reading 阅读中的短时存储
Journal of verbal learning and verbal behavior Pub Date : 1984-08-01 Epub Date: 2004-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90300-1
Murray Glanzer, Beth Fischer, David Dorfman
{"title":"Short-term storage in reading","authors":"Murray Glanzer,&nbsp;Beth Fischer,&nbsp;David Dorfman","doi":"10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90300-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90300-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Five studies were carried out to analyze the role of short-term storage in the reading of organized text. In the studies the subject's reading was interrupted with a distractor task to remove the information the subject was carrying in short-term storage. The effect of the interruption was to slow down subsequent reading. The first study demonstrated that the interruption effect did not depend on a shift from one cognitive operation to another. The study also showed that the effect appeared only with organized text, not with sequences of unrelated sentences. The second study indicated that the interruption effect could not be countered by giving the subject general, thematic information. It was likely therefore that general, thematic information was not the critical factor carried forward in short-term storage. The third study showed that the interruption effect could be countered by giving the subject the last one or two sentences that preceded the interruption. Evidence is presented that these sentences, probably their surface form, are needed to handle the anaphora demands of the following sentences. Further evidence in support of the last point was furnished by the fourth and fifth experiments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":89821,"journal":{"name":"Journal of verbal learning and verbal behavior","volume":"23 4","pages":"Pages 467-486"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90300-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55830556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 119
Procedures of mind 思维过程
Journal of verbal learning and verbal behavior Pub Date : 1984-08-01 Epub Date: 2004-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90282-2
Paul A. Kolers , Henry L. Roediger III
{"title":"Procedures of mind","authors":"Paul A. Kolers ,&nbsp;Henry L. Roediger III","doi":"10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90282-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90282-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The prevailing metaphor for studies of learning and memory emphasizes the acquisition, storage, and retrieval of “information”; within this framework, mind is often treated as if it were a physical object and information similarly is assumed to have physicalistic properties. Evidence that supports a more process-oriented view of information processing is offered. Mind is described in terms of skill in manipulating symbols and the notion of skills is shown to provide a useful framework for accounting for significant aspects of cognitive processes. Evidence supporting the procedural view includes studies that show that the means of acquisition of information form part of its representation in mind, that recognition varies with the similarity of procedures in acquisition and test, and that transfer between tasks varies with the degree of correspondence of underlying procedures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":89821,"journal":{"name":"Journal of verbal learning and verbal behavior","volume":"23 4","pages":"Pages 425-449"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90282-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55830469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 594
Cognitive load and maintenance rehearsal 认知负荷和维持预演
Journal of verbal learning and verbal behavior Pub Date : 1984-08-01 Epub Date: 2004-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90318-9
Moshe Naveh-Benjamin, John Jonides
{"title":"Cognitive load and maintenance rehearsal","authors":"Moshe Naveh-Benjamin,&nbsp;John Jonides","doi":"10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90318-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90318-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In recent years there has been a good deal of debate about the role of rote, repetitive rehearsal (called Type I or maintenance rehearsal) on the establishment of memory traces that outlast the rehearsal process itself. One advance in the technology used to study this problem is the operational definition of maintenance rehearsal proposed by Glenberg and Adams (1978, <em>Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior</em>, 17, 455–463). These authors argued that maintenance rehearsal should be defined as the continuous maintenance of information in memory using minimal cognitive capacity. Here this definition was adopted and extended in a paradigm in which the mental resources devoted to maintenance rehearsal could be systematically varied. The experiment revealed that there is, indeed, an effect of maintenance rehearsal on long-term recognition performance and that this effect depends on the mental resources devoted to the rehearsal process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":89821,"journal":{"name":"Journal of verbal learning and verbal behavior","volume":"23 4","pages":"Pages 494-507"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90318-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55830916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 24
Reading and remembering: Conceptual and perceptual processing involved in reading rotated passages 阅读和记忆:阅读旋转段落涉及的概念和感知处理
Journal of verbal learning and verbal behavior Pub Date : 1984-06-01 Epub Date: 2004-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90281-0
Peter Graf , Betty Ann Levy
{"title":"Reading and remembering: Conceptual and perceptual processing involved in reading rotated passages","authors":"Peter Graf ,&nbsp;Betty Ann Levy","doi":"10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90281-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90281-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Three experiments are reported that investigated the conceptual and perceptual processing involved in reading rotated, compared with normally oriented, typescript. These studies localized the effects of reading rotated text by measuring reading speed, detection of typographical errors, comprehension question answering, and time to reread a passage. The first experiment also compared the processing of conceptually difficult material with the processing of difficult typescript in order to examine changes in the involvement of conceptual and perceptual processes to meet text and task demands. The results indicated that the superior comprehension of rotated text is due to more conceptual, not more perceptual, processing. The studies also showed the flexibility in the use of different processes to meet text and task requirements. Only multiple performance measures can reflect the total processing picture involved in fluent reading.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":89821,"journal":{"name":"Journal of verbal learning and verbal behavior","volume":"23 3","pages":"Pages 405-424"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90281-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55830438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 40
When does irregular spelling or pronunciation influence word recognition? 不规则的拼写或发音何时会影响单词识别?
Journal of verbal learning and verbal behavior Pub Date : 1984-06-01 Epub Date: 2004-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90270-6
Mark S. Seidenberg, Gloria S. Waters, Marcia A. Barnes, Michael K. Tanenhaus
{"title":"When does irregular spelling or pronunciation influence word recognition?","authors":"Mark S. Seidenberg,&nbsp;Gloria S. Waters,&nbsp;Marcia A. Barnes,&nbsp;Michael K. Tanenhaus","doi":"10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90270-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90270-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Four experiments examined how irregularities in spelling or in the correspondence between spelling and sound influence two reading tasks, naming and lexical decision. The words studied included regular (e.g., <em>must</em>), exception (<em>have</em>), regular inconsistent (<em>gave</em>), and “strange” (words with unusual spelling patterns such as <em>aisle</em> or <em>fuel</em>). The results indicate that the two factors have separate effects on recognition. Irregular spelling influences performance on both tasks, while irregular spelling—sound correspondences only influence reading aloud. However, all of these effects are restricted to lower frequency words. The processing of both high and low frequency words, as well as the task differences, can be accommodated by a model that considers the time course of the activation of orthographic and phonological information.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":89821,"journal":{"name":"Journal of verbal learning and verbal behavior","volume":"23 3","pages":"Pages 383-404"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90270-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55830415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 694
Serial recall of imagined voices 连续回忆想象中的声音
Journal of verbal learning and verbal behavior Pub Date : 1984-06-01 Epub Date: 2004-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90226-3
James S. Nairne, Constance Pusen
{"title":"Serial recall of imagined voices","authors":"James S. Nairne,&nbsp;Constance Pusen","doi":"10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90226-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90226-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In three experiments, subjects imagined that visually presented information was being presented aloud in another speaker's voice. Our intention was to see if modality- and suffix-like serial recall patterns could be produced if subjects internally generated, rather than heard, auditory input. In Experiment 1, recency recall of a vocally presented list was not impaired when subjects imagined that a visual suffix was auditory. In Experiments 2 and 3, imagining that visual lists were being spoken aloud failed to enhance recency recall relative to silent encoding conditions. These results are described as consistent with percategorical accounts of the modality and suffix effects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":89821,"journal":{"name":"Journal of verbal learning and verbal behavior","volume":"23 3","pages":"Pages 331-342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90226-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55830677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Reply to commentators 回复评论员
Journal of verbal learning and verbal behavior Pub Date : 1984-06-01 Epub Date: 2004-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90215-9
Paul A. Kolers, William E. Smythe
{"title":"Reply to commentators","authors":"Paul A. Kolers,&nbsp;William E. Smythe","doi":"10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90215-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90215-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89821,"journal":{"name":"Journal of verbal learning and verbal behavior","volume":"23 3","pages":"Pages 328-330"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90215-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55830618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 28
Alternatives to the computational view of mind: The baby or the bathwater? 计算思维观的替代方案:婴儿还是洗澡水?
Journal of verbal learning and verbal behavior Pub Date : 1984-06-01 Epub Date: 2004-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90193-2
Alan Allport
{"title":"Alternatives to the computational view of mind: The baby or the bathwater?","authors":"Alan Allport","doi":"10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90193-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90193-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89821,"journal":{"name":"Journal of verbal learning and verbal behavior","volume":"23 3","pages":"Pages 315-324"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90193-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71782055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
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